Vredenburgite
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About Vredenburgite
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Metallic, Sub-Metallic, Dull
Name:
Named in 1909 by Lewis Leigh Fermor in honor of Ernest Watson Vredenburg [April 17, 1870 Boyonne [Bayonne], France - March 12, 1923 London, England, United Kingdom], a geologist and marine biologist with the Geological Survey of India.
A Mixture Of:
Shown to be oriented exsolution lamellae consisting of manganese-rich and/or zinc-rich oxide species. The original material from India consisted of hausmannite lamellae in jacobsite. Several mineral combinations of vredenburgite and vredenburgite-like exsolutions have been observed at Franklin, New Jersey, USA. Oriented exsolution lamellae of hetaerolite may occur in franklinite and are essentially the same mechanism of formation to the original combination: hausmannite in a spinel group mineral (jacobsite). At Franklin, there was an extension of the use of the term vredenburgite to include oriented exsolutions of manganosite in zincite. A homogeneous "metastable" material with a bulk composition similar to vredenburgite has been found at Langban, Sweden.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
9559
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:9559:0
Similar Names
| Freudenbergite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| α-Vredenburgite | (Mn,Fe)3O4 | |
| β-Vredenburgit | ||
| β-Vredenburgita | ||
| β-Vredenburgite |
Physical Properties of Vredenburgite
Sub-Vitreous, Metallic, Sub-Metallic, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Vredenburgite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-9559.html
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References for Vredenburgite
Reference List:
Localities for Vredenburgite
Showing 5 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| Pincheira et al. (1990) |
| Pincheira et al. (1990) | |
China | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ... |
India | |
| Sivaprakash (1981) |
USA | |
| Mason (1946) |
Pingwu beryl mine, Huya township, Mount Little Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang, Sichuan, China