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Khusib Springs Mine (Khuiseb Springs Mine), Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia i
Regional Level Types
Khusib Springs Mine (Khuiseb Springs Mine) Mine
Grootfontein Constituency Constituency
Otjozondjupa Region Region
Namibia Country

Regional Level Types
Khusib Springs Mine (Khuiseb Springs Mine)	Mine
Grootfontein Constituency	Constituency
Otjozondjupa Region	Region
Namibia	Country

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Azurite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Wulfenite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Enargite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Azurite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Wulfenite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Enargite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Azurite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Wulfenite

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

19° 25' 24'' South , 18° 1' 25'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

BSh : Hot semi-arid (steppe) climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Grootfontein	24,099 (2014)	18.7km
Tsumeb	12,190 (2013)	38.5km

Owned/operated by:

Weatherly International

Mindat Locality ID:

4489

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:4489:2

GUID (UUID V4):

A copper mine in a base-metal deposit.
The Khusib Springs mine was commissioned in 1996 to replace Tsumeb. Grades at Khusib are unusually high but the deposit appears relatively small.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Copper

ⓘ Lead

ⓘ Zinc

Mineral List

26 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

Chetty, D., Frimmel, H. E. (2000) The role of evaporites in the genesis of base metal sulphide mineralisation in the Northern Platform of the Pan-African Damara Belt, Namibia: geochemical and fluid inclusion evidence from carbonate wall rock alteration. Mineralium Deposita, 35 (4) 364-376 doi:10.1007/s001260050247

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Kampunzu, A.B.; Cailteux, J.L.H.; Kamona, A.F.; Intiomale, M.M.; Melcher, F. (2009) Sediment-hosted Zn–Pb–Cu deposits in the Central African Copperbelt. Ore Geology Reviews, 35 (3). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.02.003

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

ⓘ Colusite

Formula: Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆

References:

ⓘ 'Copper Sulphides'

References:

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ Enargite

Formula: Cu₃AsS₄

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (2) 109-130

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

ⓘ Germanite

Formula: Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆

References:

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

von Bezing, Ludi (2007) Namibia - Minerals and Localities (1st ed.). Bode Verlag GmbH.

ⓘ Pearceite

Formula: [Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

ⓘ Polybasite

Formula: [Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (2) 109-130

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

von Bezing, Ludi (2007) Namibia - Minerals and Localities (1st ed.). Bode Verlag GmbH.

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ Stannoidite

Formula: Cu⁺₆Cu²⁺₂(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂

References:

von Bezing, Ludi (2007) Namibia - Minerals and Localities (1st ed.). Bode Verlag GmbH.

ⓘ Stromeyerite

Formula: AgCuS

References:

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (2) 109-130

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite'

Formula: (Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃

References:

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

References:

ⓘ Tungstenite

Formula: WS₂

References:

ⓘ Wulfenite

Formula: Pb(MoO₄)

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (2) 109-130

Gallery:

Cu₃AsS₄ⓘ Enargite

Enargite, etc.

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Enargite, etc.

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Enargite, etc.

Khusib Springs Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Stromeyerite	2.BA.40	AgCuS
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Stannoidite	2.CB.15c	Cu⁺₆Cu²⁺₂(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
ⓘ	Colusite	2.CB.30	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆
ⓘ	Germanite	2.CB.30	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Tungstenite	2.EA.30	WS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite'	2.GB.05	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
ⓘ	Pearceite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Polybasite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Enargite	2.KA.05	Cu₃AsS₄
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Wulfenite	7.GA.05	Pb(MoO₄)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Copper Sulphides'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Colusite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Germanite	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Stannoidite	Cu₆⁺Cu₂²⁺(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
S	ⓘ Stromeyerite	AgCuS
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tungstenite	WS₂
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Colusite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Germanite	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Stannoidite	Cu₆⁺Cu₂²⁺(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
Fe	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Colusite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
Cu	ⓘ Germanite	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Stannoidite	Cu₆⁺Cu₂²⁺(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
Cu	ⓘ Stromeyerite	AgCuS
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Stannoidite	Cu₆⁺Cu₂²⁺(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
Zn	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Ge	Germanium
Ge	ⓘ Germanite	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Colusite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆
As	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
As	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Mo	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Stromeyerite	AgCuS
Ag	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tennantite	(Cu,Ag)₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Stannoidite	Cu₆⁺Cu₂²⁺(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Tungstenite	WS₂
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent

African PlateTectonic Plate

Congo Craton
- Angolan ShieldShield

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Cairncross, Bruce (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (2) 109-130

Melcher, F. (2003): The Otavi mountain land in Namibia: Tsumeb, germanium and snowball earth. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft 148, 413-435. [https://www.uibk.ac.at/mineralogie/oemg/bd_148/148_413-435.pdf]

Melcher, F., Oberthür, T., Rammlmair, D. (2006): Geochemical and mineralogical distribution of germanium in the Khusib Springs Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag sulphide deposit, Otavi Mountain Land, Namibia. Ore Geology Reviews 28, 32-56. [http://www.researchgate.net/publication/223737510_Geochemical_and_mineralogical_distribution_of_germanium_in_the_Khusib_Springs_CuZnPbAg_sulfide_deposit_Otavi_Mountain_Land_Namibia]

www.portergeo.com.au (n.d.) http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn1015

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