Protochabournéite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Protochabournéite
Formula:
Tl4-xPb2+2xSb20-x-yAsyS34 with 0.02(2) <= x <= 0.34(2), 5.71(9) <= y <= 6.69(9)
Redefined in 2021 by IMA Proposal 20-F on chabournéite group. Previous IMA formula was Tl2Pb(Sb,As)10S17. Also previously given as Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34 (x ~ 1.2-1.5).
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Specific Gravity:
5.083 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
For its relation to chabournéite. The 'proto' prefix is meant to convey that this species has a primitive unit cell (i.e. a subcell of chabournéite).
Homeotype of chabournéite.
Structurally related to the Sartorite Group.
Note: Kasatkin et al. (2022) describe a triclinic possible "As analog of protochabournéite («protodalnegroite»)".
Structurally related to the Sartorite Group.
Note: Kasatkin et al. (2022) describe a triclinic possible "As analog of protochabournéite («protodalnegroite»)".
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Protochabourneite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
42840
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:42840:6
IMA Classification of Protochabournéite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Tl1+4-xPb2+2+2xSb3+20-x-yAs3+yS2-34 (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)
Approval year:
2011
First published:
2013
Approval history:
Redefined formula IMA Proposal 20-F: Miyawaki et al. (2021).
Type description reference:
Orlandi, P.; Biagioni, C.; Moëlo, Y.; Bonaccorsi, E.; Paar, W. H. (2013) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIII. Protochabournéite, ~Tl2Pb(Sb9–8As1–2)∑10S17, from the Monte Arsiccio mine: Occurrence, crystal structure and relationship with chabournéite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3). p.475-494. doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.475
Classification of Protochabournéite
2.HD.45
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
D : With Tl
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
D : With Tl
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pchb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Protochabournéite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
VHN15=146 - 195 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.083(75) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Protochabournéite
Anisotropism:
Distinct, blue green to brown
Bireflectance:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 35.9% | 42.1% |
| 420nm | 37.1% | 40.2% |
| 440nm | 36.9% | 40.2% |
| 460nm | 36.5% | 39.5% |
| 470nm | 36.4% | 39.5% |
| 480nm | 36.5% | 39.3% |
| 500nm | 35.4% | 37.8% |
| 520nm | 34.8% | 37.2% |
| 540nm | 34.4% | 36.8% |
| 546nm | 34.2% | 36.7% |
| 560nm | 34.1% | 36.4% |
| 580nm | 33.4% | 35.7% |
| 589nm | 33.0% | 35.4% |
| 600nm | 32.8% | 35.1% |
| 620nm | 32.1% | 34.4% |
| 640nm | 31.5% | 33.7% |
| 650nm | 31.2% | 33.4% |
| 660nm | 30.7% | 33.2% |
| 680nm | 30.3% | 32.6% |
| 700nm | 29.6% | 31.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 42.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Scarce, dark red along fractures
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Very weak, very pale yellow to very pale blue
Chemistry of Protochabournéite
Mindat Formula:
Tl4-xPb2+2xSb20-x-yAsyS34 with 0.02(2) <= x <= 0.34(2), 5.71(9) <= y <= 6.69(9)
Redefined in 2021 by IMA Proposal 20-F on chabournéite group. Previous IMA formula was Tl2Pb(Sb,As)10S17. Also previously given as Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34 (x ~ 1.2-1.5).
Redefined in 2021 by IMA Proposal 20-F on chabournéite group. Previous IMA formula was Tl2Pb(Sb,As)10S17. Also previously given as Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34 (x ~ 1.2-1.5).
Crystallography of Protochabournéite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.150(2) Å, b = 8.716(2) Å, c = 21.579(4) Å
α = 85.18(1)°, β = 96.94(1)°, γ = 88.60(1)°
α = 85.18(1)°, β = 96.94(1)°, γ = 88.60(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.935 : 1 : 2.476
Unit Cell V:
1,515.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.23 Å | (51) |
| 3.959 Å | (54) |
| 3.928 Å | (60) |
| 3.673 Å | (63) |
| 3.608 Å | (100) |
| 2.824 Å | (77) |
| 2.790 Å | (61) |
Reference:
Orlandi, P.; Biagioni, C.; Moëlo, Y.; Bonaccorsi, E.; Paar, W. H. (2013) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIII. Protochabournéite, ~Tl2Pb(Sb9–8As1–2)∑10S17, from the Monte Arsiccio mine: Occurrence, crystal structure and relationship with chabournéite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3). p.475-494. doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.475
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Protochabournéite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Compact masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita` di Pisa, Italy, catalogue number 19413.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Orlandi, P.; Biagioni, C.; Moëlo, Y.; Bonaccorsi, E.; Paar, W. H. (2013) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIII. Protochabournéite, ~Tl2Pb(Sb9–8As1–2)∑10S17, from the Monte Arsiccio mine: Occurrence, crystal structure and relationship with chabournéite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3). p.475-494. doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.475
Synonyms of Protochabournéite
Other Language Names for Protochabournéite
Dutch:Protochabournéiet
German:Protochabournéit
Relationship of Protochabournéite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Chabournéite Group:
| Chabournéite | AgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Dalnegroite | (Tl4Pb2)(As12Sb8)S34 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Dewitite | AgzTl10-x-zPb2xSb42-x-yAsyS68 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Shimenite | Tl5Sb21-yAsyS34 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Vallouiseite | Ag3Tl21.5PbSb63As41.5S170 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Structurally related to group(s):
| Sartorite Group | A group of chemically and structurally very complex sulphosalts which are impossible to identify visually. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Protochabournéite associated with Arsiccioite | AgHg2Tl(As,Sb)2S6 |
| 1 photo of Protochabournéite associated with Native Sulphur | S8 |
| 1 photo of Protochabournéite associated with Routhierite | Tl(Cu,Ag)(Hg,Zn)2(As,Sb)2S6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HD. | Enneasartorite | Tl6Pb32As70S140 |
| 2.HD. | Shimenite | Tl5Sb21-yAsyS34 |
| 2.HD. | Dewitite | AgzTl10-x-zPb2xSb42-x-yAsyS68 |
| 2.HD. | Buynite | TlPb14As17S40 |
| 2.HD. | Vallouiseite | Ag3Tl21.5PbSb63As41.5S170 |
| 2.HD. | Giuşcăite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As20Sb2S40 |
| 2.HD. | Boscardinite | TlPb4(Sb7As2)S18 |
| 2.HD. | Gungerite | TlAs5Sb4S13 |
| 2.HD.05e | Dalnegroite | (Tl4Pb2)(As12Sb8)S34 |
| 2.HD.05 | Lorándite | TlAsS2 |
| 2.HD.05 | Weissbergite | TlSbS2 |
| 2.HD.05e | Chabournéite | AgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6) |
| 2.HD.15 | Christite | TlHgAsS3 |
| 2.HD.15 | Markwelchite | TlPbSbS3 |
| 2.HD.15 | Richardsollyite | TlPbAsS3 |
| 2.HD.20 | Jankovićite | Tl5Sb9(As,Sb)4S22 |
| 2.HD.25 | Rebulite | Tl5Sb5As8S22 |
| 2.HD.30 | Imhofite | Tl5.8As15.4S26 |
| 2.HD.35 | Edenharterite | PbTlAs3S6 |
| 2.HD.40 | Jentschite | TlPbAs2SbS6 |
| 2.HD.45 | Hutchinsonite | TlPbAs5S9 |
| 2.HD.50 | Bernardite | TlAs5S8 |
| 2.HD.55 | Sicherite | TlAg2(As,Sb)3S6 |
| 2.HD.55 | Geuerite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As22S40 |
| 2.HD.60 | Gabrielite | Tl6Ag3Cu6(As,Sb)9S21 |
| 2.HD.65 | Tsygankoite | Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2Tl)S48 |
| 2.HD.70 | Drechslerite | Tl4(Sb4-xAsx)S8 (1 < x < 2) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Protochabournéite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-42840.html
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References for Protochabournéite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 11. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2887-2893 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2887
Orlandi, P.; Biagioni, C.; Moëlo, Y.; Bonaccorsi, E.; Paar, W. H. (2013) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIII. Protochabournéite, ~Tl2Pb(Sb9–8As1–2)∑10S17, from the Monte Arsiccio mine: Occurrence, crystal structure and relationship with chabournéite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3). p.475-494. doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.475
Localities for Protochabournéite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France | |
| Bindi et al. (2024) |
Italy | |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2013) |
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Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy