Apuanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Apuanite
Formula:
Fe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12S
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
5.33
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
For the Apuan Alps, Italy, where it was found.
This page provides mineralogical data about Apuanite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
285
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:285:5
Similar Names
| Apaneeite | A synonym of 'Nepheline-bearing apatitolite' |
| Aphanite | A rock subtype |
| Appinite | A synonym of 'Hornblende diorite' |
IMA Classification of Apuanite
Classification of Apuanite
4.JA.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
A : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; without additional anions, without H2O
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
A : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; without additional anions, without H2O
45.1.9.1
45 : ACID AND NORMAL ANTIMONITES AND ARSENITES
1 : Miscellaneous
45 : ACID AND NORMAL ANTIMONITES AND ARSENITES
1 : Miscellaneous
4.10
4 : Oxysulphides
4 : Oxysulphides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Apu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Apuanite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=240 - 480 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {110}
on {110}
Density:
5.33 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.22 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Apuanite
Type:
Uniaxial
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 470nm | 19.1% | 20.8% |
| 546nm | 21.9% | 19.6% |
| 589nm | 21.6% | 18.4% |
| 650nm | 19.6% | 16.9% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 21.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Apuanite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12S
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Apuanite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mbc
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.372 Å, c = 17.974 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.147
Unit Cell V:
1,259.80 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, thick-tabular on {001} and bounded by {110}, {112} and {114}.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000751 | Apuanite | Mellini M, Merlino S (1979) Versliaite and apuanite: Derivative structures related to schafarzikite American Mineralogist 64 1235-1242 |  | 1979 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.168 Å | (100) |
| 1.922 Å | (47) |
| 2.957 Å | (43) |
| 1.647 Å | (30) |
| 2.646 Å | (23) |
| 2.434 Å | (17) |
| 5.90 Å | (15) |
Comments:
Recorded on material from the type locality.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Apuanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Commonly massive; rarely as prismatic, thick tabular crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (No. 3202)
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In an iron deposit, in baryte; formed by low-grade metamorphic processes at the contact between phyllites and dolostones.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Apuanite
Other Language Names for Apuanite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 11 photos of Apuanite associated with Versiliaite | Fe2Fe4Sb6O16S |
| 10 photos of Apuanite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 9 photos of Apuanite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 5 photos of Apuanite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4 photos of Apuanite associated with Schafarzikite | Fe2+Sb3+2O4 |
| 3 photos of Apuanite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 2 photos of Apuanite associated with Cinnabar | HgS |
| 1 photo of Apuanite associated with Stibivanite | Sb2VO5 |
| 1 photo of Apuanite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Apuanite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.JA.05 | Leiteite | Zn(As2O4) |
| 4.JA.10 | Reinerite | Zn3(AsO3)2 |
| 4.JA.15 | Karibibite | Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH) |
| 4.JA.20 | Manganoschafarzikite | MnSb2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Trippkeite | Cu2+As3+2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Schafarzikite | Fe2+Sb3+2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Kusachiite | CuBi2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Igelströmite | Fe3+(Sb3+Pb2+)O4 |
| 4.JA.30 | Versiliaite | Fe2Fe4Sb6O16S |
| 4.JA.35 | Schneiderhöhnite | Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13 |
| 4.JA.40 | Zimbabweite | (Na,K)2PbAs4(Ta,Nb,Ti)4O18 |
| 4.JA.45 | Ludlockite | PbFe3+4As3+10O22 |
| 4.JA.50 | Paulmooreite | Pb2[As2O5] |
| 4.JA.55 | Stibivanite | Sb2VO5 |
| 4.JA.60 | Chadwickite | (UO2)[HAsO3] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Apuanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-285.html
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References for Apuanite
Reference List:
Mellini, Marcello, Merlino, Stefano, Orlandi, Paolo (1979) Versiliaite and apuanite, two new minerals from the Apuan Alps, Italy. American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12) 1230-1234
Mellini, Marcello, Merlino, Stefano (1979) Versiliaite and apuanite: derivative structures related to schafarzikite. American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12) 1235-1242
Localities for Apuanite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy (TL) | |
| Mellini et al. (1979) +2 other references |
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Buca della Vena Mine, Pontestazzemese, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy