Named in 1968 by Peter H. Nixon and George Hornung in honor of Oleg Von Knorring [1915 Novgorod, Russia - 1994 Leeds, England, UK], a research geochemist at University of Helsinki, Finland and later Professor of Mineralogy, University of Leeds, England and associated with the Research Institute of African Geology. He specialized in granite pegmatite mineralogy and named: bertossaite, burangite, cerotungstite, holdawayite, karibibite, kennedyite, mboziite, mpororoite, namibite, rankamaite, waylandite, and westgrenite.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kao Mine, Butha-Buthe District, Lesotho

Garnet Group. Knorringite-Pyrope Series.

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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2229

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2229:9

IMA Classification of KnorringiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1968

First published:

1968

Type description reference:

Nixon, Peter H., Hornung, George (1968) A new chromium garnet end member, knorringite, from Kimberlite. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1833-1840

Classification of KnorringiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.AD.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

51.4.3a.4

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups Only
4 : Insular SiO₄ Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.15.3

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
15 : Silicates of Cr

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Krr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KnorringiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Green, blue

Streak:

White

Hardness:

6 - 7 on Mohs scale

Density:

3.756 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.852 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of KnorringiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 1.803

Surface Relief:

Very High

Chemistry of KnorringiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mg₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	42.368 %
Cr	22.948 %
Si	18.593 %
Mg	16.091 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cr, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Al,Fe,Mn,Ca

Crystallography of KnorringiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Ia3d

Setting:

Ia3d

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.65 Å

Unit Cell V:

1,581.17 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0004999	Knorringite	Juhin A, Morin G, Elkaim E, Frost D J, Fialin M, Juillot F, Calas G (2010) Structure refinement of a synthetic knorringite, Mg3(Cr0.8Mg0.1Si0.1)2(SiO4)3 American Mineralogist 95 59-63		2010	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Knorringite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Juhin A'
'Morin G'
'Elkaim E'
'Frost D J'
'Fialin M'
'Juillot F'
'Calas G'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 95 
_journal_year 2010
_journal_page_first 59
_journal_page_last 63
_publ_section_title
;
 Structure refinement of a synthetic knorringite, Mg3(Cr0.8Mg0.1Si0.1)2(SiO4)3
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004999
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Cr1.68 Mg3.16 Si3.16 O12'
_cell_length_a 11.5935
_cell_length_b 11.5935
_cell_length_c 11.5935
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1558.273
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.793
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I a -3 d'
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  '3/4-z,1/4-y,1/4+x'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
CrY   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.84000   0.00431
MgY   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.08000   0.00431
SiY   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.08000   0.00431
MgX   0.12500   0.00000   0.25000   1.00000   0.01418
SiZ   0.37500   0.00000   0.25000   1.00000   0.00583
O   0.03480   0.05160   0.65710   1.00000   0.01368

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.92 Å	(100)
2.61 Å	(100)
2.382 Å	(80)
1.560 Å	(80)
2.489 Å	(60)
2.288 Å	(60)
1.894 Å	(60)

Comments:

Kao kimberlite pipe, Lesotho. Data from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of KnorringiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kao Mine, Butha-Buthe District, Lesotho

General Appearance of Type Material:

Massive and as minute grains.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Ultramafic kimberlite nodules.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	Diamond	Enstatite	Ilmenite	Olivine Group
Omphacite	Perovskite	Rutile	Zircon

Reference:

Nixon, Peter H., Hornung, George (1968) A new chromium garnet end member, knorringite, from Kimberlite. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1833-1840

Synonyms of KnorringiteHide

IMA1968-010

Other Language Names for KnorringiteHide

Dutch:Knorringiet

German:Knorringit

Spanish:Knorringita

Relationship of Knorringite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Garnet Group > Garnet Supergroup

Other Members of Garnet Group:

Almandine	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
'Blythite'	Mn²⁺₃Mn³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
Calderite	Mn²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Eringaite	Ca₃Sc₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Goldmanite	Ca₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
'Khoharite'	Mg₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Menzerite-(Y)	(Y₂Ca)Mg₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Momoiite	Mn²⁺₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Morimotoite	Ca₃(TiFe²⁺)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Rubinite	Ca₃Ti³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
'Skiagite'	Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
Spessartine	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
'UM1984-37-SiO:CrMn'	Mn²⁺₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d

Forms a series with:

Pyrope

Knorringite-Pyrope Series

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.AD.	Adrianite	Ca₁₂(Al₄Mg₃Si₇)O₃₂Cl₆	Iso. 43m : I43d
9.AD.05	Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄	Mon. 2/m
9.AD.10	Calcio-olivine	Ca₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AD.15	Merwinite	Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AD.20	Bredigite	Ca₇Mg(SiO₄)₄	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
9.AD.25	Midbarite	Ca₃Mg₂(V⁵⁺₂Si)O₁₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Menzerite-(Y)	(Y₂Ca)Mg₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Eltyubyuite	Ca₁₂Fe³⁺₁₀Si₄O₃₂Cl₆	Iso. 43m : I43d
9.AD.25	Eringaite	Ca₃Sc₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Henritermierite	Ca₃Mn³⁺₂(SiO₄)₂[◻(OH)₄]	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.AD.25 va	'Hydrougrandite'	(Ca,Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Fe³⁺,Al)₂[(OH)₄(SiO₄)₂]	Iso.
9.AD.25	Calderite	Mn²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Nikmelnikovite	Ca₁₂(Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₃Al₃◻)[SiO₄]₆[◻(OH)₄]₅◻₄	Trig. 3 : R3
9.AD.25	Hutcheonite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Wadalite	(Ca,Mg)₆(Al,Fe³⁺)₄((Si,Al)O₄)₃O₄Cl₃	Iso. 43m : I43d
9.AD.25	Rubinite	Ca₃Ti³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Kerimasite	Ca₃Zr₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Holtstamite	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₂[◻(OH)₄]	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.AD.25	Spessartine	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Toturite	Ca₃Sn₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Kimzeyite	Ca₃Zr₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	'Khoharite'	Mg₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Irinarassite	Ca₃Sn₂(SiO₄)(AlO₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Goldmanite	Ca₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	'Blythite'	Mn²⁺₃Mn³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
9.AD.25	'Skiagite'	Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂[SiO₄]₃
9.AD.25	'UM1984-37-SiO:CrMn'	Mn²⁺₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Almandine	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25 va	'Yamatoite'	(Mn²⁺,Ca)₃(V³⁺,Al)₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso.
9.AD.25	Momoiite	Mn²⁺₃V³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Morimotoite	Ca₃(TiFe²⁺)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.25	Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.AD.30	Hafnon	Hf(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Coffinite	U(SiO₄) · nH₂O	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30	Thorite	Th(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.30 va	'Auerlite'	near Th(Si,P)O₄
9.AD.30	Stetindite-(Ce)	Ce⁴⁺SiO₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
9.AD.35	'Tombarthite-(Y)'	Y₄(Si,H₄)₄O_12-x(OH)_4+2x	Mon.
9.AD.35	Huttonite	ThSiO₄	Mon. 2/m
9.AD.40	Eulytine	Bi₄(SiO₄)₃	Iso. 43m : I43d
9.AD.45	Reidite	Zr(SiO₄)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
9.AD.55	Jeffbenite	Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂	Tet. 42m : I42d

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KnorringiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-2229.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for KnorringiteHide

Reference List:

Nixon, Peter H., Hornung, George (1968) A new chromium garnet end member, knorringite, from Kimberlite. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1833-1840

Ringwood, A.E. (1977): Synthesis of pyrope-knorringite solid solution series. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 443-448.

(2001) Knorringite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Juhin, A., Morin, G., Elkaim, E., Frost, D.J., Fialin, M., Juillot, F., Calas, G. (2010): Structure refinement of a synthetic knorringite, Mg3(Cr0.8Mg0.1Si0.1)2(SiO4)3. American Mineralogist, 95, 59-63.

Bindi, L., Sirotkina, E.A., Bobrov, A.V., Irifune, T. (2014): Chromium solubility in perovskite at high pressure: The structure of (Mg1-xCrx)(Si1-xCrx)O3 (with x = 0.07) synthesized at 23 GPa and 1600 °C. American Mineralogist, 99, 866-869.

Localities for KnorringiteHide

Showing 4 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica
East Antarctica Buckley Island quadrangle Lewis Cliff ⓘ Lewis Cliff 88774 meteorite	Goodrich et al. (2001)

Canada
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Réservoir-Dozois ⓘ Cabonga Reservoir	Olivier Langelier Collection

Lesotho (TL)
Butha-Buthe District ⓘ Kao Mine (TL)	Nixon et al. (1968)

USA
California Nevada County Washington Mining District (Omega Mining District) Washington ⓘ Red Ledge Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

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Knorringite

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of KnorringiteHide

Classification of KnorringiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of KnorringiteHide

Optical Data of KnorringiteHide

Chemistry of KnorringiteHide

Crystallography of KnorringiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of KnorringiteHide

Synonyms of KnorringiteHide

Other Language Names for KnorringiteHide

Relationship of Knorringite to other SpeciesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for KnorringiteHide

References for KnorringiteHide

Localities for KnorringiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide