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Oldhamite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About OldhamiteHide

07229310017271925624205.jpg
Thomas Oldham
Formula:
CaS
Ca may be replaced by Mg.
Colour:
pale brown to dark brown
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
2.58
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Thomas Oldham (4 May 1816, Dublin, Ireland – 17 July 1878, Rugby, England), Director of the Indian Geological Survey (1850-1876).
Galena Group.

Known from several meteorites.

Terrestrial oldhamite is associated with pyrometamorpism (especially with coal fires). Quite unstable in air: hydrolysis makes it pass into portlandite.

Also occurs in anthropogenic blast furnace slag. As such, it may accumulate as much as 25 wt.% Mn and 8 wt.% K (Grapes, 2006).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2970
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2970:0

IMA Classification of OldhamiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CaS2-
First published:
1870

Classification of OldhamiteHide

2.CD.10

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
3.4.2

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
4 : Sulphides etc. of Group II metals other than Hg (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
OldIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
OldThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of OldhamiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of OldhamiteHide

Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale brown to dark brown
Comment:
tarnishes strongly on exposure to humid air
Hardness:
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
Density:
2.58 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.589 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of OldhamiteHide

Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.137
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Internal Reflections:
many
Comments:
colorless to pale brown in transmitted light

Chemistry of OldhamiteHide

Mindat Formula:
CaS

Ca may be replaced by Mg.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ca55.554 %
S44.446 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Ca
S
Common Impurities:
Mg,Na,Fe,Cu

Crystallography of OldhamiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Setting:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.6948 Å
Unit Cell V:
184.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
on synthetic material

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0011284OldhamiteWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York rocksalt structure Crystal Structures 1 85-23719630293
0018102OldhamiteOftedal I (1927) Die Gitterkonstanten von Ca O, Ca S, Ca Se, Ca Te. _cod_database_code 1011236 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 128 135-15819270293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.846 Å(100)
2.013 Å(70)
1.6439 Å(21)
1.2737 Å(20)
1.1627 Å(14)
1.4238 Å(10)
0.9491 Å(8)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Pre-terrestrial "Ur-minerals">4.57
1 : Stellar atmosphere condensates
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.561
4 : Primary chondrule phases4.566–4.561
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases4.566–4.560
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Type Occurrence of OldhamiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
single-crystal nodules, to 3 mm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 32100.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
enstatite chondrite meteorite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for OldhamiteHide

Dutch:Oldhamiet
German:Oldhamit
Simplified Chinese:陨硫钙石
Spanish:Oldhamita

Relationship of Oldhamite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of Galena Group:
AlabanditeMnSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
AltaitePbTeIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
ClausthalitePbSeIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
GalenaPbSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
NiningeriteMgSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Oldhamite associated with ShulamititeCa3TiFe3+AlO8
5 photos of Oldhamite associated with FluorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]
5 photos of Oldhamite associated with LarniteCa2SiO4
5 photos of Oldhamite associated with PortlanditeCa(OH)2
4 photos of Oldhamite associated with FluoriteCaF2
4 photos of Oldhamite associated with PericlaseMgO
3 photos of Oldhamite associated with CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
3 photos of Oldhamite associated with ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
3 photos of Oldhamite associated with SpurriteCa5(SiO4)2(CO3)
2 photos of Oldhamite associated with BazhenoviteCa8S2(S3)(S2O3)(OH)12 · 20H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CD.SvetlanaiteSnSeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CD.05TeallitePbSnS2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CD.05HerzenbergiteSnSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CD.10 va'Quiroguite'Pb23Sb6S32
2.CD.10ClausthalitePbSeIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.10Keilite(Fe2+,Mg)SIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.10AlabanditeMnSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.10NiningeriteMgSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.10GalenaPbSIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.10AltaitePbTeIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CD.15aCinnabarHgSTrig. 32 : P3121
2.CD.15bHypercinnabarHgSHex.

Other InformationHide

Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
tarnishes strongly on exposure to humid air
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for OldhamiteHide

References for OldhamiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for OldhamiteHide

Showing 75 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Africa
 
  • Sahara Desert
Gannoun et al. (2011) +3 other references
Piani et al. (2016)
Algeria
 
  • Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province
    • Bordj Badji Mokhtar District
      • Bordj Badji Mokhtar
Bischoff et al. (1992)
Angola
 
  • Cuanza Sul Province
    • Seles
      • Catanda
Campeny et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Antarctica
 
  • East Antarctica
    • Buckley Island quadrangle
      • Lewis Cliff
Grossman et al. (1993)
Bullock et al. (2012, March)
Lin et al. (1991)
    • Queen Maud Land
      • Queen Fabiola Mountains
El Gorsey et al. (1988)
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
bersite
Gannoun et al. (2011)
      • Elephant Moraine
FOGEL (1997)
      • Grosvenor Mountains
Keil et al. (2011)
      • Queen Alexandra Range
Weisberg et al. (1997)
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Southern Mallee District Council
      • Pinnaroo
Alderman (1940)
  • Western Australia
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Kambalda
Buseck et al. (1972)
Azerbaijan
 
  • Aghjabadi District
    • Hindarx
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • Alberta
    • Sturgeon County
Dawson +5 other references
  • Ontario
    • Renfrew County
      • Greater Madawaska
        • Blithfield Township
Mason (1966)
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Chañaral Province
      • Potrerillos
Thompson et al. (2004)
China
 
  • Guizhou
    • Guiyang
      • Qingzhen County
Daode Wang and Rambaldi (1988)
Estonia
 
  • Viljandi County
    • Pillistfer (Pilistvere)
Ramdohr (1972) +1 other reference
Finland
 
  • Satakunta
    • Huittinen
Binns (1969) +2 other references
  • Southwest Finland
    • Pargas
      • Nauvo
Ramdohr (1972)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Drôme
      • Nyons
        • Aubres
Watters et al. (1979)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Rodez
        • Sévérac-d'Aveyron
Eytier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004)
    • Haute-Garonne
      • Toulouse
        • Saint-Jory
Keil (1968)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Swabia
      • Ostallgäu District
        • Schwangau
Simon (2004) +2 other references
  • Brandenburg
    • Havelland
- (2010) +2 other references
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Kauern
Witzke et al. (1998)
India
 
  • Bihar
    • Muzaffarpur District
Bhandari et al. (1975)
  • Uttar Pradesh
    • Basti District
      • Gorakhpur
Binns (1969)
Israel
 
  • Southern District
    • Beersheba Subdistrict
      • Tamar Regional Council
Galuskin et al. (2015)
Galuskin et al. (2025)
        • Naẖal Gorer
Britvin et al. (2025)
Jordan
 
  • Amman Governorate
Vereshchagin et al. (2024)
      • Daba-Siwaqa complex
        • Hashem region
          • Lisdan-Siwaga Fault
            • Siwaga
              • Tulul al Hammam
Sokol +9 other references
  • Irbid Governorate
    • Maqarin area
Pitty et al. (2010)
Malawi
 
  • Central Region
    • Nkhotakota
Keil (1968)
Middle East
 
Vapnik et al. (2014)
Morocco
 
  • Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra Region
    • Tarfaya Province
      • Daoura-El Hagounia Cercle
        • El Hagounia Caïdat
Harold C. Connally (2007)
New Zealand
 
  • Taranaki Region
Ramdohr (1972)
Nigeria
 
  • Adamawa
    • Mayo-Belwa
Watters et al. (1979)
Northwest Africa Meteorites
 
Bunch et al. (2008)
Bunch et al. (2008)
Pakistan
 
  • Punjab Province
    • Bahawalpur District
Prior (1918) +1 other reference
    • Khushab District
Mason (1966)
  • Sindh Province
    • Khairpur District
Keil et al. (1965)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Nowa Ruda
        • Przygórze
          • Bolesław Mine
Kruszewski et al. (2012)
  • Lublin Voivodeship
    • Zamość County
The Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (August, 2000)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Siemianowice Śląskie
Kruszewski (2006)
Romania
 
  • Galați County
    • Galați
Hirtopanu (2006) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
    • Korkinsky District
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
Pekov (1998) +1 other reference
  • Kurgan Oblast
    • Vargashinsky District
Watters et al. (1979)
  • Mordovia
Ramdohr (1972)
South Africa
 
  • Eastern Cape
    • Chris Hani District Municipality
      • Intsika Yethu Local Municipality
Mason (1966)
  • Northern Cape
    • ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
      • Kgatelopele Local Municipality
        • Daniëlskuil
Prior (1918) +1 other reference
Sudan
 
  • Kassala
    • Gash delta
Hey et al. (10) +1 other reference
  • River Nile
Ahmed El Goresy et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Tanzania
 
  • Manyara Region
    • Babati District
Mason (1966)
Ukraine
 
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Gorlovka
      • Kalinin coal mine
Шарыгин (2015)
USA
 
  • California
    • El Dorado County
      • West Belt
        • Coloma Mining District
          • Coloma
            • Sutter Mill Bar and River (Old Sutter Mill site)
Zolensky (2014) +1 other reference
  • Colorado
    • Weld County
      • Johnstown
Ramdohr (1972)
  • Kansas
    • Norton County
Okada et al. (1984)
  • Kentucky
    • Whitley County
C. W. Neal & M. E. Lipschutz (1981)
  • Louisiana
    • Winn Parish
Keil (1968)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Warwick Township
        • Warwick (Saint Marys)
          • Hopewell Mines
Piatak et al. (2012)
  • South Carolina
    • Lee County
      • Bishopville
Watters et al. (1979)
  • Texas
    • Brewster County
      • Marathon
        • Gage Ranch
Katherina Lodders (1993)
    • Lubbock County
Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114) +1 other reference
Western Sahara
 
  • al-Saqiyah al-Hamra'a (Saguia el Hamra)
Patzer et al. (2001)
Yemen
 
  • Hadhramaut Governorate
Zolensky et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Mercury
 
  • Homer Basin
Vilas et al. (2014)
 
and/or  
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