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Darapiosite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About DarapiositeHide

Formula:
KNa2Mn2(Zn2Li)[Si12O30]
IMA formula shows the T2 site is (Li2Zn), but this combination doesn't allow the overall formula to charge balance, and appears to be a typo.

In Gagné & Hawthorne (2016), the T2 site is instead shown as (LiZn2), and this combination does charge balance the overall formula.
Colour:
Colourless, white, brownish, bluish, pale violet
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
2.92
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for the Darai-Pioz massif, Tajikistan, the type locality.
Osumilite Group. The Li-dominant analogue of dusmatovite, which is chemically similar. Also the Mn analogue of sugilite. Chemically somewhat similar to manganoneptunite and watatsumiite.

Structural characteristics: (1) dominance of Li at the T2 site; (2) dominance of Na at the B site.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1225
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1225:2

IMA Classification of DarapiositeHide

Classification of DarapiositeHide

9.CM.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
M : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered double rings (sechser-Doppelringe)
63.2.1a.3

63 : CYCLOSILICATES Condensed Rings
2 : Condensed Rings (Milarite - Osumilite group)
14.10.29

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
10 : Silicates of Zr or Hf

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
DarIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
DarThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of DarapiositeHide

Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, white, brownish, bluish, pale violet
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Density:
2.92 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of DarapiositeHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.580(2) nε = 1.575(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.005
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
A blue variety is pleochroic, with O = violet, E = blue.

Chemistry of DarapiositeHide

Mindat Formula:
KNa2Mn2(Zn2Li)[Si12O30]

IMA formula shows the T2 site is (Li2Zn), but this combination doesn't allow the overall formula to charge balance, and appears to be a typo.

In Gagné & Hawthorne (2016), the T2 site is instead shown as (LiZn2), and this combination does charge balance the overall formula.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O41.750 %
Si29.315 %
Zn11.374 %
Mn9.557 %
Na3.999 %
K3.401 %
Li0.604 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Common Impurities:
TR,Fe,Nb,Ca

Crystallography of DarapiositeHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6/mcc
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.32 Å, c = 14.39 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.394
Unit Cell V:
1,327.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
parameters from the crystal structure determination: a=10.262, c=14.3198, V=1271.1

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005605DarapiositeFerraris G, Prencipe M, Puatov L A, Sokolova E V (1999) The crystal structure of darapiosite and a comparison with Li- and Zn-bearing minerals of the milarite group The Canadian Mineralogist 37 769-77419990293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of DarapiositeHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains 0.2 - 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman Mineral Museum, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alkatic massif.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for DarapiositeHide

Relationship of Darapiosite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of Osumilite Group:
Agakhanovite-(Y)K◻2(YCa)Be3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
AlmaruditeK◻2Mn2+2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
AluminosugiliteKNa2Al2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
ArmeniteBa(H2O)2Ca2Al3[Al3Si9O30]Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnna
BerezanskiteK◻2Ti2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
BrannockiteK◻2Sn2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
ChayesiteK◻2Mg2(Mg2Fe3+)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
DusmatoviteK(K◻)Mn2+2Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
EifeliteKNa2(MgNa)Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
FriedrichbeckeiteK(◻Na)Mg2(Be2Mg)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
KlöchiteK◻2(Fe2+Fe3+)Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
LaurentthomasiteK◻2Mg2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
MerrihueiteK(◻Na)Fe2+2Fe2+3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
MilariteK(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
OftedaliteK◻2(ScCa)Be3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
OsumiliteK◻2Fe2+2Al3[Al2Si10O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
Osumilite-(Mg)K◻2Mg2Al3[Al2Si10O30] Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
PlechoviteCa2[K(H2O)]KBe3Si12O30Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
PoudretteiteK◻2Na2B3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
RoedderiteK(◻Na)Mg2Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6m2 : P62c
ShibkoviteK(◻K)Ca2Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
SogdianiteK◻2Zr2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
SugiliteKNa2Fe3+2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
Trattnerite◻(◻)2Fe3+2Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
'UM1990-73-SiO:KMnNaZn'K(KNa0.50.5)(Mn1.5Na0.5)Zn3[Si12O30]Hex.
'Unnamed (Mn3+-dominant analog of Sugilite)'KNa2Mn3+2Li3[Si12O30]
YagiiteNa◻2Mg2Al3[Al2Si10O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.CM.Agakhanovite-(Y)K◻2(YCa)Be3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.PlechoviteCa2[K(H2O)]KBe3Si12O30Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05FriedrichbeckeiteK(◻Na)Mg2(Be2Mg)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05LaurentthomasiteK◻2Mg2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05'UM1990-73-SiO:KMnNaZn'K(KNa0.50.5)(Mn1.5Na0.5)Zn3[Si12O30]Hex.
9.CM.05EifeliteKNa2(MgNa)Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05AlmaruditeK◻2Mn2+2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
9.CM.05ArmeniteBa(H2O)2Ca2Al3[Al3Si9O30]Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnna
9.CM.05MerrihueiteK(◻Na)Fe2+2Fe2+3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05OftedaliteK◻2(ScCa)Be3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05RoedderiteK(◻Na)Mg2Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6m2 : P62c
9.CM.05ShibkoviteK(◻K)Ca2Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05SogdianiteK◻2Zr2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05MilariteK(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05BerezanskiteK◻2Ti2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05PoudretteiteK◻2Na2B3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05ChayesiteK◻2Mg2(Mg2Fe3+)[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05Osumilite-(Mg)K◻2Mg2Al3[Al2Si10O30] Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05OsumiliteK◻2Fe2+2Al3[Al2Si10O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05SugiliteKNa2Fe3+2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05Trattnerite◻(◻)2Fe3+2Mg3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05BrannockiteK◻2Sn2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05KlöchiteK◻2(Fe2+Fe3+)Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
9.CM.05DusmatoviteK(K◻)Mn2+2Zn3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.05YagiiteNa◻2Mg2Al3[Al2Si10O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.9.CM.AluminosugiliteKNa2Al2Li3[Si12O30]Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc
9.CM.10FaizieviteK2Na(Ca6Na)Ti4Li6[Si6O18]2[Si12O30]F2Tric. 1 : P1

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 3.4008% 1,054 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity:

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for DarapiositeHide

References for DarapiositeHide

Localities for DarapiositeHide

Showing 1 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Tajikistan (TL)
 
  • Districts of Republican Subordination
Semenov et al. (1975) +1 other reference
 
and/or  
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