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Schapbachite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Schapbachite, etc.

Friedrich-Christian Mine, Wildschapbach valley, Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach, Freudenstadt, Karlsruhe Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite, etc.

Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite

Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite, etc.

Friedrich-Christian Mine, Wildschapbach valley, Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach, Freudenstadt, Karlsruhe Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite, etc.

Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite

Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite, etc.

Friedrich-Christian Mine, Wildschapbach valley, Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach, Freudenstadt, Karlsruhe Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schapbachite, etc.

Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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About SchapbachiteHide

Formula:

Ag_0.4Pb_0.2Bi_0.4S

Pb is necessary for the stabilisation of the cubic structure of schapbachite.

Colour:

Dark grey

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½ - 4

Specific Gravity:

7.05 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

Named in 1853 by Gustav Adolph Kenngott after the locality where it was originally thought to have existed as a species: Schapbach, Schwarzwald, Baden, Germany. First discredited in 1863 by F. Sandberger as a mixture of bismuthite, argentite, and galena. (Matildite was not named until 1883 by Antonio D'Achiardi.) The original schapbachite specimens were later re-analyzed and found to be a mixture of galena and matildite (Ramdohr, 1936). Hey (1982) reported that schapbachite (of Kenngott) was discredited by vote of the IMA. Schapbachite was re-used in 2004 by Kurt Walenta, H. J. Burnhardt, and T. Theye, although schapbachite did not occur at Schapbach. Pre-2004 reports of "schapbachite" have to be evaluated on the data provided.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Dimorph of:

Matildite

Note: many specimens originally described as "schapbachite (of Kenngott)" are in fact matildite with or without admixture of galena. Modern verification of any specimen with this designation is required.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3558

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3558:9

Similar NamesHide

Schapbachite (of Kenngott)

IMA Classification of SchapbachiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Ag¹⁺_0.4Pb²⁺_0.2Bi³⁺_0.4S^2-

Approval year:

1982

Type description reference:

Walenta, K., Bernhardt, H.J., Theye, T. (2004): Cubic AgBiS2 (schapbachite) from the Silberbrünnle mine near Gengenbach in the Central Black Forest, Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2004, 425-432

Classification of SchapbachiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.JA.15

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.2.18

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Spb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SchapbachiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Dark grey

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

2½ - 4 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Density:

7.05 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SchapbachiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
470nm	45.19%
546nm	44.73%
589nm	44.32%
650nm	43.94%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 45.19%.

Chemistry of SchapbachiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag_0.4Pb_0.2Bi_0.4S

Pb is necessary for the stabilisation of the cubic structure of schapbachite.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	41.745 %
Ag	21.547 %
Pb	20.695 %
S	16.013 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ag, Bi, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SchapbachiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.703 Å

Unit Cell V:

185.49 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0009219	Schapbachite	Geller S, Wernick J H (1959) Ternary semiconducting compounds with sodium chloride-like structure: AgSbSe2, AgSbTe2, AgBiS2, AgBiSe2 Acta Crystallographica 12 46-54	1959	synthetic	293
0009220	Schapbachite	Geller S, Wernick J H (1959) Ternary semiconducting compounds with sodium chloride-like structure: AgSbSe2, AgSbTe2, AgBiS2, AgBiSe2 Acta Crystallographica 12 46-54	1959	synthetic	473
0009221	Schapbachite	Geller S, Wernick J H (1959) Ternary semiconducting compounds with sodium chloride-like structure: AgSbSe2, AgSbTe2, AgBiS2, AgBiSe2 Acta Crystallographica 12 46-54	1959	synthetic	516

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

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_chemical_name_mineral 'Schapbachite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Geller S'
'Wernick J H'
_journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica'
_journal_volume 12 
_journal_year 1959
_journal_page_first 46
_journal_page_last 54
_publ_section_title
;
 Ternary semiconducting compounds with sodium chloride-like structure: AgSbSe2,
 AgSbTe2, AgBiS2, AgBiSe2
;
_database_code_amcsd 0009219
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ag.5 Bi.5) S'
_cell_length_a 5.648
_cell_length_b 5.648
_cell_length_c 5.648
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 180.171
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Ag   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000
Bi   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000
S   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.290 Å	(80)
2.853 Å	(100)
2.014 Å	(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of SchapbachiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine, Gengenbach, Gengenbach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

General Appearance of Type Material:

Anhedral and reach about 0.3 mm in size.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde-Stuttgart, Germany.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Synonyms of SchapbachiteHide

Wismutsilbererz

Wismuthsilber (in part)

Other Language Names for SchapbachiteHide

Dutch:Schapbachiet

German:Schapbachit
Silberwismutglanz (in part)

Russian:Шапбахит

Simplified Chinese:硫铅铋银矿

Spanish:Schapbachita

Relationship of Schapbachite to other SpeciesHide

Structurally related to group(s):

'Schapbachite group'

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Schapbachite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Schapbachite associated with Matildite	AgBiS₂
2 photos of Schapbachite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
2 photos of Schapbachite associated with Galena	PbS
2 photos of Schapbachite associated with Arsenopyrite	FeAsS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JA.	Ferdowsiite	Ag₈(Sb₅As₃)S₁₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JA.	Luboržákite	Mn₂AsSbS₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.	Sangenaroite	Ag₈(Sb_8-xAs_x)S_Σ16	Mon. 2/m
2.JA.05a	Pavonite	AgBi₃S₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05b	Grumiplucite	HgBi₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05c	Kudriavite	(Cd,Pb)Bi₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05d	Cupromakovickyite	Cu₄AgPb₂Bi₉S₁₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05e	Benjaminite	Ag₃Bi₇S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05i	Livingstonite	HgSb₄S₆(S₂)	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JA.05h	Mozgovaite	PbBi₄S₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JA.05	Dantopaite	Ag₅Bi₁₃S₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05a	Cupropavonite	Cu_0.9Ag_0.5Pb_0.6Bi_2.5S₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05	Selenodantopaite	Ag₅Bi₁₃Se₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05g	Borodaevite	Ag₅(Bi,Pb,Fe)₈(Sb,Bi)₂S₁₇	Mon.
2.JA.05a	Cupromakopavonite	Ag₃Cu₈Pb₄Bi₁₉S₃₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.05d	Makovickyite	Cu_1.12Ag_0.81Pb_0.27Bi_5.35S₉	Mon. 2/m
2.JA.05f	Mummeite	Cu_0.58Ag_3.11Pb_1.10Bi_6.65S₁₃	Mon.
2.JA.10b	Kupčíkite	Cu_3.4Fe_0.6Bi₅S₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.10d	Pizgrischite	(Cu,Fe)Cu₁₄PbBi₁₇S₃₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.10c	Hodrušite	Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂	Mon. 2/m
2.JA.10a	Cuprobismutite	Cu₈AgBi₁₃S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JA.10e	Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JA.15	Cuboargyrite	AgSbS₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.JA.20	Matildite	AgBiS₂	Trig. 32 : P3₁21
2.JA.20	Volynskite	AgBiTe₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.JA.20	Bohdanowiczite	AgBiSe₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SchapbachiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3558.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Schapbachite on Webmineral

Look for Schapbachite on Wikipedia

Look for Schapbachite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SchapbachiteHide

Reference List:

Ramdohr, P. (1980): The ore minerals and their intergrowth. 2nd ed. (English ed. of the 4th German edition, with additions and corrections by the author), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1205 pp.p.665

Kenngott, A. (1853) Schapbachit. in Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem, dem gegenwärtigen Standpunkte der Wissenschaft gemäss, Verlag und Druck von Carl Gerold & Sohn. (Wien) 118-118.

Sandberger, F. (1863) Jahresbuch fur Mineralogie, p. 797.

Rammelsberg, C. (1877) Ueber Nephelin, Monacit und Silberwismuthglanz. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 29, 77-81.

Sandberger, F. (1882): Untersuch. Erzgadhge, 1, 90.

Ramdohr, P. (1936): Fortschritte der Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrographie, 20,56.

Graham, A. R. (1951) Matildite, aramayoite, miargyrite. American Mineralogist, 36 (5-6) 436-449

Acta Crystallographica (1959): 12:46.

Hoda, Syed N., Chang, Luke L. Y. (1975) Phase relations in the systems PbS-Ag2S-Sb2S3 and PbS-Ag2S-Bi2S3. American Mineralogist, 60 (7-8) 621-633

Hey, M. H. (1982) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine, 46 (341) 513-514 doi:10.1180/minmag.1982.046.341.25 [redefinition]

Moëlo, Yves, Makovicky, Emil, Mozgova, Nadejda N., Jambor, John L., Cook, Nigel, Pring, Allan, Paar, Werner, Nickel, Ernest H., Graeser, Stephan, Karup-Møller, Sven, Balic-unic, Tonči, Mumme, William G., Vurro, Filippo, Topa, Dan (2008) Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20 (1) 7-62 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1778

Staude, S., Dorn, A., Pfaff, K., Markl, G. (2010) Assemblages of Ag-Bi sulfosalts and conditions of their formation: The type locality of schapbachite (Ag_0.4Pb_0.2Bi_0.4S) and neighboring mines in the Schwarzwald ore district, southern Germany. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (3) 441-466 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.3.441

Localities for SchapbachiteHide

Showing 37 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Pirquitas Mine	Silver Standard Resources Inc

Austria
Tyrol Imst District Tarrenz Heiterwand ⓘ St Veit (St. Veith)	Wetzenstein (1972)

Bulgaria
Pernik Province Trun Municipality Trun ⓘ Zlata mine	I. Kostov et al. (1964)
Sofia Province Botevgrad Municipality ⓘ Vatia deposit	Kostov et al. (1964)

Chile
Arica y Parinacota Parinacota Province Ticnamar area ⓘ Choquelimpie Mine	Gröpper et al. (1991)

China
Jilin Yanbian Chaoxianzu Longjing City ⓘ Shijing Au-Ag deposit ?	Hongyuan Xu (2012)

Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region	Jahn (2002)

Finland
Central Finland Pihtipudas Kanalanmäki area Säkkärämäki ⓘ Pirunkoukku gold occurrence	Novoselov et al. (2015)
Satakunta Eurajoki ⓘ Olkiluoto	Pere Tuomas (2009)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Brioude Langeac Barlet ⓘ Barlet Fluorite Mine (La Drey Mine; La Dreyt Mine; La Costette Mine) ?	Pélisson (1989)

Germany (TL)
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Gengenbach Gengenbach ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine (TL)	Walenta et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Waldshut Dachsberg Urberg ⓘ Gottesehre Mine	Steen (2013)
Karlsruhe Region Freudenstadt Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach ⓘ Wildschapbach valley	Kenngott (1853)
ⓘ Friedrich-Christian Mine	Walenta (1991)
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Weinheim Hohensachsen Kohlbach ⓘ Marie Mine	Belendorff (2021)
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Regen District Bodenmais ⓘ ~~Silberberg Mine~~	Obermüller (1993)
Upper Palatinate ⓘ Wölsendorf fluorite mining district	Dill et al. (2010)
Brandenburg Spree-Neiße Spremberg ⓘ Spremberg-Graustein-Schleife deposit (Spremberg-Graustein Cu deposit)	Kopp et al. (2012)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis ⓘ Schneeberg ?	Lapis 30 (7/8)

Italy
Sardinia Nuoro Province Gadoni ⓘ Funtana Raminosa Mine	Stara et al. (1999)
South Sardinia Province Nuxis ⓘ Sa Marchesa Mine	Gian Claudio Lecca et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Pergine Valsugana ⓘ Viarago Mine	Exel (1987)

Japan
Hyogo Prefecture Yabu City Sekinomiya-machi ⓘ Nakase mine (Nakaze mine)	AKATSUKA (1961)

Kazakhstan
Akmola Region Bulandy District ⓘ Raigorodok deposit	Kalinin et al. (2018)

New Zealand
Tasman Region Aorere Goldfield ⓘ Eliot Creek ?	Rabone (1977)

Norway
Agder Vegårshei ⓘ Ettedal Mine	Naik et al. (1976)

Peru
Huancavelica Angaraes Province Ccochaccasa District Julcani mining district ⓘ Julcani Mine ?	Duval et al. (1986)

Russia
Buryatia Zakamensky District Dzhida W-Mo District ⓘ Kholtoson Mine	Damdinova et al. (2021)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands Yuzhno-Kurilsky District Kunashir Island ⓘ Prasolovskoe Au deposit (Prasolovka deposit)	Simon et al. (1997)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District ⓘ Banská Štiavnica	Chovan M. et al. (2021)
Žarnovica District Hodruša-Hámre Hodruša-Hámre mines ⓘ Rozália Mine	Chovan et al. (2016) +2 other references
Košice Region Gelnica District Švedlár ⓘ Stará Voda	Koděra et al. (1986)
ⓘ Švedlár quartz deposit	Drnzíková L. (1969)

Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field) ⓘ Chal-Ata deposit (Chalata deposit)	Badalov et al. (1975)
ⓘ Myshik-Kol deposit (Myshikkol deposit)	Badalov et al. (1975)
ⓘ Perevalnoe deposit	Badalov et al. (1975)
ⓘ Tashbulak deposit	Badalov et al. (1975)

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Schapbachite

About SchapbachiteHide

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Similar NamesHide

IMA Classification of SchapbachiteHide

Classification of SchapbachiteHide

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Physical Properties of SchapbachiteHide

Optical Data of SchapbachiteHide

Chemistry of SchapbachiteHide

Crystallography of SchapbachiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

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Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of SchapbachiteHide

Synonyms of SchapbachiteHide

Other Language Names for SchapbachiteHide

Relationship of Schapbachite to other SpeciesHide

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Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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References for SchapbachiteHide

Localities for SchapbachiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide