Yttrialite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Yttrialite-(Y)
Formula:
(Y,Th)2Si2O7
Colour:
Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Dull
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.56 - 4.58
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after its chemical composition containing yttrium. Originally named simply yttrialite. The suffix was added in 1987 by the IMA with the adoption of the Levinson for REE minerals.
NOTE: not to be confused with Yttriaite-(Y)
NOTE: not to be confused with Yttriaite-(Y)
Type Locality:
Known synthetic analogue.
Probably polymorphous with anorthoyttrialite-(Y) (?: confirmation needed).
Probably polymorphous with anorthoyttrialite-(Y) (?: confirmation needed).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4367
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4367:6
Similar Names
| Teralite | A synonym of 'Theralite' | |
| Yttriaite-(Y) | A valid IMA mineral species | Y2O3 |
IMA Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Y2Si2O7
First published:
1889
Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)
9.BC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
55.2.1b.3
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
14.11.5
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ytt-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Yttrialite-(Y)
Vitreous, Greasy, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
platy
platy
Density:
4.56 - 4.58 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.0 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Yttrialite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Th)2Si2O7
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 28.70 % |
| Fe2O3 | 1.18 % |
| MnO | 0.48 % |
| MgO | 0.15 % |
| CaO | 0.93 % |
| UO2 | 2.59 % |
| ThO2 | 6.97 % |
| Y2O3 | 31.37 % |
| La2O3 | 0.14 % |
| Ce2O3 | 0.66 % |
| Pr2O3 | 0.15 % |
| Nd2O3 | 1.09 % |
| Sm2O3 | 1.17 % |
| Eu2O3 | 0.05 % |
| Gd2O3 | 2.44 % |
| Tb2O3 | 0.61 % |
| Dy2O3 | 5.35 % |
| Ho2O3 | 1.00 % |
| Er2O3 | 3.69 % |
| Tm2O3 | 0.75 % |
| Yb2O3 | 5.58 % |
| Lu2O3 | 1.45 % |
| H2O | 3.68 % |
| Total: | 100.18 % |
Crystallography of Yttrialite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.50 Å, b = 8.06 Å, c = 5.02 Å
α = 112.00°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
α = 112.00°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.931 : 1 : 0.623
Unit Cell V:
303.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
commonly metamict.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014180 | Yttrialite-(Y) | Batalieva N G, Pyatenko Yu A (1971) Artificial yttrialite (gamma-phase) - a representative of a new structure type in the rare earth diorthosilicate series Kristallografiya 16 905-910 | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.68 Å | (80) |
| 4.04 Å | (80) |
| 3.46 Å | (90) |
| 3.19 Å | (50) |
| 3.05 Å | (100) |
| 2.99 Å | (50) |
| 2.63 Å | (90) |
| 2.39 Å | (90) |
| 2.05 Å | (90) |
| 2.02 Å | (50) |
| 2.01 Å | (50) |
| 1.86 Å | (60) |
| 1.74 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Ivedal, Norway. The data are from Nilssen (1971). The sample was heated at 850°C. That reference provides a thorough summary of different natural and synthetic patterns obtained at different temperatures.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Yttrialite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type specimen.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Polymetallic deposit hosted in pegmatitic granite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Yttrialite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Yttrialite-(Y)
Relationship of Yttrialite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Thortveitite Group:
| Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Keiviite-(Yb) | Yb2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 |
| 5 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Britholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Formanite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
| 4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with 'Keiviite-(Y)-Keiviite-(Yb) Series' | |
| 3 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| 1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Kamphaugite-(Y) | Ca(Y,REE)(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with 'Zinnwaldite' | |
| 1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O |
| 1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with 'Yttrofluorite' | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BC. | Anorthoyttrialite-(Y) | Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10) |
| 9.BC. | Kozłowskiite | Ca4(Fe2+Sn3)[Si2O7]2[Si2O6OH]2 |
| 9.BC.05 | Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.05 | Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.05 | Keiviite-(Yb) | Yb2Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.05 | Gittinsite | CaZrSi2O7 |
| 9.BC.10 | Parakeldyshite | Na2ZrSi2O7 |
| 9.BC.10 | Keldyshite | (Na,H)2ZrSi2O7 |
| 9.BC.10 | Khibinskite | K2ZrSi2O7 |
| 9.BC.10 | Brunovskyite | NaZrSi2O6(OH) |
| 9.BC.15 | Rankinite | Ca3Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.20 | Barysilite | Pb8Mn2+[Si2O7]3 |
| 9.BC.25 | Edgarbaileyite | [Hg2]2+3[Si2O7] |
| 9.BC.30 | Kristiansenite | Ca4(Sc2Sn2)[Si2O7]2[Si2O6OH]2 |
| 9.BC.30 | Nybergite | Ca4Sc3Sn(Si2O7)(Si2O6OH)3 |
| 9.BC.30 | Silesiaite | Ca4(Fe3+2Sn2)[Si2O7]2[Si2O6OH]2 |
| 9.BC.35 | Percleveite-(Ce) | Ce2Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.35 | Percleveite-(La) | La2Si2O7 |
| 9.BC.40 | Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Yttrialite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4367.html
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References for Yttrialite-(Y)
Reference List:
Omori, Keiichi, Hasegawa, Shuzo (1953) Yttrialite and abukumalite from a pegmatite of Suisho-yama, Iizaka Village, Fukushima Prefecture. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 37 (1) 21-29 doi:10.2465/ganko1941.37.21
Ito, Jun, Johnson, Harold (1968) Synthesis and study of yttrialite. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1940-1952
Nilssen, Borghild (1971) Yttrialite from Ivedal, Iveland, South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 51 (1). 1-8
Ewing, Rodney C., Ehlmann, and Arthur J. (1973) Yttrialite and uraninite, additional minerals from the Rode Ranch pegmatite, Central Mineral Region, Texas. American Mineralogist, 58 (5-6) 545-547
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Spandler, Carl, Hermann, Jörg, Rubatto, Daniela (2004) Exsolution of thortveitite, yttrialite, and xenotime during low-temperature recrystallization of zircon from New Caledonia, and their significance for trace element incorporation in zircon. American Mineralogist, 89 (11) 1795-1806 doi:10.2138/am-2004-11-1226
Dolan, M. D.; Harlan, B.; White, J. S.; Hall, M.; Misture, S. T.; Bancheri, S. C.; Bewlay, B. (2008) Structures and anisotropic thermal expansion of the α, β, γ, and δ polymorphs of Y2Si2O7. Powder Diffraction, 23 (1). 20-25 doi:10.1154/1.2825308
Localities for Yttrialite-(Y)
Showing 33 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Holmtjärn, Stora Tuna, Borlänge, Dalarna County, Sweden