Cupropavonite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Cupropavonite
Martin Alfred Peacock
Formula:
Cu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5
Also given as AgCu2PbBi5S10.
Colour:
Lead-grey to tin-white
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
7.04 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1979 by Sven Karup-Møller and Emil Makoviky for the dominant copper content and relationship to pavonite (named for Martin Alfred Peacock; pavo = peacock in Latin).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1187
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1187:3
IMA Classification of Cupropavonite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu1+0.9Ag1+0.5Pb2+0.6Bi3+2.5S2-5
Approval year:
1978
First published:
1979
Classification of Cupropavonite
2.JA.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
3.8.10.6
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
5.7.44
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cpav | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cupropavonite
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-grey to tin-white
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
7.04 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cupropavonite
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 45.1% | 48.2% |
| 440nm | 45.0% | 49.4% |
| 480nm | 44.4% | 50.2% |
| 520nm | 43.4% | 49.1% |
| 560nm | 42.5% | 47.5% |
| 600nm | 42.1% | 46.4% |
| 640nm | 41.9% | 46.2% |
| 680nm | 41.6% | 46.0% |
| 700nm | 41.2% | 45.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 50.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Weak in air, weak to distinct in oil
Chemistry of Cupropavonite
Mindat Formula:
Cu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5
Also given as AgCu2PbBi5S10.
Also given as AgCu2PbBi5S10.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Sb
Crystallography of Cupropavonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.45 Å, b = 4.02 Å, c = 33.06 Å
β = 93.5°
β = 93.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.346 : 1 : 8.224
Unit Cell V:
1,784.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Fine lamellar intergrowths with pavonite.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.892 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.257 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.193 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.118 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.019 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.007 Å | (very strong) |
| 1.8011 Å | (very strong) |
Comments:
Alaska mine, Colorado, USA. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Mesothermal base and precious metal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Cupropavonite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 1124.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Exsolved in pavonite and associated with interstitial gustavite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Cupropavonite
Other Language Names for Cupropavonite
Dutch:Cupropavoniet
German:Cupropavonit
Relationship of Cupropavonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Pavonite Homologous Series:
| Benjaminite | Ag3Bi7S12 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Cupromakopavonite | Ag3Cu8Pb4Bi19S38 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Cupromakovickyite | Cu4AgPb2Bi9S18 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Dantopaite | Ag5Bi13S22 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Graţianite | MnBi2S4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Grumiplucite | HgBi2S4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Kudriavite | (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Luboržákite | Mn2AsSbS5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Makovickyite | Cu1.12Ag0.81Pb0.27Bi5.35S9 | Mon. 2/m |
| Mummeite | Cu0.58Ag3.11Pb1.10Bi6.65S13 | Mon. |
| Pavonite | AgBi3S5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Sunshuite | FeBi2S4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Cupropavonite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Cupropavonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Cupropavonite associated with 'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb' | (Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)5Pb5Bi11S27 |
| 3 photos of Cupropavonite associated with Benjaminite | Ag3Bi7S12 |
| 2 photos of Cupropavonite associated with Pavonite | AgBi3S5 |
| 2 photos of Cupropavonite associated with Dantopaite | Ag5Bi13S22 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.JA. | Ferdowsiite | Ag8(Sb5As3)S16 |
| 2.JA. | Luboržákite | Mn2AsSbS5 |
| 2.JA. | Sangenaroite | Ag8(Sb8-xAsx)SΣ16 |
| 2.JA.05a | Pavonite | AgBi3S5 |
| 2.JA.05b | Grumiplucite | HgBi2S4 |
| 2.JA.05c | Kudriavite | (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4 |
| 2.JA.05d | Cupromakovickyite | Cu4AgPb2Bi9S18 |
| 2.JA.05e | Benjaminite | Ag3Bi7S12 |
| 2.JA.05i | Livingstonite | HgSb4S6(S2) |
| 2.JA.05h | Mozgovaite | PbBi4S7 |
| 2.JA.05 | Dantopaite | Ag5Bi13S22 |
| 2.JA.05 | Selenodantopaite | Ag5Bi13Se22 |
| 2.JA.05g | Borodaevite | Ag5(Bi,Pb,Fe)8(Sb,Bi)2S17 |
| 2.JA.05a | Cupromakopavonite | Ag3Cu8Pb4Bi19S38 |
| 2.JA.05d | Makovickyite | Cu1.12Ag0.81Pb0.27Bi5.35S9 |
| 2.JA.05f | Mummeite | Cu0.58Ag3.11Pb1.10Bi6.65S13 |
| 2.JA.10b | Kupčíkite | Cu3.4Fe0.6Bi5S10 |
| 2.JA.10d | Pizgrischite | (Cu,Fe)Cu14PbBi17S35 |
| 2.JA.10c | Hodrušite | Cu8Bi12S22 |
| 2.JA.10a | Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| 2.JA.10e | Padĕraite | Cu7[(Cu,Ag)0.33Pb1.33Bi11.33]S22 |
| 2.JA.15 | Schapbachite | Ag0.4Pb0.2Bi0.4S |
| 2.JA.15 | Cuboargyrite | AgSbS2 |
| 2.JA.20 | Matildite | AgBiS2 |
| 2.JA.20 | Volynskite | AgBiTe2 |
| 2.JA.20 | Bohdanowiczite | AgBiSe2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Etch tests are negative with solutions of KOH, HgCl2, KCN, FeCl3, and HCl (1:1).
HNO3 (1:1) produces a yellow-brown film.
Concentrated HNO3 etches cupropavonite more strongly than pavonite.
HNO3 (1:1) produces a yellow-brown film.
Concentrated HNO3 etches cupropavonite more strongly than pavonite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cupropavonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1187.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Cupropavonite
Reference List:
Karup-Møller, Sven, Makovicky, Emil (1979) On pavonite, cupropavonite, benjaminite and «oversubstituted » gustavite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 102 (4) 351-367 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1979.7330
Fleischer, M.; Mandarino, J.A.; Pabst, A. (1980) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 65 (1-2). 205-210
Localities for Cupropavonite
Showing 30 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Silva (2017) |
Germany | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
Iran | |
| Mousavi Motlagh et al. (2024) |
Italy | |
| Deidda et al. (2022) |
| Deidda et al. (2023) | |
| Gian Claudio Lecca et al. (2024) | |
| Venerandi Pirri (2002) |
Japan | |
| 島倉広至 et al. (2015) |
Peru | |
| Duval et al. (1986) |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
Russia | |
| Rogov et al. (2023) |
| Rogov et al. (2023) | |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Mineral News: 16 (9) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Nuffield (1980) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker (2003) |
| Kovalenker et al. (1997) |
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Missouri Mine, Hall Valley, Montezuma Mining District, Park County, Colorado, USA