ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื ืฉ (1959)

Ronit Liebermensch

    ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื ืฉ (ื•ืจื“ื™), ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื•ืกื•ืคืจืช ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืดื’ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืดืš, 14 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1959. ืœืžื“ื” ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ. ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ. ืžืžืงื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืื’ื”. ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื”ึดื ึตื” 6 (1995). ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื”ื‘ืฉืœื” ืžืฉืงืคืช ืดืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืืฉื”, ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื“ ืœืฉื“ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื” [...] ื—ืกืจืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ื—ืกื“ ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืด. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืจื‘ืชึพืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืžืชืืจืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืดืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸืด. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”. ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืดืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸืด (1997) ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืจึตื“ื”, ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื ืžืจืืฉ. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืงื•ืœืื–ืณ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงืœื™ืคื™ืชึพื ื™ืื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืืžื™ืจื” ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ื•ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช ืœืคืจืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื’ื ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืดื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื•ืงื™ืืด (2002) ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื•ืื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืžืชื•ื ื”. ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื ืฉ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื›ืืŸ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืฉื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืงื™. ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืกื‘ื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™.
    ืขืžื“ืชื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืดืคื’ื•ืžื•ืชืด (2005), ืžืžื•ืืจ ืคื•ืœืžื•ืกื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžืื‘ืงื” ืœื”ืฆืœืช ืจื—ืžื”ึผ ืžื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ื• ืžื™ื•ืžื•ืช. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื” ื—ื“ื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืจื—ืžื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœื” โ€“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช. ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื ืฉื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•. ืกืคืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืดื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืชืด (2015).


ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื ืฉ (ื•ืจื“ื™) ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”

ืกืคืจื™ื”:

  • ื”ื ื” 6 : ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืœืฉื™ืจื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืชื’, 1995)  <ืฉื™ืจื™ื> <ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš>
  • ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997)
  • ื ืขืจืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื•ืกื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื ืดื˜ 1999)
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื•ืงื™ื (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ืžื•ื“ืŸ, 2002) <ืจื•ืžืŸ>
  • ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืคืœืืชืณ : ืžื•ื–ื” ืืคืœื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคื”, ืชืฉืกืดื“ 2004)
  • ืคื’ื•ืžื•ืช (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืคืจื“ืก ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005)
  • ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืคืจื“ืก ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืขืดื” 2015)
  • ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืชืฉืคืดื• 2026) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืขื“. ืฉื™ืจื™ื>

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ / ืืกืฃ ืืฉืจื™ (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ืžื•ื“ืŸ, 2002)
  • ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืจื•ืื” / ืจื– ื ื“ื‘ (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ืžื•ื“ืŸ, 2003)
  • ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ : ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ / ืขืจืŸ ืกืœืข (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ืžื•ื“ืŸ, 2003)
  • ืื‘ืง ืื“ื / ืืจื ื” ืกืค ; ืชืจื’ื ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ ื“ืงืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005)

ืชืจื’ื•ื:

  • ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืงื•ื•ื“ / ืคื•ืœ ืงืืจื ื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื•ืคื•ืก, 2003)
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ / ืงื•ื ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืก (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื•ืคื•ืก, 2003)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”:
ืขืœ "ื”ื ื” 6", ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืœืฉื™ืจื”
  • ืกืขืจื™, ืจืžื™.  ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคื’ื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ื•ืชื ื” ืคื•ืจื—ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, 3 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1995
  • ืฉืคืจ, ืกืคื™. ื•ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื”.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 166 (ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื•, 1 ื‘ืžืื™ 1996), ืขืžืณ 11, 14.
ืขืœ ืดืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืขืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸืด ืขืœ ืดื ืขืจืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื•ืกื”ืด ืขืœ ืดื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื•ืงื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืคืœืืชืณ : ืžื•ื–ื” ืืคืœื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืคื’ื•ืžื•ืชืด ืขืœ ืดืžืขื‘ืจืด ืœืงื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ืœื™ืก

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL4182513A Wikidata โ€“ Q118916602 NLI โ€“ 987007463164905171 LC โ€“ no98068057 VIAF โ€“ 2757127
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 30 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2026

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ