Huemulite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Huemulite

View of "Huemul" Uranium Mine abandoned.
Huemul Mine, Pampa Amarilla mining district, Malargüe Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina
Huemul Mine, Pampa Amarilla mining district, Malargüe Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina
Formula:
Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O
Colour:
Yellowish orange to orange
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.39
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1966 by C. E. Gordillo, E. Linares, R. O. Toubes, and Horace Winchell for one of the type localities: Huemul Mine, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Pronounced "way-muhl-ite".
Easily soluble in water. Dehydrates spontaneously and decrepitates to yellow powder within weeks to months if kept outside of a humid atmosphere. Sealing the specimen in a small storage container can significantly prolong this process.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1941
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1941:1
Similar Names
Classification of Huemulite
The decavanadate cluster found in huemulite. The same cluster is known in a number of other secondary vanadium minerals including, for example, pascoite, wernerbaurite, and hughesite.
IMA Classification of Huemulite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na4Mg[V5+10O28]·24H2O
Approval year:
1965
First published:
1966
Type description reference:
4.HG.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
G : Unclassified V oxides
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
G : Unclassified V oxides
47.2.3.1
47 : VANADIUM OXYSALTS
2 : Anhydrous Vanadium Oxysalts Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
47 : VANADIUM OXYSALTS
2 : Anhydrous Vanadium Oxysalts Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
21.1.6
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
1 : Vanadates of the alkalis and Cu
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
1 : Vanadates of the alkalis and Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hml | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Huemulite
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Natural fine-grained material is dull
Colour:
Yellowish orange to orange
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} perfect; {010} good
{001} perfect; {010} good
Density:
2.39(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.404 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Huemulite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.679(3) nβ = 1.734(3) nγ = 1.742(2)
2V:
Measured: 20° to 25°, Calculated: 40°
Birefringence:
0.063
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.063
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X= light yellow
Y= golden yellow
Z= yellowish orange
Y= golden yellow
Z= yellowish orange
Chemistry of Huemulite
Mindat Formula:
Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Huemulite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.770 Å, b = 11.838 Å, c = 9.018(9) Å
α = 107.2°, β = 112.2°, γ = 101.5°
α = 107.2°, β = 112.2°, γ = 101.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.994 : 1 : 0.762
Unit Cell V:
1,040.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Synthetic crystals are pseudohexagonal elongated along [100].
Comment:
Point Group: 1 or 1; Space Group: P1 or P1.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018461 | Huemulite | Colombo F, Baggio R, Kampf A R (2011) The crystal structure of the elusive huemulite The Canadian Mineralogist 49 849-864 | 2011 | West Sunday mine, Utah, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018460 | Huemulite | Colombo F, Baggio R, Kampf A R (2011) The crystal structure of the elusive huemulite The Canadian Mineralogist 49 849-864 | 2011 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.59 Å | (90) |
| 10.20 Å | (55) |
| 9.12 Å | (60) |
| 8.22 Å | (35) |
| 7.62 Å | (100) |
| 6.07 Å | (15) |
| 5.26 Å | (25) |
| 3.956 Å | (20) |
| 3.795 Å | (25) |
| 3.054 Å | (30) |
| 2.833 Å | (35) |
Comments:
Gordillo, et al. (1966).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Huemulite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fibrous crusts and films, also fine-grained granular.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 120076.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A post-mining mineral derived from Cu-U sandstone/conglomerate deposits.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Huemulite
Other Language Names for Huemulite
Relationship of Huemulite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Pascoite Family:
| Ammoniolasalite | [(NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20] [V10O28] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Bluestreakite | K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Burroite | Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28) · 15H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Caseyite | [(V5+O2)Al10-x(OH)20-2x(H2O)18-2x]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2(Na,K,Ca)2-y(SO4)2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H2O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2) | Mon. |
| Flatimerite | [Al13(OH)24(H2O)24][V5+9V4+O28] · [(SO4)4(H2O)24] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Gunterite | Na4Ca(V10O28) · 20H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Hughesite | Na3Al(V10O28) · 22H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Hummerite | K2Mg2(V10O28) · 16H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Hydropascoite | Ca3(V10O28) · 24H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Kokinosite | Na2Ca2(V10O28) · 24H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Lasalite | Na2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Magnesiopascoite | Ca2Mg(V10O28) · 16H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Nashite | Na3Ca2[(V5+9V4+)O28] · 24H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Okieite | Mg3[V10O28] · 28H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| Postite | Mg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28) · 13H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pccn |
| Protocaseyite | [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28] · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Rakovanite | (NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Schindlerite | {(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28} | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Trebiskyite | Na3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Wernerbaurite | {(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28} | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 8 photos of Huemulite associated with Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O |
| 2 photos of Huemulite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with Corvusite | (Na,K,Ca,Mg)2(V5+,V4+,Fe2+)8O20 · 6-10H2O |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with Rossite | Ca(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with Bluestreakite | K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with 'Slag' | |
| 1 photo of Huemulite associated with Bicapite | [KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2] |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.HG. | Calciodelrioite | Ca(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG. | Trebiskyite | Na3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2O |
| 4.HG. | Cadvanite | Cd(VO3)2 |
| 4.HG.05 | Fervanite | Fe3+4V5+4O16 · 5H2O |
| 4.HG.15 | Vanalite | NaAl9V12O42(OH)4 · 33H2O |
| 4.HG.20 | Simplotite | CaV4+4O9 · 5H2O |
| 4.HG.25 | Vanoxite | V4+4V5+2O13 · 8H2O |
| 4.HG.30 | Navajoite | Fe3+V5+9O24 · 12H2O |
| 4.HG.35 | Delrioite | Sr(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG.40 | Metadelrioite | CaSr(V2O6)(OH)2 |
| 4.HG.45 | Barnesite | (Na,Ca)V6O16 · 3H2O |
| 4.HG.50 | Hendersonite | (Ca,Sr)1.3V6O16 · 6H2O |
| 4.HG.55 | Grantsite | (Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG.60 | Lenoblite | V4+2O4 · 2H2O |
| 4.HG.65 | Satpaevite | Al12V4+2V5+6O37 · 30H2O |
| 4.HG.70 | Pandoraite-Ba | BaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2O |
| 4.HG.70 | Pandoraite-Ca | CaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2O |
Fluorescence of Huemulite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Melts at 500 °C.
Notes:
Soluble in water. Most properties measured on recrystallized material.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Huemulite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1941.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Huemulite
Reference List:
Gordillo, C. E., Linares, E., Toubes, R. O., Winchell, H. (1966) Huemulite, Na4MgV10O28·24H2O, a new hydrous sodium and magnesium vanadate from Huemul Mine, Mendoza Province, Argentina. American Mineralogist, 51 (1-2) 1-13
Localities for Huemulite
Showing 22 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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