Antipinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Antipinite
Mikhail Y. Antipin
Formula:
KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4
Colour:
Blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.53
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
In memory of Mikhail Yuvenal’evich Antipin (Михаил Ювенальевич Антипин) (25 August 1951, Moscow, USSR – 19 February 2013, Moscow, USSR), chemist and specialist in the crystallography and crystal chemistry of organometallic and coordination compounds, at the Institute of Organoelement Compounds. He was awarded the Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences for these investigations. He was also a professor of chemistry at the Peoples' Friendship University.
Unique combination of elements (the only K-Na-Cu oxalate mineral known). The second Na- and Cu-bearing oxalate mineral after wheatleyite. Compare other Cu-bearing oxalate minerals - middlebackite, moolooite and fiemmeite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46162
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46162:3
IMA Classification of Antipinite
Approved
IMA Formula:
KNa3Cu2+2((C2)6+O4)4
Approval year:
2014
First published:
2015
Type description reference:
Chukanov, Nikita V., Aksenov, Sergey M., Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K., Lyssenko, Konstantin A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Färber, Gunnar, Möhn, Gerhard, Van, Konstantin V. (2015) Antipinite, KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4, a new mineral species from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (5) 1111-1121 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.5.07
Classification of Antipinite
10.00.
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
0 :
0 :
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
0 :
0 :
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Atp | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Antipinite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue
Comment:
pale blue, almost white
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
in three directions
in three directions
Density:
2.53(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.549 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Antipinite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.432(3) nβ = 1.530(1) nγ = 1.698(5)
2V:
Measured: 75° , Calculated: 82°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.266
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Bireflectance:
strong, r < v
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
blue on Z, light blue on Y, colourless on X;
Chemistry of Antipinite
Mindat Formula:
KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Antipinite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.1574(5) Å, b = 10.7099(8) Å, c = 11.1320(8) Å
α = 113.093(1)°, β = 101.294(1)°, γ = 90.335(1)°
α = 113.093(1)°, β = 101.294(1)°, γ = 90.335(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.668 : 1 : 1.039
Unit Cell V:
766.51 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Imperfect, short prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm × 0.15 mm in size; in clusters and random aggregates.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.22 Å | (40) |
| 3.47 Å | (100) |
| 3.39 Å | (80) |
| 3.01 Å | (30) |
| 2.86 Å | (30) |
| 2.543 Å | (40) |
| 2.481 Å | (30) |
| 2.315 Å | (30) |
Reference:
Chukanov, Nikita V., Aksenov, Sergey M., Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K., Lyssenko, Konstantin A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Färber, Gunnar, Möhn, Gerhard, Van, Konstantin V. (2015) Antipinite, KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4, a new mineral species from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (5) 1111-1121 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.5.07
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals | <0.4 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Type Occurrence of Antipinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Antipinite forms imperfect, isometric and short prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm × 0.15mm in size, as well as their random aggregates up to 0.6mm across
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Technische Universita¨t, Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, inventory number 83870
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Guano deposit on chalcopyrite bearing gabbro
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Chukanov, Nikita V., Aksenov, Sergey M., Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K., Lyssenko, Konstantin A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Färber, Gunnar, Möhn, Gerhard, Van, Konstantin V. (2015) Antipinite, KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4, a new mineral species from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (5) 1111-1121 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.5.07
Synonyms of Antipinite
Other Language Names for Antipinite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Antipinite associated with Davidbrownite-(NH4) | (NH4)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Antipinite associated with Joanneumite | Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2 |
| 2 photos of Antipinite associated with Relianceite-(K) | K4Mg(V4+O)2(C2O4)(PO3OH)4(H2O)10 |
| 2 photos of Antipinite associated with Rowleyite | [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl] |
| 2 photos of Antipinite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 6.6580% | 2,064 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Antipinite
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Antipinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46162.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Antipinite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 21. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (4) 797-804 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.03
Chukanov, Nikita V., Aksenov, Sergey M., Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K., Lyssenko, Konstantin A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Färber, Gunnar, Möhn, Gerhard, Van, Konstantin V. (2015) Antipinite, KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4, a new mineral species from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (5) 1111-1121 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.5.07
Cámara, Fernando; Gagne, Olivier C.; Uvarova, Yulia; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I. (2016) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 101 (9). 2123-2131 doi:10.2138/am-2016-nmn101916
Localities for Antipinite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2014) +3 other references |
USA | |
| Kampf et al. (2019) |
| Kampf et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
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125 foot level, Rowley Mine, Theba, Painted Rock Mining District, Painted Rock Mountains, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA