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Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA i
Regional Level Types
Caledonia Mine Mine
Mass City Census-designated Place
Ontonagon County County
Michigan State
USA Country

Regional Level Types
Caledonia Mine	Mine
Mass City	Census-designated Place
Ontonagon County	County
Michigan	State
USA	Country

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Lapidary

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Native Copper

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

View of the adit entrance

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Lapidary

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Native Copper

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

View of the adit entrance

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Lapidary

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Native Copper

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

46° 45' 3'' North , 89° 7' 13'' West

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Ontonagon	1,324 (2017)	19.9km
White Pine	474 (2017)	35.3km
South Range	746 (2017)	50.7km
Watersmeet	428 (2017)	53.9km

Mindat Locality ID:

9510

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:9510:8

GUID (UUID V4):

An underground copper mine consisting of two shafts and four adits located approx. 40 miles (ca. 64 km) SW of Houghton, Michigan. The Caledonia Mining Company was organized in 1863 after purchasing the Nebraska and Kansas Mining Company properties. Operations continued until 1871, when Caledonia and the Flinsteel Copper Company merged together. In 1872, the mine closed, having produced approximately 903,000 pounds (ca. 410 t) of refined copper. From 1873 to 1881, the mine was tributed, and another 330,000 pounds (ca. 150 t) of copper was produced, including one mass weighing 40 tons. The mine was dormant until 1937, when Calumet & Hecla reopened the No. 4 adit for exploration but stopped the project due to World War 2. In 1950, C&H returned to continue exploration, drifting, and stoping. Between 1951 and 1958, C&H removed approximately 5.5 million pounds of refined copper from the No. 4 adit. In 1985, Red Metal Explorations acquired the Caledonia Mine and conducted exploration of the property until 2013, when Evergreen Explorations purchased the property. The mine was the centerpiece for a week-long series of mineral collecting field trips in August put on by local organizations. The mine is exceptional for copper, silver, and datolite, as well as a range of microminerals.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Copper

Mineral List

20 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Brochantite

Formula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Cuprite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Datolite

Formula: CaB(SiO₄)(OH)

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Gerhardtite

Formula: Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Jacquesdietrichite

Formula: Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃

References:

Travis Olds collection

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Likasite

Formula: Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

Travis Olds collection

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)

Formula: Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)

References:

www.sauktown sales.com

ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup'

Formula: Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Saponite

Formula: Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

Huizing, M.E. (1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals: 63(6): 494.

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

Pat Eisenberg

Gallery:

Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine

Pennine, etc.

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Pennine, etc.

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

Pennine, etc.

Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Cuprite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Goethite	4.FD.10	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Gerhardtite	5.NB.05	Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃
ⓘ	Likasite	5.ND.05	Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O
Group 6 - Borates
ⓘ	Jacquesdietrichite	6.AB.80	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Brochantite	7.BB.25	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Datolite	9.AJ.20	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Pumpellyite-(Mg)	9.BG.20	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
ⓘ	Prehnite	9.DP.20	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Saponite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Pennine	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Pumpellyite Subgroup'	-	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Gerhardtite	Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Likasite	Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
H	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
H	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Jacquesdietrichite	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
B	ⓘ Jacquesdietrichite	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
N	Nitrogen
N	ⓘ Gerhardtite	Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃
N	ⓘ Likasite	Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Gerhardtite	Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Likasite	Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
O	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Jacquesdietrichite	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
Mg	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Al	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
Al	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Si	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Ca	ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Gerhardtite	Cu₂(NO₃)(OH)₃
Cu	ⓘ Likasite	Cu₃(NO₃)(OH)₅ · 2H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Jacquesdietrichite	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent

North America PlateTectonic Plate

Mid-continent DomainDomain
Mid-continent RiftNarrow Rift

USA

Michigan
- Keweenaw PeninsulaPeninsula
Midcontinent RiftGeologic Province

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Butler, B.S.; Burbank, W.S. (1929) The copper deposits of Michigan. Professional Paper 144. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp144

Morris, Tom (1983) Michigan Mineralogy. A locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 58 (3). 107-113 doi:10.1080/00357529.1983.11767128p.112

(1988) Museum Notes and Announcements. Rocks & Minerals, 63 (6) 493-494 doi:10.1080/00357529.1988.11761892

Rosemeyer, Tom (1990) Through the 'Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 65 (3) 240-243 doi:10.1080/00357529.1990.11761677

The Copper Country Rock & Mineral Club (2001) Red Gold and Tarnished Silver (2nd ed.). Self-published. 44pp.

Heinrich, E. W., Robinson, George Willard (2004) Mineralogy of Michigan (2nd ed.) A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum and Michigan Technological University. 252pp.

Kaminski-Hamka, T. (2011) The Copper Mines of Ontonagon County, Michigan. Copperlady Press. 154 pages.

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Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USAiRegional Level TypesCaledonia MineMine Mass CityCensus-designated Place Ontonagon CountyCounty MichiganState USACountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA i
Regional Level Types
Caledonia Mine Mine
Mass City Census-designated Place
Ontonagon County County
Michigan State
USA Country