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Huemulite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About HuemuliteHide

Formula:
Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O
Colour:
Yellowish orange to orange
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.39
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 1966 by C. E. Gordillo, E. Linares, R. O. Toubes, and Horace Winchell for one of the type localities: Huemul Mine, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Pronounced "way-muhl-ite".
Easily soluble in water. Dehydrates spontaneously and decrepitates to yellow powder within weeks to months if kept outside of a humid atmosphere. Sealing the specimen in a small storage container can significantly prolong this process.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1941
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1941:1

Similar NamesHide

Hamelitea hydrated (H2O) Silicate of Al, Fe and Mg
HemloiteA valid IMA mineral species(Ti,V3+,Fe3+,Al)12(As3+,Sb3+)2O23(OH)
HomiliteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredCa2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10

Classification of HuemuliteHide

00669880017683444897551.jpg
The Decavanadate Cluster

The decavanadate cluster found in huemulite. The same cluster is known in a number of other secondary vanadium minerals including, for example, pascoite, wernerbaurite, and hughesite.

IMA Classification of HuemuliteHide

Approved
IMA Formula:
Na4Mg[V5+10O28]·24H2O
Approval year:
1965
First published:
1966
4.HG.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
G : Unclassified V oxides
47.2.3.1

47 : VANADIUM OXYSALTS
2 : Anhydrous Vanadium Oxysalts Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
21.1.6

21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
1 : Vanadates of the alkalis and Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
HmlIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HuemuliteHide

Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Natural fine-grained material is dull
Colour:
Yellowish orange to orange
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} perfect; {010} good
Density:
2.39(5) g/cm3 (Measured)    2.404 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HuemuliteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.679(3) nβ = 1.734(3) nγ = 1.742(2)
2V:
Measured: 20° to 25°, Calculated: 40°
Birefringence:
0.063
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.063
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X= light yellow
Y= golden yellow
Z= yellowish orange

Chemistry of HuemuliteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O55.243 %
V33.825 %
Na6.106 %
H3.213 %
Mg1.614 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
V
Na
H
Mg

Crystallography of HuemuliteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.770 Å, b = 11.838 Å, c = 9.018(9) Å
α = 107.2°, β = 112.2°, γ = 101.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.994 : 1 : 0.762
Unit Cell V:
1,040.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Synthetic crystals are pseudohexagonal elongated along [100].
Comment:
Point Group: 1 or 1; Space Group: P1 or P1.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0018461HuemuliteColombo F, Baggio R, Kampf A R (2011) The crystal structure of the elusive huemulite The Canadian Mineralogist 49 849-8642011West Sunday mine, Utah, USA0293
0018460HuemuliteColombo F, Baggio R, Kampf A R (2011) The crystal structure of the elusive huemulite The Canadian Mineralogist 49 849-8642011synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.59 Å(90)
10.20 Å(55)
9.12 Å(60)
8.22 Å(35)
7.62 Å(100)
6.07 Å(15)
5.26 Å(25)
3.956 Å(20)
3.795 Å(25)
3.054 Å(30)
2.833 Å(35)
Comments:
Gordillo, et al. (1966).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals

Type Occurrence of HuemuliteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Fibrous crusts and films, also fine-grained granular.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 120076.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A post-mining mineral derived from Cu-U sandstone/conglomerate deposits.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of HuemuliteHide

Other Language Names for HuemuliteHide

Dutch:Huemuliet
German:Huemulit
Spanish:Huemulita

Relationship of Huemulite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Pascoite Family:
Ammoniolasalite[(NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20] [V10O28]Mon. 2/m : B2/b
BluestreakiteK4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2OMon. 2/m
BurroiteCa2(NH4)2(V10O28) · 15H2OTric. 1 : P1
Caseyite[(V5+O2)Al10-x(OH)20-2x(H2O)18-2x]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2(Na,K,Ca)2-y(SO4)2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H2O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2)Mon.
Flatimerite[Al13(OH)24(H2O)24][V5+9V4+O28] · [(SO4)4(H2O)24]Tric. 1 : P1
GunteriteNa4Ca(V10O28) · 20H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
HughesiteNa3Al(V10O28) · 22H2OTric. 1 : P1
HummeriteK2Mg2(V10O28) · 16H2OTric. 1 : P1
HydropascoiteCa3(V10O28) · 24H2OTric. 1 : P1
KokinositeNa2Ca2(V10O28) · 24H2OTric. 1 : P1
LasaliteNa2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
MagnesiopascoiteCa2Mg(V10O28) · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
NashiteNa3Ca2[(V5+9V4+)O28] · 24H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
OkieiteMg3[V10O28] · 28H2OTric. 1 : P1
PascoiteCa2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2OMon. 2 : B2
PostiteMg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28) · 13H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pccn
Protocaseyite[Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28] · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
Rakovanite(NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2OMon. 2/m
Schindlerite{(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28}Tric. 1 : P1
TrebiskyiteNa3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
Wernerbaurite{(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28}Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Huemulite associated with PascoiteCa2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O
2 photos of Huemulite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
1 photo of Huemulite associated with Corvusite(Na,K,Ca,Mg)2(V5+,V4+,Fe2+)8O20 · 6-10H2O
1 photo of Huemulite associated with Montroseite(V3+,Fe3+)O(OH)
1 photo of Huemulite associated with RossiteCa(VO3)2 · 4H2O
1 photo of Huemulite associated with BluestreakiteK4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O
1 photo of Huemulite associated with 'Slag'
1 photo of Huemulite associated with Bicapite[KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2]

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.HG.CalciodelrioiteCa(VO3)2 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.HG.TrebiskyiteNa3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
4.HG.CadvaniteCd(VO3)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.HG.05FervaniteFe3+4V5+4O16 · 5H2OMon.
4.HG.15VanaliteNaAl9V12O42(OH)4 · 33H2OMon.
4.HG.20SimplotiteCaV4+4O9 · 5H2OMon.
4.HG.25VanoxiteV4+4V5+2O13 · 8H2O
4.HG.30NavajoiteFe3+V5+9O24 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
4.HG.35DelrioiteSr(VO3)2 · 4H2OMon.
4.HG.40MetadelrioiteCaSr(V2O6)(OH)2Tric.
4.HG.45Barnesite(Na,Ca)V6O16 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
4.HG.50Hendersonite(Ca,Sr)1.3V6O16 · 6H2OOrth.
4.HG.55Grantsite(Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
4.HG.60LenobliteV4+2O4 · 2H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
4.HG.65SatpaeviteAl12V4+2V5+6O37 · 30H2OOrth.
4.HG.70Pandoraite-BaBaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2OMon. 2 : P2
4.HG.70Pandoraite-CaCaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2OMon. 2 : P2

Fluorescence of HuemuliteHide

Not fluorescent in UV.

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Melts at 500 °C.
Notes:
Soluble in water. Most properties measured on recrystallized material.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HuemuliteHide

References for HuemuliteHide

Localities for HuemuliteHide

Showing 22 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Mendoza Province
    • Malargüe Department
      • Pampa Amarilla mining district
Gordillo et al. (1966)
Anthony et al. (1997)
Anthony et al. (1997)
Gordillo et al. (1966)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Josef Vajdak (2008)
      • Dubno
Sejkora et al. (2003)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
Färber (n.d.) +2 other references
Spain
 
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Joy Desor analysis by Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS: Desor (2018)
UK
 
  • England
    • Devon
      • East Devon
        • Budleigh Salterton
Brian Craik-Smith collection (NHM London XRD ID)
USA
 
  • Colorado
    • Montrose County
Kampf et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Carnegie Museum of Natural History ...
    • San Miguel County
Kampf et al. (2019)
    • Slick Rock Mining District
Collected by and in the collection of ...
Collected by and in the collection of ...
Kampf et al. (2012)
  • Nevada
    • Eureka County
      • Fish Creek Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Gibellini Mining District
        • Fish Creek Range
Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
Castor et al. (2004)
Frost et al. (2005)
  • Utah
    • Grand County
      • Thompsons Mining District
        • D-Day Mine group
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2015
Kampf et al. (2025)
        • Yellow Cat Mesa
Kasatkin et al. (2014) +1 other reference
 
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