Kusachiite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kusachiite
Isao Kusachi
Formula:
CuBi2O4
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
8.5
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named in 1995 by Chiyoko Henmi in honor of Dr. Isao Kusachi (草地功) (14 September 1942, Okayama prefecture, Japan - ), Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, in recognition of his work on skarn minerals from Fuka. He authored/coauthored the description of about 10 new minerals.
This page provides mineralogical data about Kusachiite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2297
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2297:8
IMA Classification of Kusachiite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+Bi3+2O4
Approval year:
1992
First published:
1995
Classification of Kusachiite
4.JA.20
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
A : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; without additional anions, without H2O
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
A : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; without additional anions, without H2O
7.2.6.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kus | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kusachiite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=292 - 357 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect {110}
Perfect {110}
Density:
8.5(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 8.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kusachiite
Type:
Uniaxial
Anisotropism:
Weak to distinct
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) | imR1 (%) | imR2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 482nm | 19.0% | 21.1% | 6.5% | 7.8% |
| 545nm | 18.0% | 20.2% | 6.3% | 7.1% |
| 589nm | 17.6% | 19.7% | 5.8% | 6.7% |
| 659nm | 17.3% | 19.5% | 5.5% | 6.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 21.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
Deep red to dark brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Gray, with faint bluish tint, and brownish gray
Chemistry of Kusachiite
Mindat Formula:
CuBi2O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kusachiite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/nnc
Setting:
P4/nnc
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.511(2) Å, c = 5.823(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.684
Unit Cell V:
421.80 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Short prismatic crystals, to 0.5 mm; in globular aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013258 | Kusachiite | Garcia-Munoz J L, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Sapina F, Sanchis M J, Ibanez R, Beltran-Porter D (1990) Crystal and magnetic structures of Bi2CuO4 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2 2205-2214 | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0013257 | Kusachiite | Garcia-Munoz J L, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Sapina F, Sanchis M J, Ibanez R, Beltran-Porter D (1990) Crystal and magnetic structures of Bi2CuO4 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2 2205-2214 | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0013256 | Kusachiite | Garcia-Munoz J L, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Sapina F, Sanchis M J, Ibanez R, Beltran-Porter D (1990) Crystal and magnetic structures of Bi2CuO4 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2 2205-2214 | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0013255 | Kusachiite | Garcia-Munoz J L, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Sapina F, Sanchis M J, Ibanez R, Beltran-Porter D (1990) Crystal and magnetic structures of Bi2CuO4 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2 2205-2214 | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012142 | Kusachiite | Boivin J, Trehoux J, Thomas D (1976) Etude structurale de CuBi2O4 _cod_database_code 1004051 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie 99 193-196 | 1976 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.191 Å | (100) |
| 2.695 Å | (18) |
| 1.947 Å | (18) |
| 4.26 Å | (17) |
| 2.913 Å | (16) |
| 2.404 Å | (13) |
| 1.728 Å | (12) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Kusachiite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Prismatic crystals up to 0.5 mm long and globular aggregates up to 2 mm in diameter, on calcite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Low-temperature hydrothermal origin in skarn.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kusachiite
Other Language Names for Kusachiite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.JA.05 | Leiteite | Zn(As2O4) |
| 4.JA.10 | Reinerite | Zn3(AsO3)2 |
| 4.JA.15 | Karibibite | Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH) |
| 4.JA.20 | Manganoschafarzikite | MnSb2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Trippkeite | Cu2+As3+2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Schafarzikite | Fe2+Sb3+2O4 |
| 4.JA.20 | Igelströmite | Fe3+(Sb3+Pb2+)O4 |
| 4.JA.25 | Apuanite | Fe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12S |
| 4.JA.30 | Versiliaite | Fe2Fe4Sb6O16S |
| 4.JA.35 | Schneiderhöhnite | Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13 |
| 4.JA.40 | Zimbabweite | (Na,K)2PbAs4(Ta,Nb,Ti)4O18 |
| 4.JA.45 | Ludlockite | PbFe3+4As3+10O22 |
| 4.JA.50 | Paulmooreite | Pb2[As2O5] |
| 4.JA.55 | Stibivanite | Sb2VO5 |
| 4.JA.60 | Chadwickite | (UO2)[HAsO3] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kusachiite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2297.html
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References for Kusachiite
Reference List:
Boivin, Jean-Claude, Trehoux, Jacques, Thomas, Daniel (1976) Étude structurale de CuBi2O4. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 99 (4) 193-196 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1976.7065
Garcia-Munoz, J L, Rodriguez-Carvajal, J, Sapina, F, Sanchis, M J, Ibanez, R, Beltran-Porter, D (1990) Crystal and magnetic structures of Bi2CuO4. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2 (9). 2205-2214 doi:10.1088/0953-8984/2/9/010
Henmi, Chiyoko (1995) Kusachiite, CuBi2O4, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 59 (396) 545-548 doi:10.1180/minmag.1995.059.396.14
Hahn, Nathan T., Holmberg, Vincent C., Korgel, Brian A., Mullins, C. Buddie (2012) Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of p-CuBi2O4 Thin Film Photocathodes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116 (10). 6459-6466 doi:10.1021/jp210130v
Localities for Kusachiite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Japan (TL) | |
| Henmi (1995) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2016) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2018) |
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Fuka mine, Fuka, Bitchū, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan