Bernardite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Bernardite
Formula:
TlAs5S8
Some As may be replaced by Sb.
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Dull
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
4.5
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
In honor of Jan H. Bernard (1928-2018), Czech mineralogist, Associate professor of Geochemistry and Mineralogy at Charles University, Prague (1955-1967) and Central Geological Institute (Prague). He is the author or co-author of numerous publications including Mineralogy of Czechoslovakia (1969 & 1981), Minerals and their localities (2004).
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Bernardite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
636
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:636:5
IMA Classification of Bernardite
Classification of Bernardite
2.HD.50
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
D : With Tl
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
D : With Tl
3.8.14.2
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
5.5.9
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
5 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Tl
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
5 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Tl
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bnd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bernardite
Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Red
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.5(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 4.105 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bernardite
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 29.6% | 32.3% |
| 420nm | 28.9% | 31.8% |
| 440nm | 28.1% | 31.3% |
| 460nm | 27.4% | 30.6% |
| 480nm | 26.8% | 29.9% |
| 500nm | 26.0% | 28.9% |
| 520nm | 25.4% | 27.8% |
| 540nm | 25.0% | 26.7% |
| 560nm | 24.5% | 25.8% |
| 580nm | 24.0% | 25.1% |
| 600nm | 23.6% | 24.4% |
| 620nm | 23.3% | 23.9% |
| 640nm | 23.1% | 23.4% |
| 660nm | 22.9% | 23.0% |
| 680nm | 22.8% | 22.8% |
| 700nm | 22.8% | 22.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 32.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Bernardite
Mindat Formula:
TlAs5S8
Some As may be replaced by Sb.
Some As may be replaced by Sb.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bernardite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.647(4) Å, b = 8.038(3) Å, c = 10.750(3) Å
β = 91.27(3)°
β = 91.27(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.947 : 1 : 1.337
Unit Cell V:
1,351.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Tabular crystals with prominent {100}, {012}, {210}, and {201}, {201}, {010}.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014490 | Bernardite | Pasava J, Pertlik F, Stumpfl E F, Zemann J (1989) Bernardite, a new thallium arsenic sulphosalt from Allchar, Macedonia, with a determination of the crystal structure Mineralogical Magazine 53 531-538 |  | 1989 | Allchar, Macedonia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.46 Å | (65) |
| 4.28 Å | (74) |
| 3.72 Å | (55) |
| 3.68 Å | (63) |
| 3.07 Å | (65) |
| 3.06 Å | (100) |
| 2.68 Å | (59) |
Comments:
Calculated.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins in Tl-As deposits
Type Occurrence of Bernardite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Black, thick tabular crystals, usually <1 mm in size, but up to 4 x 3 x 1.5 mm. The surface of the crystals is only in part well developed, and is commonly corroded.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Narodni Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.
Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria.
Institute for Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Austria.
Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria.
Institute for Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Austria.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Thallium deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Bernardite
Other Language Names for Bernardite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HD. | Enneasartorite | Tl6Pb32As70S140 |
| 2.HD. | Shimenite | Tl5Sb21-yAsyS34 |
| 2.HD. | Dewitite | AgzTl10-x-zPb2xSb42-x-yAsyS68 |
| 2.HD. | Buynite | TlPb14As17S40 |
| 2.HD. | Vallouiseite | Ag3Tl21.5PbSb63As41.5S170 |
| 2.HD. | Giuşcăite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As20Sb2S40 |
| 2.HD. | Boscardinite | TlPb4(Sb7As2)S18 |
| 2.HD. | Gungerite | TlAs5Sb4S13 |
| 2.HD.05e | Dalnegroite | (Tl4Pb2)(As12Sb8)S34 |
| 2.HD.05 | Lorándite | TlAsS2 |
| 2.HD.05 | Weissbergite | TlSbS2 |
| 2.HD.05e | Chabournéite | AgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6) |
| 2.HD.15 | Christite | TlHgAsS3 |
| 2.HD.15 | Markwelchite | TlPbSbS3 |
| 2.HD.15 | Richardsollyite | TlPbAsS3 |
| 2.HD.20 | Jankovićite | Tl5Sb9(As,Sb)4S22 |
| 2.HD.25 | Rebulite | Tl5Sb5As8S22 |
| 2.HD.30 | Imhofite | Tl5.8As15.4S26 |
| 2.HD.35 | Edenharterite | PbTlAs3S6 |
| 2.HD.40 | Jentschite | TlPbAs2SbS6 |
| 2.HD.45 | Protochabournéite | Tl4-xPb2+2xSb20-x-yAsyS34 with 0.02(2) <= x <= 0.34(2), 5.71(9) <= y <= 6.69(9) |
| 2.HD.45 | Hutchinsonite | TlPbAs5S9 |
| 2.HD.55 | Sicherite | TlAg2(As,Sb)3S6 |
| 2.HD.55 | Geuerite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As22S40 |
| 2.HD.60 | Gabrielite | Tl6Ag3Cu6(As,Sb)9S21 |
| 2.HD.65 | Tsygankoite | Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2Tl)S48 |
| 2.HD.70 | Drechslerite | Tl4(Sb4-xAsx)S8 (1 < x < 2) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bernardite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-636.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Bernardite
Localities for Bernardite
Showing 5 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
North Macedonia (TL) | |
| Pašava et al. (1989) +3 other references |
| Färber (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Russia | |
| Plášil et al. (2018) +4 other references |
South Korea | |
| Ahn et al. (2005) |
Switzerland | |
| Graeser et al. (1992) +3 other references |
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Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland