Verbeekite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Verbeekite
Formula:
PdSe2
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
7.211 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Dr. Theodore Verbeek (born at Kinrooi, Belgium September 27th 1927 and passed away in Toronto on April 20th 1991), for his work on the Se-Pd mineralization of the Musonoi deposit.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
25640
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:25640:1
IMA Classification of Verbeekite
Approved
Approval year:
2001
Type description reference:
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Classification of Verbeekite
2.EA.25
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
A : M:S = 1:2 - With Cu, Ag, Au
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
A : M:S = 1:2 - With Cu, Ag, Au
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Vbk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Verbeekite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN5=490 - 610 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
7.211 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Verbeekite
Anisotropism:
Moderate with brown tints
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) | imR1 (%) | imR2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 50.05% | 50.75% | 37.00% | 37.85% |
| 420nm | 50.20% | 51.20% | 37.00% | 38.00% |
| 440nm | 50.30% | 51.65% | 37.00% | 38.25% |
| 460nm | 50.60% | 52.25% | 36.95% | 38.40% |
| 470nm | 50.80% | 52.30% | 37.00% | 38.40% |
| 480nm | 50.90% | 52.50% | 37.00% | 38.40% |
| 500nm | 51.20% | 52.55% | 37.05% | 38.35% |
| 520nm | 51.40% | 52.60% | 37.35% | 38.25% |
| 540nm | 51.70% | 52.80% | 37.70% | 38.30% |
| 546nm | 51.85% | 52.90% | 37.75% | 38.30% |
| 560nm | 52.00% | 53.15% | 37.85% | 38.40% |
| 580nm | 52.10% | 53.45% | 38.25% | 38.70% |
| 589nm | 52.20% | 53.55% | 38.50% | 38.60% |
| 600nm | 52.25% | 53.65% | 38.40% | 38.90% |
| 620nm | 52.30% | 53.75% | 38.60% | 39.15% |
| 640nm | 52.35% | 53.90% | 38.65% | 39.40% |
| 650nm | 52.40% | 54.00% | 38.80% | 39.60% |
| 660nm | 52.40% | 54.10% | 38.90% | 39.80% |
| 680nm | 52.45% | 54.25% | 39.10% | 40.10% |
| 700nm | 52.50% | 54.35% | 39.30% | 40.45% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 54.35%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Verbeekite
Mindat Formula:
PdSe2
Elements listed:
CAS Registry number:
Crystallography of Verbeekite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.659(7) Å, b = 4.124(5) Å, c = 4.438(6) Å
β = 92.76(3)°
β = 92.76(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.615 : 1 : 1.076
Unit Cell V:
121.7 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Anhedral grains to 200 microns.
Comment:
space group : C2/m, C2 or Cm
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.423 Å | (30) |
| 3.496 Å | (30) |
| 2.718 Å | (100) |
| 1.955 Å | (50) |
| 1.896 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Verbeekite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral grains to 200 μm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, UK, number BM2001,4.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Synonyms of Verbeekite
Other Language Names for Verbeekite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Verbeekite associated with Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.EA. | Radvaniceite | GeS2 |
| 2.EA. | Zavyalovite | Ag2TeS3 |
| 2.EA.05 | Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| 2.EA.10 | Calaverite | AuTe2 |
| 2.EA.15 | Kostovite | CuAuTe4 |
| 2.EA.15 | Krennerite | Au3AgTe8 |
| 2.EA.20 | Melonite | NiTe2 |
| 2.EA.20 | Merenskyite | PdTe2 |
| 2.EA.20 | Ognitite | NiBiTe |
| 2.EA.20 | Shuangfengite | IrTe2 |
| 2.EA.20 | Berndtite | SnS2 |
| 2.EA.20 | Sudovikovite | PtSe2 |
| 2.EA.20 | Kitkaite | NiTeSe |
| 2.EA.20 | Moncheite | Pt(Te,Bi)2 |
| 2.EA.30 | Drysdallite | MoSe2 |
| 2.EA.30 | Jordisite | MoS2 |
| 2.EA.30 | Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| 2.EA.30 | Tungstenite | WS2 |
| 2.EA.40 | Pampaloite | AuSbTe |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Verbeekite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-25640.html
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References for Verbeekite
Reference List:
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Mandarino, Joseph A. (2002) New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (4) 1215-1234 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1215
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Localities for Verbeekite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Roberts et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Roberts et al. (2002) |
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Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo