Paulingite-K
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Paulingite-K
Professor Linus Carl Pauling
Formula:
(K2,Ca,Na2,Ba)5[Al10Si35O90] · 45H2O
Colour:
Colorless to pale yellow
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Linus Carl Pauling (28 February 1901, Portland, Oregon, USA – 19 August 1994, Big Sur, California), professor of chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, "in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the complex structures of silicate minerals and other compounds." He was one of the most important scientists of all time, published more than 1200 papers and books, and was awarded numerous awards including the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, and 1967 Roebling Medal.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Paulingite-K.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7219
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7219:5
Similar Names
| Paulingite | A synonym of Paulingite Subgroup | |
| Paulingite-Ca | A valid IMA mineral species | (Ca,K,Na,Ba, ◻)10 (Si, Al)42O84 · 34H2O |
IMA Classification of Paulingite-K
Approved
IMA Formula:
(K,Ca,Na,Ba,◻)10(Si,Al)42O84·34H2O
First published:
1960
Type description reference:
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Classification of Paulingite-K
9.GC.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
C : Chains of doubly-connected 4-membered rings
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
C : Chains of doubly-connected 4-membered rings
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pau-K | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Paulingite-K
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless to pale yellow
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Optical Data of Paulingite-K
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 1.473 - 1.484
Surface Relief:
Moderate (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Chemistry of Paulingite-K
Mindat Formula:
(K2,Ca,Na2,Ba)5[Al10Si35O90] · 45H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Paulingite-K
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 35.093(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
43,217.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Perfect dodecahedra.
Comment:
Space Group: Im3m
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.29 Å | (100) |
| 6.88 Å | (100) |
| 4.78 Å | (90) |
| 3.261 Å | (90) |
| 3.078 Å | (90) |
| 3.582 Å | (80) |
| 3.346 Å | (80) |
Comments:
Rock Island Dam, Washington, USA. Data are from Kamb and Oke (1960).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals |
Type Occurrence of Paulingite-K
General Appearance of Type Material:
Perfect clear rhombic dodecahedra, 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Vesicular basalt.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Other Language Names for Paulingite-K
Dutch:Paulingiet-K
German:Paulingit-K
Relationship of Paulingite-K to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Paulingite Subgroup:
| Paulingite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na,Ba, ◻)10 (Si, Al)42O84 · 34H2O | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) |
| 'Paulingite-Na' | (Na2,K2,Ca,Ba)5[Al10Si35O90] · 45H2O | Iso. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 11 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Phillipsite-K | K6(Si10Al6)O32 · 12H2O |
| 7 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Clay minerals | |
| 6 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Erionite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| 6 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Clinoptilolite-Ca | Ca3(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| 4 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Erionite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| 2 photos of Paulingite-K associated with Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O |
| 1 photo of Paulingite-K associated with Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| 1 photo of Paulingite-K associated with 'Palagonite' | |
| 1 photo of Paulingite-K associated with Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.GC. | Gismondine-Sr | Sr4(Si8Al8O32) · 9H2O |
| 9.GC. | Garronite-Na | Na6(Al6Si10O32) · 8.5H2O |
| 9.GC.05 | 'Gismondine-Ba' | Ba2Al4Si4O16 · 4-6H2O |
| 9.GC.05 | Garronite-Ca | Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O |
| 9.GC.05 | Gismondine-Ca | CaAl2Si2O8 · 4H2O |
| 9.GC.05 | Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| 9.GC.05 | Amicite | K2Na2Al4Si4O16 · 5H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Martinandresite | Ba2(Al4Si12O32) · 10H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Phillipsite-Ca | Ca3(Si10Al6)O32 · 12H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Phillipsite-K | K6(Si10Al6)O32 · 12H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| 9.GC.10 | Flörkeite | (K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32] · 12H2O |
| 9.GC.15 | Merlinoite | K5Ca2(Si23Al9)O64 · 24H2O |
| 9.GC.20 | Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| 9.GC.20 | Mazzite-Mg | (Mg,K,Ca)5(Si26Al10)O72 · 28H2O |
| 9.GC.25 | Perlialite | K9Na(Ca,Sr)[Al2Si4O12]6 · 15H2O |
| 9.GC.30 | Boggsite | Ca8Na3(Si,Al)96O192 · 70H2O |
| 9.GC.35 | Paulingite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na,Ba, ◻)10 (Si, Al)42O84 · 34H2O |
| 9.GC.35 | 'Paulingite-Na' | (Na2,K2,Ca,Ba)5[Al10Si35O90] · 45H2O |
Radioactivity
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Paulingite-K
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7219.html
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External Links:
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References for Paulingite-K
Reference List:
Kamb, W. B., Oke, W. C. (1960) Paulingite, a new zeolite, in association with erionite and filiform pyrite. American Mineralogist, 45 (1-2) 79-91
Gordon, E. K., Samson, S., Kamb, W. B. (1966) Crystal structure of the zeolite paulingite. Science, 154 (3752) 1004-1007 doi:10.1126/science.154.3752.1004
Tschernich, Rudy D., Wise, W. S. (1982) Paulingite: variations in composition. American Mineralogist, 67. 799-803
Bieniok, A.; Joswig, W.; Baur, W. H. (1996) A study of paulingites: pore filling by cations and water molecules. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 171 (2). 119-134 doi:10.1127/njma/171/1996/119
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Lengauer, C. L., Giester, G., Tillmanns, E. (1997) Mineralogical characterization of paulingite from Vinarická Hora, Czech Republic. Mineralogical Magazine, 61 (407) 591-606 doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.407.10
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (1998) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 83 (11) 1347-1352
Localities for Paulingite-K
Showing 9 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Tschernich et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Passaglia et al. (2001) |
Germany | |
| Passaglia et al. (2001) |
| Passaglia et al. (2001) |
New Zealand | |
| T. Saunderson collection |
Spain | |
| Brighton Alfred collection +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Jaroslaw Skupiewski |
USA | |
| Tschernich (1992) |
| Kamb et al. (1960) +2 other references |
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Gaulsberg quarry, Ortenberg, Wetteraukreis, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany