Mannardite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Mannardite
George W. Mannard
Formula:
Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16
Formerly defined as BaxTi8-2xV2xO16·2-xH2O.
Colour:
Jet black
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
7
Specific Gravity:
4.12
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
The name honors Dr. George William Mannard (1932-1982), Canadian exploration geologist and mining executive, president of Kidd Creek Mines Ltd., for his long-standing interest in minerals and mineral deposits of British Columbia.
V analogue of redledgeite.
May stand for a vanadium ore in some black-schist deposits (Yang et al., 2023).
May stand for a vanadium ore in some black-schist deposits (Yang et al., 2023).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2567
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2567:2
Similar Names
| Mahnertite | A valid IMA mineral species | NaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2O |
| Monradite |
IMA Classification of Mannardite
Classification of Mannardite
4.DK.05b
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
7.9.5.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
7.12.17
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
12 : Oxides of V, Nb and Ta
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
12 : Oxides of V, Nb and Ta
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Man | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Mannardite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Jet black
Streak:
White to grayish-white
Hardness:
7 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Prominent {100} cleavage.
Prominent {100} cleavage.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.12 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.28 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density of a Cr-free mannardite from Gacun Mine, Sichuan, China is 4.43 g/cm3; microindentation hardness measured on a sample coming from this locality is 609 Kg/mm2.
Optical Data of Mannardite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.26(1) nε = 2.42
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.160
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Anisotropism:
Strong; light pinkish-grey (Ro) to dark brownish-grey (Re).
Bireflectance:
Distinct; shades of light to dark brown.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 16.5% | 18.0% |
| 420nm | 16.3% | 17.6% |
| 440nm | 16.0% | 17.2% |
| 460nm | 15.7% | 17.0% |
| 480nm | 15.5% | 16.9% |
| 500nm | 15.4% | 17.0% |
| 520nm | 15.2% | 17.2% |
| 540nm | 15.1% | 17.4% |
| 560nm | 15.0% | 17.7% |
| 580nm | 15.0% | 17.9% |
| 600nm | 15.0% | 18.1% |
| 620nm | 15.0% | 18.3% |
| 640nm | 15.0% | 18.4% |
| 660nm | 15.0% | 18.5% |
| 680nm | 15.1% | 18.6% |
| 700nm | 15.1% | 18.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 18.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Pale reddish brown
Internal Reflections:
None
Chemistry of Mannardite
Mindat Formula:
Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16
Formerly defined as BaxTi8-2xV2xO16·2-xH2O.
Formerly defined as BaxTi8-2xV2xO16·2-xH2O.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Mannardite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.356 Å, c = 5.911 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.412
Unit Cell V:
1,218.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic, bounded by {110} and {001} (and rare {100}). Elongated along [001], flattened on {100}, bent or twisted about [001], deeply striated ‖ elongation. Also in fan-like aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018319 | Mannardite | Shi N, Ma Z, Liu W (1991) Crystal structure determination of ankangite with one dimensional incommensurate modulation Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 10 233-245 | 1991 | Shiti barite deposit, Ankang County, Shaanxi, China | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018318 | Mannardite | Shi N, Ma Z, Liu W (1991) Crystal structure determination of ankangite with one dimensional incommensurate modulation Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 10 233-245 | 1991 | Shiti barite deposit, Ankang County, Shaanxi, China | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009328 | Mannardite | Shi-bin X, Hai-fu F, Xiao-jing W, Fang-hua L (1990) Direct methods in superspace. II The first application to an unknown incommensurate modulated structure Acta Crystallographica A46 929-934 |  | 1990 | Shiti barite deposit, Ankang County, Shaanxi, China | 0 | 293 |
| 0005210 | Mannardite | Szymanski J T (1986) The crystal structure of mannardite, a new hydrated cryptomelane-group (hollandite) mineral with a doubled short axis The Canadian Mineralogist 24 67-78 |  | 1986 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.201 Å | (100) 420 |
| 1.586 Å | (80) 732 |
| 2.473 Å | (70) 312 |
| 1.887 Å | (70) 352 |
| 2.224 Å | (50) 332 |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Mannardite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Millimetre-sized euhedral black crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 64197.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M40292, M40293.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1983,68 and 1983,69.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 150275, 150337, 162567.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M40292, M40293.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1983,68 and 1983,69.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 150275, 150337, 162567.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Geological setting is represented by quartz veins embedded in the Gunsteel Fm., a paleozoic formation rich in baryte. Mannardite was found in three different kind of veins: type A, in association with barytocalcite and norsethite; type B, in which almost barytocalcite has been altered to baryte, in association with rare norsethite and sulvanite; type C, only with quartz and barytocalcite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Mannardite
Other Language Names for Mannardite
Relationship of Mannardite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Priderite Group:
| Henrymeyerite | Ba(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
| Kopernikite | K(Ti7Cr3+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
| Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
| Redledgeite | Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16 | Tet. |
| 'UM1994-09-O:CrKTi' | Compare UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi and UM1994-08-O:CaFeKMgTi. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DK.K | Thalliomelane | Tl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16 |
| 4.DK. | Ferrihollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK. | Kopernikite | K(Ti7Cr3+)O16 |
| 4.DK.4.DK. | Ferricoronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK.05a | Manjiroite | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| 4.DK.05b | Redledgeite | Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK.05 | Akaganeite | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O |
| 4.DK.05a | Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK.05a | Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK.05a | Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| 4.DK.05a | Strontiomelane | Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| 4.DK.05b | Henrymeyerite | Ba(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16 |
| 4.DK.05b | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 |
| 4.DK.10 | Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| 4.DK.10 | Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Mannardite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2567.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Mannardite
Reference List:
Scott, J. D., Peatfield, G. R. (1986) Mannardite [Ba·H2O](Ti6V3+2)O16, a new mineral species, and new data on redledgeite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 55-66
Szymański, J. T. (1986) The crystal structure of mannardite, a new hydrated cryptomelane-group (hollandite) mineral with a doubled short axis. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 67-78
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2012) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2012. CNMNC Newsletter No 13. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (3) 807-817 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.26
Biagioni, Cristian, Capalbo, Carmen, Pasero, Marco (2013) Nomenclature tunings in the hollandite supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (1) 85-90 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2255
Yang, Lifei, Li, Zenghua, Ouyang, Yongpeng, Deng, Teng, Deng, Youguo, Xu, Deru (2024) Mannardite as the main vanadium-hosting mineral in black shale-hosted vanadium deposits, South China. American Mineralogist, 109 (2) 359-373 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8903
Schmidt, Ella Mara; Morana, Marta; Biagioni, Cristian; Minelli, Arianna; Bosak, Alexei; Lepore, Giovanni Orazio (2026) Coupled intra- and inter-tunnel short-range order in hollandites: a case study of mannardite Ba[(Ti4+)6(V3+)2]O16. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 82 (4). p.439-446. doi:10.1107/s2052520626006803
Localities for Mannardite
Showing 25 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Dr Jaroslav Hyrsl specimen |
| Tony Nikischer specimen and analysis +1 other reference | |
Canada (TL) | |
| Scott et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Scott et al. (1986) |
China | |
| Yang et al. (2024) |
| Yang et al. (2024) | |
| Yang et al. (2024) | |
| Yang et al. (2024) | |
| Yang et al. (2026) | |
| Xiong Ming et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Fengyi Chen et al. (1984) +2 other references |
Italy | |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Nagashima et al. (2026) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Karpenko et al. (2011) |
| Karpenko et al. (2011) |
| Uranium One |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Karpenko et al. (2011) |
| Karpenko et al. (2011) | |
Poland | |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation) |
Russia | |
| Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society 136 (5) +3 other references |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) | |
| Menshikov et al. (2015) |
South Africa | |
| Mitchell et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
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Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy