Herzenbergite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Herzenbergite
Formula:
SnS
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
5.22
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After the chemist Dr Roberto Herzenberg (Libau, Kurland, in what is now Latvia, on September 19, 1885 - Santiago, Chile, October 24, 1955), an ethnic German from Riga, Latvia, who became head of the ore analysis laboratories for Bolivian "tin baron" Moritz (Mauricio) Hochschild in Oruro, Bolivia.
Herzenbergite-Teallite Series.
Discovered by Roberto Herzenberg, who named it "kolbeckine". A better description was later published by Ramdohr, who renamed it after Herzenberg.
Discovered by Roberto Herzenberg, who named it "kolbeckine". A better description was later published by Ramdohr, who renamed it after Herzenberg.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1880
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1880:3
IMA Classification of Herzenbergite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Herzenbergite
2.CD.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
2.8.24.
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.6.1
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hzb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Herzenbergite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Herzenbergite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
{001}
Density:
5.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.19 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Herzenbergite
Anisotropism:
Intense in oil, with yellow to red colors.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 45.9% | 52.9% |
| 420nm | 45.6% | 53.6% |
| 440nm | 45.2% | 53.8% |
| 460nm | 44.6% | 53.2% |
| 480nm | 44.0% | 52.2% |
| 500nm | 43.7% | 51.2% |
| 520nm | 43.6% | 50.6% |
| 540nm | 43.2% | 49.9% |
| 560nm | 42.3% | 48.8% |
| 580nm | 41.4% | 47.6% |
| 600nm | 40.7% | 46.6% |
| 620nm | 40.3% | 45.8% |
| 640nm | 40.0% | 45.0% |
| 660nm | 39.9% | 44.2% |
| 680nm | 39.6% | 43.7% |
| 700nm | 39.3% | 43.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 53.8%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
white
Internal Reflections:
dark red-brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
light to darker blue-white
Chemistry of Herzenbergite
Mindat Formula:
SnS
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Herzenbergite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.32 Å, b = 11.19 Å, c = 3.97 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.386 : 1 : 0.355
Unit Cell V:
191.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Massive fine-grained lamellar. Rarely as free-standing tabular crystals.
Comment:
Non-standard space group Pbnm.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010837 | Herzenbergite | Schnering H G, Wiedemeier H (1981) The high temperature structure of beta-SnS and beta-SnSe and the B16-to-B33 type gamma-transition path Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 156 143-150 |  | 1981 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0011463 | Herzenbergite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-237 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0018115 | Herzenbergite | Hofmann W (1935) Ergebnisse der Strukturbestimmung komplexer Sulfide. I: SnS und PbSnS2 _cod_database_code 1011253 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 92 161-173 | 1935 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.423 Å | (50) |
| 3.244 Å | (65) |
| 2.931 Å | (70) |
| 2.835 Å | (100) |
| 2.797 Å | (50) |
| 2.305 Å | (50) |
| 1.9921 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Synthetic.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Herzenbergite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, BM 1933,93 (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal sulfide.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Herzenbergite
Other Language Names for Herzenbergite
Dutch:Herzenbergiet
German:Herzenbergit
Russian:Герценбергит
Simplified Chinese:硫锡矿
Spanish:Herzenbergita
Varieties of Herzenbergite
Relationship of Herzenbergite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Varlamoffite | Sn1-xFexO2-x(OH) |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with 'Copper-bearing Planerite' | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
| 1 photo of Herzenbergite associated with Berndtite | SnS2 |
| 1 photo of Herzenbergite associated with Ottemannite | Sn2S3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CD. | Svetlanaite | SnSe |
| 2.CD.05 | Teallite | PbSnS2 |
| 2.CD.10 va | 'Quiroguite' | Pb23Sb6S32 |
| 2.CD.10 | Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 2.CD.10 | Keilite | (Fe2+,Mg)S |
| 2.CD.10 | Alabandite | MnS |
| 2.CD.10 | Niningerite | MgS |
| 2.CD.10 | Galena | PbS |
| 2.CD.10 | Altaite | PbTe |
| 2.CD.10 | Oldhamite | CaS |
| 2.CD.15a | Cinnabar | HgS |
| 2.CD.15b | Hypercinnabar | HgS |
Other Information
Notes:
Etch Reactions: HCl positive; KOH etching and brown precipitate; negative with HNO3, FeCl, HgCl2, and H2O2.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Herzenbergite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1880.html
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References for Herzenbergite
Reference List:
Ramdohr, Paul (1935) Vorkommen und Eigenschaften des Herzenbergits. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 92 (1-6). 186-189 doi:10.1524/zkri.1935.92.1.186
Chang, Luke L. Y., Brice, William R. (1971) The herzenbergite-teallite series. Mineralogical Magazine, 38 (294) 186-189 doi:10.1180/minmag.1971.038.294.07
Wiedemeier, Heribert; von Schnering, Hans Georg (1978) Refinement of the structures of GeS, GeSe, SnS and SnSe. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 148 (3). 295-303 doi:10.1524/zkri.1978.148.3-4.295
Del Bucchia, S., Jumas, J. C., Maurin, M. (1981) Contribution à l'étude de composés sulfurés d'étain(II): affinement de la structure de SnS. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 37 (10) 1903-1905 doi:10.1107/s0567740881007528
Localities for Herzenbergite
Showing 45 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia (TL) | |
| Dana 7:I:259-260. +1 other reference |
| Wilson (2001) +1 other reference |
| Torres et al. (2019) |
| [var: Montesite] See comment at ... +1 other reference |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) |
| Kempff et al. (2009) |
China | |
| Pašava et al. (2003) |
| Peng et al. (1999) | |
| Bingjie Wei et al. (1986) | |
| Mineral Deposits 4 (1) +1 other reference | |
| Shihai Cai (1994) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2001) |
| Škoda +3 other references |
Finland | |
| Luukkonen (1994) |
| Sunblad (2008) |
| Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin ... +1 other reference |
| Alviola |
Japan | |
| Min. Jour. (Japan) +1 other reference |
| Miyahisa & Noda (1984) +1 other reference |
| Aoki (1971) |
Norway | |
| Cook et al. (1998) |
Peru | |
| Benites et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Gomes (2000) |
Russia | |
| Barkov et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Kozlov et al. (n.d.) |
| Riabeva et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
Spain | |
| Murciego et al. (2000) |
| Pascua et al. (1997) | |
Sweden | |
| Smeds (1993) +1 other reference |
| Burke et al. (1990) |
| Černý et al. (2004) |
| Mineralogical Magazine |
| Smeds (1993) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ... |
UK | |
| www.mindat.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Lapham et al. (1980) |
| Finkelman et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
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Maria-Teresa Mine, Huari, Eduardo Abaroa Province, Oruro, Bolivia