Kladnoite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Kladnoite
View of the mine from the dumps
Kladno mine, Libušin, Kladno District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic
Kladno mine, Libušin, Kladno District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic
Formula:
C6H4(CO)2NH
Colour:
Yellow, white, colourless
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after the type locality, Kladno Mine, Libušin, Kladno, Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia, Czech Republic.
Chemically identical to phthalimide (phthalic acid imide, systematically named isoindole-1,3-dione; also known as 1,3-dioxoisoindole - a derivative of the heterocyclic compound, i.e., non-carbon-containing carbon cyclic organic compound, indole).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2222
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2222:0
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Kladnoite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1942
Classification of Kladnoite
10.CA.25
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
C : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
A : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
C : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
A : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
50.4.8.1
50 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4 : Miscellaneous
50 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4 : Miscellaneous
32.10
32 : Hydrocarbons, Resins and other Organic Compounds
32 : Hydrocarbons, Resins and other Organic Compounds
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kdn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kladnoite
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow, white, colourless
Streak:
White
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Optical Data of Kladnoite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.501 nβ = 1.519 nγ = 1.755
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.254
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Chemistry of Kladnoite
Mindat Formula:
C6H4(CO)2NH
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kladnoite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 22.7 Å, b = 7.61 Å, c = 3.76 Å
β = 91.32°
β = 91.32°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.983 : 1 : 0.494
Unit Cell V:
649.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Type material forms include predominant {100} and prisms {110}, {230}, {120}.
Comment:
Space group P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009427 | Kladnoite | Matzat E (1972) Die kristallstruktur des phtalimids (kladnoit) Acta Crystallographica B28 415-418 |  | 1972 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.4 Å | (18) |
| 6.35 Å | (95) |
| 5.70 Å | (100) |
| 3.74 Å | (14) |
| 3.38 Å | (14) |
| 3.28 Å | (30) |
| 3.13 Å | (14) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Kladnoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Monoclinic crystals of "ruler" habit.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Burning coal heaps.
Synonyms of Kladnoite
Other Language Names for Kladnoite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 10.CA. | Allantoin | C4H6N4O3 |
| 10.CA. | Pabellóndepicaite | Cu2+2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2(NO3)Cl · 2H2O |
| 10.CA. | Bojarite | Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2 · 6H2O |
| 10.CA. | Natrosulfatourea | Na2(SO4)[CO(NH2)2] |
| 10.CA. | 'Tholins' | (C,H,N) |
| 10.CA. | Fuchunite | Ba(C2H3O3)2(C2H4O3)2 |
| 10.CA.05 | Refikite | C20H32O2 |
| 10.CA.10 | Flagstaffite | C10H22O3 |
| 10.CA.15 | Hoelite | C14H8O2 |
| 10.CA.20 | Abelsonite | Ni(C31H32N4) |
| 10.CA.30 | 'Tinnunculite (of Chesnokov & Shcherbakova)' | C10H12N8O8 |
| 10.CA.30 | Guanine | C5H5N5O |
| 10.CA.35 | Urea | CO(NH2)2 |
| 10.CA.40 | Uricite | C5H4N4O3 |
| 10.CA.45 | Chanabayaite | CuCl(N3C2H2)(NH3) · 0.25H2O |
| 10.CA.50 | Triazolite | NaCu2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2Cl3 · 4H2O |
| 10.CA.55 | Ernstburkeite | Mg(CH3SO3)2 · 12H2O |
| 10.CA.60 | Joanneumite | Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2 |
| 10.CA.65 | Tinnunculite | C5H4N4O3 · 2H2O |
| 10.CA.70 | 'Dopplerite' |
Fluorescence of Kladnoite
none
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Phthalimide with a purity of at least 99% (w/w) melts at 234 - 236 °C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kladnoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2222.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kladnoite
Reference List:
Jehlička, J., Žáček, V., Edwards, H.G.M., Shcherbakova, E., Moroz, T. (2007) Raman spectra of organic compounds kladnoite (C6H4(CO)2NH) and hoelite (C14H8O2)—Rare sublimation products crystallising on self-ignited coal heaps. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 68 (4) 1053-1057 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2007.02.009
Localities for Kladnoite
Showing 7 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Czech Republic | |
| Žáček et al. (1995) |
| Rost (1942) +1 other reference |
| Žáček et al. (1998) |
Poland | |
| Fabiańska et al. (2015) |
| Kruszewski et al. (2020) |
Russia | |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| Pekov (1998) |
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Kladno mine, Libušin, Kladno District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic