Azoproite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Azoproite
AZOPRO logo
Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
3.63
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
A Russian acronym honoring the Study of Deep Zones of the Earth’s Crust (AZOPRO in Russian) sponsored in 1969 by the International Geological Association. It was found during the preparation of a guidebook for the Association's 12th meeting at Baikal.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Azoproite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
442
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:442:8
IMA Classification of Azoproite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mg2((Ti4+,Mg),Fe3+)O2BO3
Approval year:
1970
First published:
1970
Classification of Azoproite
6.AB.30
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
24.2.1.3
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
9.6.2
9 : Borates
6 : Borates of Ti, Sn and Ta
9 : Borates
6 : Borates of Ti, Sn and Ta
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Azo | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Azoproite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on (010), less good on (001)
Good on (010), less good on (001)
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.63(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.63 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Azoproite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.799(2) nβ = 1.822(3) nγ = 1.855(5)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.056
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (81°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (81°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
r > v medium
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X pale green with bluish tint, Y dark green, nearly opaque, Z reddish-brown, absorption Y>Z>X.
Chemistry of Azoproite
Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Azoproite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbam
Setting:
Pbam
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.26(1) Å, b = 12.25(1) Å, c = 3.01(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.756 : 1 : 0.246
Unit Cell V:
341.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.52 Å | (10d) |
| 5.07 Å | (8) |
| 2.16 Å | (6) |
| 2.02 Å | (6) |
| 2.77 Å | (5b) |
| 2.11 Å | (5) |
| 1.900 Å | (5) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations |
Type Occurrence of Azoproite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Prismatic crystals 1 to 20 mm long and 0.1 to 5 mm wide.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1481/1–1481/3.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 72890–72892.
Natural History Museum, Paris, France.
National School of Mines, Paris, France, V16383.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 72890–72892.
Natural History Museum, Paris, France.
National School of Mines, Paris, France, V16383.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Magnesian skarns in the contact aureole of the Tazheran alkalic massif.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Azoproite
Other Language Names for Azoproite
Relationship of Azoproite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Ludwigite Group:
| Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam |
| Fredrikssonite | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam |
| Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam |
| Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam |
| Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 15 photos of Azoproite associated with Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| 13 photos of Azoproite associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 12 photos of Azoproite associated with Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| 3 photos of Azoproite associated with Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| 2 photos of Azoproite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 2 photos of Azoproite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Azoproite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Azoproite associated with Tazheranite | (Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2 |
| 1 photo of Azoproite associated with 'Armalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series' |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 6.AB. | Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 |
| 6.AB. | Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 |
| 6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH) · H2O |
| 6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.25 | Karlite | (Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5 |
| 6.AB.30 | Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.35 | Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 |
| 6.AB.35 | Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 |
| 6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Hulsite | Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O |
| 6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1) |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} |
| 6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| 6.AB.90 | Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Notes:
Readily dissolved by dilute HCl, not dissolved in 1:3 HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Azoproite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-442.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Azoproite
Reference List:
Frost, Ray L. (2011) Raman spectroscopy of selected borate minerals of the pinakiolité group. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42 (3). 540-543 doi:10.1002/jrs.2745
Bilohuščin, Vladimír, Uher, Pavel, Koděra, Peter, Milovská, Stanislava, Mikuš, Tomáš, Bačík, Peter (2017) Evolution of borate minerals from contact metamorphic to hydrothermal stages: Ludwigite-group minerals and szaibélyite from the Vysoká – Zlatno skarn, Slovakia. Mineralogy and Petrology, 111 (4) 643-658 doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0518-y
Biryukov, Yaroslav P., Zinnatullin, Almaz L., Levashova, Irina O., Shablinskii, Andrey P., Cherosov, Mikhail A., Bubnova, Rimma S., Vagizov, Farit G., Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G., Filatov, Stanislav K., Shilovskikh, Vladimir V., et al. (2022) X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy study of oxoborate azoproite (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg,Al)O2(BO3): an in situ temperature-dependent investigation (5 ≤ T ≤ 1650 K). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 78 (6). 809-816 doi:10.1107/s2052520622009349
Localities for Azoproite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| Shevko et al. (2019) |
| Galuskin +1 other reference |
| Konev A A et al. (1970) +2 other references |
Slovakia | |
| Bilohuščin et al. (2016) |
Spain | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
USA | |
| Aleksandrov et al. (2008) |
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La Aljorra Quarries, La Aljorra, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain