Planerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Planerite
Formula:
Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
Colour:
White, pale green, pale blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
2.68
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Hans Rudoph Hermann in 1862 in honor of Dimitrii Ivanovich Planer (Дмитрий Иванович Планер) (1820 - 7 June 1882), mineralogist and former Director, Gumeshevsk copper mines, Polevskoi, Russia, who discovered the species some distance east of those mines.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3234
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3234:2
Similar Names
| phanerite | A rock subtype |
IMA Classification of Planerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8·4H2O
First published:
1862
Approval history:
Redefined 1998 s.p.: Foord and Taggart (1998).
Classification of Planerite
8.DD.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
42.9.3.6
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
19.2.10
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pnr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Planerite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White, pale green, pale blue
Streak:
Greenish white, white
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Cleavage may exist by analogy with other members of the group
Cleavage may exist by analogy with other members of the group
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.68 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.71 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Planerite
Type:
Biaxial
Dispersion:
r < v weak
Chemistry of Planerite
Mindat Formula:
Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Planerite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.704 Å, b = 10.109 Å, c = 7.390 Å
α = 110.84°, β = 115.07°, γ = 70.76°
α = 110.84°, β = 115.07°, γ = 70.76°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.762 : 1 : 0.731
Unit Cell V:
476.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Found as minute crusts or in botryoidal masses.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.82 Å | (90) |
| 6.20 Å | (20) |
| 4.73 Å | (20?) |
| 3.75 Å | (100) |
| 3.70 Å | (30) |
| 3.29 Å | (10) |
| 3.09 Å | (20) |
| 2.55 Å | (10) |
Comments:
IMMA 102 (1986)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Planerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Coatings on quartz in fractures of the rock.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia, number 5404 (type).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Planerite
Other Language Names for Planerite
Varieties of Planerite
Relationship of Planerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Turquoise Group:
| Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Chalcosiderite | CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 'UM1981-32-PO:FeH' | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 14 photos of Planerite associated with Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 9 photos of Planerite associated with Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8 photos of Planerite associated with Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 4 photos of Planerite associated with Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| 2 photos of Planerite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Planerite associated with 'Psilomelane' | |
| 1 photo of Planerite associated with Zapatalite | Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Planerite associated with 'Chert' | |
| 1 photo of Planerite associated with 'Limestone' | |
| 1 photo of Planerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DD. | Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| 8.DD. | Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| 8.DD. | Vargite | MnCu2Mn2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4 |
| 8.DD. | Galeaclolusite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 8H2O |
| 8.DD.05 | Luetheite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.DD.05 | Chenevixite | Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.DD.10 | Akrochordite | MnMn2Mn2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4 |
| 8.DD.10 | Guanacoite | MgCu2Mg2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4 |
| 8.DD.15 | 'UM1981-32-PO:FeH' | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Afmite | Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | 'Coeruleolactite' | |
| 8.DD.15 | Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Chalcosiderite | CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Lefontite | Fe2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.DD.20 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.25 | Kobokoboite | Al6(PO4)4(OH)6 · 11H2O |
| 8.DD.30 | Smamite | Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2] · 6H2O |
| 8.DD.35 | 'Gutsevichite' | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 8H2O |
| 8.DD.40 | 'Laubmannite (of Moore)' | (Fe3+,Fe2+,M)8+x(OH,H2O)9(H2O)2(PO4)5, M = Fe3+, Cu2+ or other metal cation, x ~ 0.1. |
Fluorescence of Planerite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube, it decrepitates, turns gray, and gives off a great deal of water that has a near neutral pH. In borax, it readily dissolves and gives a copper-colored glass.
Notes:
The powder is only slightly affected by acid. Easily decomposed in boiling NaOH.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Planerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3234.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Planerite
Reference List:
Foord, Eugene E., Taggart, Joseph E. (1998) A reexamination of the turquoise group: the mineral aheylite, planerite (redefined), turquoise and coeruleolactite. Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (1) 93-111 doi:10.1180/002646198547495
Gandomani, Elahe Mansouri, Rashidnejad-Omran, Nematollah, Emamjomeh, Amir, Vignola, Pietro, Hashemzadeh, Tahereh (2020) Electron microprobe study of turquoise-group solid solutions in the Neyshabour and Meydook mines, northeast and southern Iran. The Canadian Mineralogist, 58 (1) 71-83 doi:10.3749/canmin.1900004
Dumańska‐Słowik, Magdalena, Wesełucha‐Birczyńska, Aleksandra, Natkaniec‐Nowak, Lucyna, Gaweł, Adam, Włodek, Adam, Kulmaczewska, Katarzyna (2020) Blue or green? turquoise–planerite species from Carico Lake Valley in Nevada, the United States: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 51 (2). 346-356 doi:10.1002/jrs.5761
Localities for Planerite
Showing 56 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Birch et al. (1993) |
| Birch et al. (1993) |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection +1 other reference |
Burundi | |
| Vanrusselt (2023) |
Czech Republic | |
| research sample of E. E. Foord |
DR Congo | |
| Mills et al. (2010) |
France | |
| C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü et al. (1999) |
| de la Paix Izerumugaba et al. (2026) |
Germany | |
| Gerhard Möhn Collection. Identified by ... |
| Blaß (2002) |
| Blaß et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
Hungary | |
| collector: András Varga |
Iran | |
| Gandomani et al. (2020) |
| Gandomani et al. (2020) |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (2005) |
Italy | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
Japan | |
| Matsubara (1988) |
New Zealand | |
| Olivine nodules from Tokatoka et al. (1) |
Portugal | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Ribeiro et al. (2021) |
| |
| Pedro Alves collection. Characterized ... |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Romania | |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
Russia | |
| ... |
| [var: Copper-bearing Planerite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Planerite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pekov (1998) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross (2023) |
Spain | |
| Bareche (2005) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
Togo | |
| Wolfgang Hampel (XRD analysis) |
USA | |
| Wenrich (1997) |
| Thomas et al. (1983) |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
| Mineralogical Magazine et al. (1) |
| Arthur E. Smith (2008) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:112. |
| Martins da Pedra collection | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 113. +2 other references |
| Smith (1988) |
| Smith (1988) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:120. |
| Rocks & Min.:64:297-298. |
| Smith (1988) | |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Schooner (circa 1985) |
| Wenrich (1997) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| University 1837-1892 +3 other references |
| K. Cabaniss & L.E. Kearns (2011) |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
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Mount Ida, Montgomery County, Arkansas, USA