ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ (1935ึพ2018)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Eli Alon

    ืขืœื™ (ืขืžื ื•ืืœ) ืืœื•ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจืฆ"ื”, 5 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1935. ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื–'ืžื™ืจืกืงื™ ื•ืจื—ืœ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื™ืฆื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื‘ ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ื•. ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื—ืชื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ื' ืขืœื™, ื•ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื—ืชื ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื' ืขืœื™ ืœืฉื™ืจืชื•. ืขืจืš ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™. ืœืืœื•ืŸ ืื— ืชืื•ื, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ, ื™ื•ื ื” ืืœื•ืŸ.
    ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื•ืŸ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœืช "ืื•ืจื ื™ื", ื•ืขืจืš (ืขื ื™ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ) ื›ืžื” ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“: ืžืกื›ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ (1997); ื”ืžื•ืฆื; ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”; ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื ืจ (1998); ื•ืžื™ ืžืคื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื—ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื? ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (2001). ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืชื‘ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืคืงื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืฉื™ื (ืขื ื™ื’ืืœ ืชื•ืžืจืงื™ืŸ, 2000).
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (1966), ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
    ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื: ื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช (1969); ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืงืจืคื“ื™ื (1978); ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช (1989); ื™ื—ืฃ, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจ (1991); ืœื‘ ืฆืขืฆื•ืข, ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ ื–ืžืจ (2003). ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (2005) ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™, ืฉื™ืจื™ ืงื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืžืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื‘-2012 ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื•: ืื™ืชืงื”, ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ, ื•ื’ืŸ-ืฉืžืจ (ืขื ืขืžื™ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื), ืกืคืจ ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจ ื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ.
    ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื›"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืข"ื—, 11 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2018.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
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ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืืชืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขื™ืŸ-ืฉืžืจ]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”"ืฆ, ืชืฉื›"ื• 1966) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜) <ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื“ืคื•ืก - ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืงืžื—ื™>
  • ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืงืจืคื“ื™ื : ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื—) <ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื“>
  • ืจืงื•ื™ืื ืœื‘ืจื•ืฉ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื— 1987) <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœื™>
  • ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื˜ 1989) <"ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ "ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘">
  • ื™ื—ืฃ : ืชื”ื™ืœื™ ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื‘ 1991) <ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื - ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืœื’ื™ (ืื™ื’ื ืฅ)> <ืœืงื˜ ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืฉืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื” 1995) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื•ื•ืื™>
  • ืคืจื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ืฅ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื˜ 1999) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืœื‘ ืฆืขืฆื•ืข : ... ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื™-ื–ืžืจ (ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื“ืœื™ื” : ืžืขืจื›ืช, 2003) <ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคืกืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™>
  • ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื : ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2005) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ืœืื” ืฉื ื™ืจ>
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœืงื”ืœืช : ืžื‘ื—ืจ 1966ึพ2006 (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืก"ื˜ 2009) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื> <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ืœืื” ืฉื ื™ืจ>
  • ืื™ืชืงื” (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืข"ื‘ 2012) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคื•ืœืงื‘ื™ืฅ <ืื™ื’ื ืฅ>>
  • ื’ืŸ-ืฉืžืจ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงืจืข ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืœื•ื’ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื (ื’ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, 2012) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื™ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื>
ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ:
  • ืžืกื›ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ / [ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง] ; ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™-ื‘ืืจ ืžืืช ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ (ืงืจื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืŸ : ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื” - ืื•ืจื ื™ื, 1997) (ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ; ืžืก' 8)
  • ืžืกื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื, ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”, ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ / [ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืจ] ; ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžืืช ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ; ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“ื• ืคืœืžื” (ืงืจื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืŸ : ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื” - ืื•ืจื ื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื— 1998) (ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ; ืžืก' 9)
  • ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง / ืคืจื ืฅ ืงืคืงื ; ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืฉื™ื / ืžืืช ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ; ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื’ืืœ ืชื•ืžืจืงื™ืŸ (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืจื ื™ื, 2000) (ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ; ืžืก' 13)
  • ืฉืžื—ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื / ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ; ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ; ืžื‘ื•ื - ืžื™ ืžืคื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื—ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื? / ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉืœื• (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืจื ื™ื, ืชืฉืก"ื 2001) (ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ; ืžืก' 14)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืขืœ "ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘"
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”.  [ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื• "ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื™ื" ืžืชื•ืš 'ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘']. ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืขื ืฉื™ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 1967), ืขืž' 74ึพ79.
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”.  ื. ืขืœื™: "ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘".  ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ : ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœ"ื‘ 1972), ืขืž' 168ึพ176.
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”.  ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘"ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" ืœื. ืขืœื™. ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื—, ื—ื•ื‘' 4ึพ5 (1977), ืขืž' 220ึพ227.
ืขืœ "ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืงืจืคื“ื™ื"
ืขืœ "ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ" ืœื—"ื  ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง
  • ื‘ื•ืจื’, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ื”ื™ืคืจ-ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื–ืžื ื ื•.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 261 (ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉื "ื—, 25 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1998), ืขืž' 1, 14.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 16 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019

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