Tollgate Quarry (Tollgate Mine; Bidwell Quarry; China-stone Quarry), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Tollgate Quarry (Tollgate Mine; Bidwell Quarry; China-stone Quarry) | Quarry |
| Middletown | City |
| Middlesex County | County |
| Connecticut | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 31' 58'' North , 72° 36' 37'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Middletown | 46,756 (2017) | 4.7km |
| Portland | 5,862 (2017) | 5.1km |
| Higganum | 1,698 (2017) | 6.0km |
| Cromwell | 13,750 (2017) | 7.5km |
| Durham | 2,933 (2017) | 8.2km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Lapidary and Mineral Society of Central Connecticut | Meriden, Connecticut | 16km |
| Bristol Gem & Mineral Club | Bristol, Connecticut | 32km |
| New Haven Mineral Club | New Haven, Connecticut | 36km |
A granite pegmatite quarried on and off since perhaps 1825 for mica and feldspar. It was called the "china-stone quarry" by Shepard (1837) and Hall (1840) and by 1850 it featured the first feldspar grinding mill in the United States (Cameron et al, 1954). Most of the mining is said to have been done for feldspar and mica prior to 1896, but intermittent operations were conducted between 1896 and 1926. Watts (1916) called it the Bidwell Quarry and Cameron et al (1954) noted that in the 1940s it was still owned by Ernest S. Bidwell. Fausto Bertolini of New Haven, Conn., worked the mine for mica and feldspar from July 1943 to January 1945.
The name Tollgate refers to the quarry's proximity to the old Middlesex Turnpike toll road (1802-1876), which later became state Route 9, then 9A, and finally 154. Foye (1922) is the first reference to use that name, by which it has been known ever since.
Perhaps best known for columbite-(Fe), Shepard (1837) described this early find:
The china-stone quarry at Middletown has furnished the most extraordinary specimens of columbite yet described in the world. A single group of crystals obtained at this place weighed fourteen pounds. It occurs in crystals disseminated through the feldspar, many of which are very remarkable, not only for their size, but for their perfection of form.
A 7 x 7 inch portion of it weighing nearly 13 pounds was purchased by Wesleyan University. Hall (1838) describes his visit to the quarry and seeing the columbite, then the largest known in the world, on display at Wesleyan. Crystals from this quarry were used during the 19th century by many researchers to eventually work out the chemistry of the columbite-tantalite series. Dana (1837, 1856 and 1857) provided analyses showing that the Middletown crystals are columbite-(Fe).
Some authors speculate that the first columbite crystal, found by Governor Winthrop in the mid-17th century and eventually analyzed in Britain by Hatchett in 1802, came from this pegmatite. Richard Schooner noted that when the crystal was found there was no clear demarcation of where Middletown ended and New London (where it was supposedly found, though none have ever been found there) began and always believed that Middletown was the logical choice. However, large crystals were also found at an outcrop in Haddam later prospected for columbite (https://www.mindat.org/loc-193458.html).
According to Cameron (1954) surface workings in 1945 consisted of an open pit 350 feet long, 65 feet in average width, and 30 feet in average depth. Underground workings consist of two inclines, each 45 feet long, and two drifts, each 40 feet long. In the early 1990s the quarry was filled when a church was built on the property.
Cameron et al (1954) gives the most detailed description of the pegmatite:
The pegmatite is a tabular lens with irregular walls. It is at least 500 feet long and has been mined for a maximum distance of 140 feet down dip. It ranges from 4 inches to 60 feet in thickness, and averages 20 to 25 feet. The pegmatite strikes north-south and dips 50° W; it seems to terminate just north of the workings. It is concordant with the foliation and bedding of fine- to medium-grained quartz-muscovite-biotite schist that has layers of fine-grained quartzite, 1 to 6 inches thick. The wall rock adjacent to the contact is rich in tourmaline and garnet.
The border zone, 1 to 7 inches thick, consists of fine-grained quartz and muscovite with minor massive white plagioclase. The wall zone, 1 to 6 feet thick, consists of fine- to coarse-grained milky quartz, white plagioclase (locally cleavelandite) and accessory sheet-bearing muscovite, [microcline] perthite and garnet.
The quartz-[microcline] perthite zone is coarse-grained. It consists of quartz and [microcline] perthite, with subordinate plagioclase and muscovite, and accessory biotite [annite], apatite, garnet, tourmaline, columbite-tantalite, autunite and torbernite. The outer part of the zone - adjacent to the wall zone - seems to be richer in plagioclase and perhaps, if better exposures were available, the quartz-[microcline] perthite zone could be divided into 2 zones. Pods of milky quartz as much as 4 by 30 feet lie in the quartz-[microcline] perthite zone. Mica books of poor quality lie near the margins of some pods. Apatite occurs in aggregates of subhedral pale green crystals that average 1/4 inch in diameter. The aggregates are 3 inches to 2 feet in diameter and occur chiefly in [microcline] perthite masses. Almost all of them contain subhedral plates of columbite-tantalite 1/8 to 1 inch long.
The border zone, 1 to 7 inches thick, consists of fine-grained quartz and muscovite with minor massive white plagioclase. The wall zone, 1 to 6 feet thick, consists of fine- to coarse-grained milky quartz, white plagioclase (locally cleavelandite) and accessory sheet-bearing muscovite, [microcline] perthite and garnet.
The quartz-[microcline] perthite zone is coarse-grained. It consists of quartz and [microcline] perthite, with subordinate plagioclase and muscovite, and accessory biotite [annite], apatite, garnet, tourmaline, columbite-tantalite, autunite and torbernite. The outer part of the zone - adjacent to the wall zone - seems to be richer in plagioclase and perhaps, if better exposures were available, the quartz-[microcline] perthite zone could be divided into 2 zones. Pods of milky quartz as much as 4 by 30 feet lie in the quartz-[microcline] perthite zone. Mica books of poor quality lie near the margins of some pods. Apatite occurs in aggregates of subhedral pale green crystals that average 1/4 inch in diameter. The aggregates are 3 inches to 2 feet in diameter and occur chiefly in [microcline] perthite masses. Almost all of them contain subhedral plates of columbite-tantalite 1/8 to 1 inch long.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Description: Probably in the host rock. |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Colour: white Description: abundantly found at this place, lining cavities in small translucent or transparent crystals, both simple and compound (Shepard 1837) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Description: In the wall zone. References: |
| ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
| ⓘ Annite Formula: KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Description: Accessory in the quartz-microcline zone. fka biotite References: |
| ⓘ Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O Habit: flakes, minute tabular crystals and thin scales Colour: lemon yellow Fluorescence: green Description: Probably actually meta-autunite. Associated with fluorapatite, uraninite, meta-torbernite. "Areas as broad as three and four inches on a specimen were covered well with flakes of autunite." (Jones 1960) |
| ⓘ Bertrandite Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 Description: "L. N. Yedlin has recently described a four inch group of fine crystals" (Schooner 1958) |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Colour: yellow-green Description: large crystals of a greenish yellow color (Shepard 1837) |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ✪ Columbite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6 Habit: skeletal, prismatic Colour: black with iridescence Description: Dana (1837) gives analytical results: "columbic acid" (a mix of niobic and tantalic acid) 73.90%, "protoxyd of iron" 15.65%, "protoxyd of manganese" 8.00%. The specific gravity was 5.95, now known to corresponding to about 70% niobium to 30% tantalum in the "columbic acid". Later analyses that could separate "columbic acid" into niobium and tantalum oxides confirmed these results.
"The china-stone quarry at Middletown has furnished the most extraordinary specimens of columbite yet described in the world. A single group of crystals obtained at this place weighed fourteen pounds. It occurs in crystals disseminated through the feldspar, many of which are very remarkable, not only for their size, but for their perfection of form." (Shepard 1837)
Accessory in the quartz-microcline zone, also in fluorapatite aggregates. |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Description: Probably in the host rock. |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Habit: short six and twelve-sided prisms, subhedral aggregates Colour: pale reddish white, through bluish white to asparagus-green, pale green Fluorescence: yellow Description: "The Tollgate Mine has some very large manganapatite. It was observed in massive sections up to four inches across. The greatest amount is smaller in size but also massive. No individual crystals were observed here. The material is associated with the mica, feldspar, quartz and secondary uranium minerals." (Jones 1960)
"in short six and twelve-sided prisms, from one quarter, to above an inch in diameter. Their color varies from pale reddish white, through bluish white to asparagus-green; and where penetrated by [uranophane] they present a citron-yellow color." (Shepard 1837)
Accessory in the quartz-microcline zone. "Apatite occurs in aggregates of subhedral pale green crystals that average 1/4 inch in diameter. The aggregates are 3 inches to 2 feet in diameter and occur chiefly in perthite masses. Almost all of them contain subhedral plates of columbite-tantalite 1/8 to 1 inch long." (Cameron 1954) |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Habit: coatings Colour: green, purple Description: some green and purple coatings on schist References: |
| ⓘ 'Lepidolite' References: |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Habit: subhedral, elongated crystals of the "sexdécimal figure", elongated in the direction of the edges formed by the meeting of the planes P and M, and which incline to each other under 90 degrees (Shepard 1837) Colour: white with a slight tinge of yellow, salmon Description: In the quartz-microcline zone it occurs as salmon-colored anhedral to subhedral crystals, 6 inches to 7 feet long, and in 1-inch grains in quartz-feldspar aggregates (Cameron et al 1954) |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Habit: tabular Colour: pale ruby Description: "The mica books in the wall zone are pale ruby, and are 4 inches in average diameter and 3/4 inch in thickness. Some books exceed 5 feet in diameter and are more than 1 foot thick. Most of the mica is clear, but many books are wedge-shaped and marred by “A” structure, ruling and reeving. The average mica content of the wall zone is probably much less than 5 percent." (Cameron et al 1954) References: |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: massive Description: In all zones of the pegmatite. Jones (1960) mentions quartz "which fluoresced a good white to blue-white". Scheelite inclusions perhaps? References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: massive Colour: rose |
| ⓘ Rutile ? Formula: TiO2 Description: No specimens available for study. The Shepard (1837) report does not adequately support the identification of rutile. |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Description: "scheelite has been reported or observed in minute amounts" (Jones 1960) References: |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Habit: massive Colour: blackish brown Description: Described by Shepard as "marasmolite", found by Silliman (1851) to be the iron-rich "marmatite variety of blende" [sphalerite]. Schooner 1958 writes: "Harry Dickerson, former operator of the Tollgate Mine, showed the author a concentration of the mineral in the shaft where the last work was done there. Very rich specimens, up to a foot across, composed of about equal proportions of sphalerite and quartz or sphalerite and albite, were collected on that occasion. While sphalerite is a common pegmatite mineral, this has been the most outstanding occurrence of the type to be seen in Connecticut." |
| ⓘ ' Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 Colour: blood-red Description: Mistake for columbite-tantalite series. |
| ⓘ Topaz ? Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ Torbernite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O Habit: minute tabular crystals and thin scales Colour: green Description: Probably actually metatorbernite.
"in minute tabular crystals and thin scales of a siskin-green...It is attended by pitchblende [uraninite], uranium ochre [uranophane] and apatite" (Shepard 1837) and meta-autunite
"It occurs occupying small cavities, mostly situated in pitchblende [uraninite]. Its texture is earthy, and its color dark green" (Shepard 1837)
Accessory in the quartz-microcline zone. |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Description: "The wall rock adjacent to the contact is rich in tourmaline and garnet." (Cameron et al 1954) |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 Habit: octahedral, massive Colour: black Description: "massive and impalpable in composition, though often bounded by faces which belong to the octahedral crystallization" (Shepard 1837)
Associated with secondaries. |
| ⓘ Uranophane Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O Description: Alteration of uraninite, associated with it and other secondary minerals. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite Formula: Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile ? | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| ⓘ | Torbernite | 8.EB.05 | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | var. Cyrtolite | 9.AD.30 | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| ⓘ | Topaz ? | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Uranophane | 9.AK.15 | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Annite | 9.EC.20 | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tantalite' ? | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| U | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Ganderia DomainDomain
- GranderiaPassive Margin
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References
Schooner, Richard. (c.1980): The Mineralogy of Central Connecticut (privately published), 149 pages.
Shepard, Charles Upham (1837) A Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. Geological Survey of Connecticut.
Foye, Wilbur G. (1922) Mineral localities in the vicinity of Middletown, Connecticut. American Mineralogist, 7 (1) 4-12
Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James J., Stewart, Glen W., Shainin, Vincent E. (1954) Pegmatite Investigations, 1942-45, in New England. Geological Survey Professional Paper 255. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp255
Tollgate Quarry, Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA