Cervantite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cervantite
Formula:
Sb3+Sb5+O4
Colour:
Yellow, off-white, reddish-white
Lustre:
Greasy, Pearly, Earthy
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
6.5
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
After the supposed locality at Cervantes, Province Lugo, Spain.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Cervantite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
936
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:936:2
IMA Classification of Cervantite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Type description reference:
Classification of Cervantite
4.DE.30
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
E : With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
E : With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra
4.4.16.1
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.13.5
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cvn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Cer | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Cervantite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Cervantite
Greasy, Pearly, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Yellow, off-white, reddish-white
Comment:
Colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
Light yellow, white
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Very Good
{001}, excellent; {100}, distinct.
{001}, excellent; {100}, distinct.
Density:
6.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cervantite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 2 nγ = 2.1
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.100
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Chemistry of Cervantite
Mindat Formula:
Sb3+Sb5+O4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Cervantite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.43 Å, b = 4.79 Å, c = 11.73 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.134 : 1 : 2.449
Unit Cell V:
305.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Minute acicular crystals. Massive.
Comment:
Space Group: Pna21.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012697 | Cervantite | Amador J, Gutierrez-Puebla E, Monge M A, Rasines I, Ruiz-Valero C (1988) Diantimony tetraoxides revisited Inorganic Chemistry 27 1367-1370 | 1988 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009585 | Cervantite | Thornton G (1977) A neutron diffraction study of a-Sb2O4 Acta Crystallographica B33 1271-1273 |  | 1977 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0012331 | Cervantite | Gopalakrishnan P S, Manohar H (1975) Cervantite, alpha-Sb2O4 Crystal Structure Communications 4 203-206 | 1975 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015750 | Cervantite | Dihlstrom K (1938) Uber den bau des wahren antimontetroxyds und des damit isomorphen stibiotantalits, SbTaO4 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 239 57-64 | 1938 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.06 Å | (100) |
| 2.91 Å | (70) |
| 2.70 Å | (60) |
| 2.38 Å | (60) |
| 1.854 Å | (70) |
| 1.774 Å | (60) |
| 1.635 Å | (70) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Cervantite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No defined type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral formed from the oxidation of stibnite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Synonyms of Cervantite
Other Language Names for Cervantite
Dutch:Cervantiet
French:Acide antimonieux (in part)
German:Cervantit
Gelbantimonerz
Gelbantimonerz
Russian:Сервантит
Spanish:Cervantita
Relationship of Cervantite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Cervantite Group:
| Bismutocolumbite | BiNbO4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Bismutotantalite | BiTaO4 | Orth. |
| Clinocervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Stibiocolumbite | SbNbO4 | Orth. mm2 |
| Stibiotantalite | Sb3+TaO4 | Orth. mm2 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 54 photos of Cervantite associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 31 photos of Cervantite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 21 photos of Cervantite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 17 photos of Cervantite associated with Tungstibite | Sb3+2WO6 |
| 14 photos of Cervantite associated with Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
| 14 photos of Cervantite associated with 'Potosíite' | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 |
| 10 photos of Cervantite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 8 photos of Cervantite associated with 'Andorite' | AgPbSb3S6 |
| 7 photos of Cervantite associated with Native Sulphur | S8 |
| 6 photos of Cervantite associated with Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DE. | Colchesterite | Bi3+2Mo6+2O9 |
| 4.DE. | Pertoldite | GeO2 |
| 4.DE. | Ziroite | ZrO2 |
| 4.DE.05 | Downeyite | SeO2 |
| 4.DE.10 | Koragoite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)3(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(Nb,Mn)2(W,Ta)2O20 |
| 4.DE.15 | Russellite | Bi2WO6 |
| 4.DE.15 | Koechlinite | Bi2MoO6 |
| 4.DE.15 | Tungstibite | Sb3+2WO6 |
| 4.DE.20 | Tellurite | TeO2 |
| 4.DE.25 | Paratellurite | TeO2 |
| 4.DE.30 | Bismutotantalite | BiTaO4 |
| 4.DE.30 | Stibiotantalite | Sb3+TaO4 |
| 4.DE.30 | Bismutocolumbite | BiNbO4 |
| 4.DE.30 | Stibiocolumbite | SbNbO4 |
| 4.DE.30 | Clinocervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| 4.DE.35 | Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| 4.DE.40 | Billwiseite | Sb3+5Nb3WO18 |
| 4.DE.45 | Kyawthuite | Bi3+Sb5+O4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cervantite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-936.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Cervantite
Reference List:
Dihlström, K., Westgren, A. (1937) Über den Bau des sogenannten Antimontetroxyds und der damit isomorphen Verbindung BiTa2O6F. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 235. 153-160 doi:10.1002/zaac.19372350121
Dihlström, Klas (1938) Über den Bau des wahren Antimontetroxyds und des damit isomorphen Stibiotantalits, SbTaO4. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 239. 57-64 doi:10.1002/zaac.19382390107
Vitaliano, Charles J., Mason, Brian (1952) Stibiconite and cervantite. American Mineralogist, 37 (11-12) 982-999
Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, J. A.; Servos, Kurt; Toulmin, Priestley, III (1962) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 47 (9-10). 1216-1223 p.1221
Trofimov, V. G., Sheinkman, A. I., Kleshchev, G. V. (1973) Oriented crystallization of cervantite on heating Sb2O3. Soviet Physics Journal, 16. 413-415 doi:10.1007/bf00895445
Gopalakrishnan, P.S., Manohar, H. (1976) Topotactic oxidation of valentinite Sb2O3 to cervantite Sb2O4: Kinetics and mechanism. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 16. 301-306 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90045-1
Thornton, G. (1977) A neutron diffraction study of α-Sb2O4. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 33 (4) 1271-1273 doi:10.1107/s0567740877005822
Amador, J., Gutierrez Puebla, E., Monge, M. A., Rasines, I., Ruiz Valero, C. (1988) Diantimony tetraoxides revisited. Inorganic Chemistry, 27 (8) 1367-1370 doi:10.1021/ic00281a011
Golunski, Stanislaw E., Jackson, David (1989) Antimony Oxides: A guide to phase changes during catalyst preparation. Applied Catalysis, 48 (1). 123-135 doi:10.1016/s0166-9834(00)80270-5
Localities for Cervantite
Showing 402 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Rocks & Min.: 18:42. |
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Brown et al. (2001) | |
| Brown et al. (2001) | |
| Brown et al. (2001) | |
| Brown et al. (2001) | |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Brown et al. (2001) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
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| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
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| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Ashley et al. (1988) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
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| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| McClatchie et al. (1970) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
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| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Stevens (1972) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
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| Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Noble et al. (1983) |
| |
| GROVES |
| Bottrill et al. |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| |
| Ex Ruth Coulsell Collection |
| en.wikipedia.org (2016) |
| Simpson (1952) | |
| Gibb-Maitland (1908) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Maitland (1919) |
| Simpson (1948) |
Austria | |
| Huber et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| Meixner (1980) +1 other reference |
| 50. +1 other reference |
| - (1994, July) | |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| 1960s specimens analyzed by Gunnar ... +1 other reference |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Petrov et al. (2006) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Spencer (1907) | |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History ... |
Chile | |
| Maskaev et al. (2007) |
China | |
| Genwen Chen et al. (2008) |
| Chunlin Yang (1993) |
| Ottens (2007) |
| Yu Chen et al. (1984) |
| Yonghong Zhu et al. (2012) |
| Jihua Li et al. (2012) |
| Hanzhi Sun and Lei Lei (1988) +1 other reference |
| Jianyan Li (1989) +2 other references |
| Guozhang Wen et al. (1993) +2 other references |
| Wang et al. (2025) |
| Yi Yang et al. (2006) |
| Fuquan Yang et al. (2007) |
Czech Republic | |
| |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
| Gramblička (n.d.) |
| Velebil +5 other references |
France | |
| Fermis (2022) |
| ... |
| Chollet Pascal Collection +2 other references |
| Germain C. et al. (1990) |
| Une ancienne mine d'Antimoine dans le Limousin aurifère ( Georges Hyvert ) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1989) |
| Andrew Hodgson Collection |
| Magma 1984 (2) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Beyer (1978) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2020) |
| Rieck et al. (2020) |
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Hungary | |
| |
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| MAMIT | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Acta Min. Petr.: SbO minerals of Hungary | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
Italy | |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| - (n.d.) |
| Lovisato D. (1902) +2 other references |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Triscari et al. (1982) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Burtet Fabris B. (1994) |
| Brizzi et al. (1990) |
| D'Achiardi (1872-73) +2 other references |
| Casoli (1977) |
| Sitta et al. (1981) |
| Innocenti F. et al. (Semproniano, Grosseto) |
| Innocenti et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Duchi G. (1983) |
| Sabelli et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| University of Tokyo collection |
| - (n.d.) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
| Evseev (1995) |
| Il'yasova +2 other references |
Luxembourg | |
| Philippo et al. (2007) |
Mexico | |
| Panzcer (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Dana 7:I:596 +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Myanmar | |
| Zaw (2017) |
| Zaw (2017) |
New Zealand | |
| Boyle (1979) |
| Rod Martin Collection | |
| Pirajno (1979) |
| 2004 |
| Collection of Rod Martin |
| Watson (1974) |
| Marshall (1918) |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| Stephanie Martin specimen |
North Macedonia | |
| Rieck (1993) +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) |
Portugal | |
| IST Lisbon collection |
| Pedro Alves analytical data |
| |
| Lisbon Geologic Museum | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Nuno Afonso collection |
Russia | |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
Serbia | |
| PMB collection |
| F. Hermann (1947) | |
| Philip Bluemner specimen | |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Uher et al. (2000) |
| Andráš P. & Chovanec V. | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Števko et al. (2025) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Števko M. (2022) |
| Duda |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Pauliš |
| King (n.d.) |
| Chovan et al. (1995) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Williams-Jones et al. (1997) |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2020) |
| |
| - (1962) +1 other reference |
| Echevarría Rodríguez Manuel et al. (2025) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Turkey | |
| |
| Aral (1989) |
| Aral (1989) | |
| Erik Vercammen collection |
UK | |
| Dana 6: 203. +2 other references |
| Dana 6: 203. |
| Peter Trebilcock Collection. |
| Hall (1868) | |
| Norman Wilson collection +1 other reference |
| |
| Williams (1973) |
| Williams (1973) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| USGS OFR 98-287 (Freeman,1998) |
| - (2008) |
| USGS OFR 98-287 (Freeman,1998) | |
| - (2008) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Galbraith (1947) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.:63:123 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 71:2 pp134-137 | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:124. | |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Kelley (1938) +2 other references |
| Minerals of Darwin |
| Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966) |
| Mining and Scientific Press (1915) +1 other reference |
| Mining and Scientific Press (1915) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Crawford (1894) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1944) |
| R.O. Meyer collection |
| Cooper et al. (1989) |
| Loew (1875) +1 other reference |
| Anonymous (1956) +1 other reference |
| Murdoch (1941) +1 other reference |
| Bradley (1918) +3 other references |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) | |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:262 |
| Ream (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Barrick Gold Corporation | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1986) +1 other reference |
| Gibbs (1985) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Goble et al. (1980) |
| Wagner |
| Wagner |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Dana 7:I:596 +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Bart Cannon specimens and labels |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| NEEDS REFERENCE |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
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Le Cetine di Cotorniano mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy