El Refugio mine, Galena Mining District, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| El Refugio mine | Mine |
| Galena Mining District | Mining District |
| Lawrence County | County |
| South Dakota | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
44° 20' 17'' North , 104° 21' 0'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Deadwood | 1,258 (2017) | 8.4km |
| Lead | 2,999 (2017) | 10.2km |
| Central City | 130 (2017) | 11.1km |
| Sturgis | 6,688 (2017) | 13.0km |
| Whitewood | 919 (2017) | 13.7km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Western Dakota Gem & Mineral Society | Rapid City, South Dakota | 43km |
Composed of several openings in the "Upper Contact" and "Lower Contact" of the Deadwood Formation. The ore produced was 75% galena (60 ounces silver per ton and 65% lead) and 25% oxidized ore (30 ounces silver per ton and 30% lead).
Located in 1876. By 1877 a smelter was constructed across the creek from the mine. It's first run was on galena and carbonate ore from the mine. The smelter only recovered 67% to 75% of the silver content, deemed a failure and closed.
The smelter was repaired in 1880, but by 1881 the mine was shipping all ore to Omaha, Nebraska. The mine closed in 1883. Two brief attempts to operate it occurred in 1889 and 1904.
Wulfenite collecting is from the "Upper Contact" dumps near the top of Mineral Hill.
Deposit: Hard copy file contains file report plus maps.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
11 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Adamite Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH) Colour: colorless, greenish |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 |
| ⓘ Chlorargyrite Formula: AgCl |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O References: Frank KarastiIdentified by Frank Karasti: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' References: Frank KarastiIdentified by Frank Karasti: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl References: Frank KarastiIdentified by Frank Karasti: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Native Silver Formula: Ag |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: Frank KarastiIdentified by Frank Karasti: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Rosasite Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 References: Frank KarastiIdentified by Frank Karasti: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Chlorargyrite | 3.AA.15 | AgCl |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rosasite | 5.BA.10 | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Adamite | 8.BB.30 | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Zn | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Silver | Ag |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10177402 |
|---|
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Wyoming CratonCraton
- Wyoming DomainDomain
USA
- Black HillsMountain Range
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El Refugio mine, Galena Mining District, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA