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Cumengeite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

This page kindly sponsored by John Kashuba

Photos of Cumengeite (240)Discuss Cumengeite

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Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Cumengeite

Amelia Mine, Arroyo de la Soledad, Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

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About CumengeiteHide

Formula:

Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀ · 6H₂O

Colour:

Indigo blue

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous

Hardness:

2½

Specific Gravity:

4.656

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Name:

Named in honor of Bernard Louis Philippe Édouard Cumenge (16 April 1828, Castres, France - 20 July 1902, Paris, France), mining engineer at Boleo, Mexico. He collected the first specimens.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

A secondary mineral.
May be confused with diaboleite.

Correct spelling defined by Burke (2008); other, incorrect spelling is cumengéite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

6894

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:6894:5

Similar NamesHide

Cumengite (of Kenngott)

A synonym of Stibiconite

IMA Classification of CumengeiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺₂₁Cu²⁺₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀·6H₂O

Classification of CumengeiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

3.DB.20

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
B : With Pb, Cu, etc.

Dana 7th ed.:

10.6.7.1

Dana 8th ed.:

10.6.7.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
6 : A_mB_n(O,OH)_pX_q

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Cge	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CumengeiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Indigo blue

Streak:

Sky-blue

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
{101} good; {110} distinct; {001} Poor.

Density:

4.656 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.66 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CumengeiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

RI values:

n_ω = 2.026 - 2.041 n_ε = 1.926 - 1.965

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.076 - 0.100
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.

Thickness: 30 µm

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

Dichroic.
O = darker blue with green tint
E = Pure blue

Chemistry of CumengeiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀ · 6H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	55.082 %
Cl	18.850 %
Cu	16.089 %
O	9.317 %
H	0.664 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cl, Cu, H, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of CumengeiteHide

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

I4/mmm

Cell Parameters:

a = 15.065(2) Å, c = 24.436(5) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.622

Unit Cell V:

5,545.85 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedral or cubo-octahedral crystals. Commonly on the faces of boleite or pseudoboleite.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014482	Cumengeite	Hawthorne F C, Groat L A (1986) The crystal structure and chemical composition of cumengeite Mineralogical Magazine 50 157-162		1986	Boleo, Baja California, Mexico	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Cumengeite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Hawthorne F C'
'Groat L A'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 50 
_journal_year 1986
_journal_page_first 157
_journal_page_last 162
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure and chemical composition of cumengeite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014482
_chemical_compound_source 'Boleo, Baja California, Mexico'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb21 Cu20 Cl42 (O40 H40)'
_cell_length_a 15.065
_cell_length_b 15.065
_cell_length_c 24.436
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 5545.854
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.666
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 4/m m m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  'y,-x,-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,1/2-z'
  '-y,x,z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  'x,-y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  'x,y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  'y,x,z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,1/2-z'
  '-y,x,-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  'y,-x,z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   1.00000   0.04000
Pb2   0.00000   0.00000   0.31990   1.00000   0.04600
Pb3   0.27634   0.00000   0.23459   1.00000   0.03900
Pb4   0.19780   0.19780   0.36453   1.00000   0.03800
Pb5   0.50000   0.00000   0.41040   0.50000   0.03900
Cu1   0.25990   0.09620   0.09100   1.00000   0.03400
Cu2   0.26100   0.26100   0.00000   1.00000   0.03700
Cl1   0.13180   0.13180   0.00000   1.00000   0.05100
Cl2   0.38150   0.12690   0.17860   1.00000   0.04500
Cl3   0.00000   0.00000   0.11870   1.00000   0.04700
Cl4   0.16960   0.00000   0.37650   1.00000   0.06100
Cl5   0.12740   0.12740   0.24610   1.00000   0.04900
Cl6   0.37010   0.00000   0.50000   1.00000   0.07200
O-H1   0.30070   0.17620   0.44120   1.00000   0.03200
O-H2   0.18500   0.18500   0.12750   1.00000   0.03800
O-H3   0.21200   0.00000   0.13570   1.00000   0.03900
O-H4   0.32720   0.00000   0.05710   1.00000   0.03700
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.03700 0.03700 0.04600 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Pb2 0.04400 0.04400 0.05100 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Pb3 0.03900 0.03700 0.03900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Pb4 0.03800 0.03800 0.03800 -0.00300 -0.00300 -0.00200
Pb5 0.03900 0.03600 0.04000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Cu1 0.03700 0.03100 0.03500 0.00200 0.00500 0.00000
Cu2 0.04000 0.04000 0.03000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00500
Cl1 0.05600 0.05600 0.04000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.02000
Cl2 0.04300 0.05100 0.04200 0.00600 -0.00500 -0.00500
Cl3 0.04100 0.04100 0.05800 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Cl4 0.06000 0.03600 0.08600 0.00000 -0.02000 0.00000
Cl5 0.05300 0.05300 0.04200 0.00700 0.00700 0.01400
Cl6 0.04200 0.03400 0.13900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
O-H1 0.03700 0.03700 0.02200 -0.00400 0.01100 0.00700
O-H2 0.04400 0.04400 0.02700 0.00300 0.00300 0.00400
O-H3 0.04800 0.02500 0.04300 0.00000 -0.01200 0.00000
O-H4 0.03700 0.03500 0.03800 0.00000 0.00300 0.00000

Epitaxial Relationships of CumengeiteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:

'Boleite'	KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄(OH)₄₈Cl₆₂
'Pseudoboleite'	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈

Epitaxy Comments:

Parallel overgrowths of cumengite on crystals of boleite and pseudoboleite.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
7.02 Å	(4)
4.86 Å	(9)
3.98 Å	(4)
3.73 Å	(6)
3.08 Å	(4)
2.66 Å	(4)
2.38 Å	(10)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals]
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Geological Setting:

Secondary zone of lead deposits. Smelter slag immersed in sea water.

Type Occurrence of CumengeiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Boleo District, Santa Rosalía, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, numbers 93.252, 95.98.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Boleite

Pseudoboleite

Synonyms of CumengeiteHide

Cumengite

Cumengite (of Groth)

Other Language Names for CumengeiteHide

Dutch:Cumengeiet

German:Cumengeit
Cumengit

Russian:Куменгит

Spanish:Cumengeita
Cumengita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

42 photos of Cumengeite associated with Boleite	KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄(OH)₄₈Cl₆₂
21 photos of Cumengeite associated with Phosgenite	Pb₂CO₃Cl₂
17 photos of Cumengeite associated with Pseudoboleite	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈
11 photos of Cumengeite associated with Cerussite	PbCO₃
10 photos of Cumengeite associated with Laurionite	PbCl(OH)
9 photos of Cumengeite associated with Paralaurionite	PbCl(OH)
8 photos of Cumengeite associated with Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
8 photos of Cumengeite associated with Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
6 photos of Cumengeite associated with Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
6 photos of Cumengeite associated with Anglesite	PbSO₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

3.DB.	Rickturnerite	Pb₇O₄[Mg(OH)₄](OH)Cl₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DB.05	Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄	Tet. 4mm : P4mm
3.DB.10	Pseudoboleite	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DB.15	Boleite	KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄(OH)₄₈Cl₆₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
3.DB.25	Bideauxite	Pb₂AgCl₃(F,OH)₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
3.DB.30	Chloroxiphite	Pb₃CuO₂Cl₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
3.DB.35	Hematophanite	Pb₄Fe₃O₈(OH,Cl)	Tet. 4mm : P4mm
3.DB.40	Parkinsonite	Pb₇MoO₉Cl₂	Tet.
3.DB.40	Janchevite	Pb₉V⁵⁺(O_10.25◻_0.75)Cl_2.5	Tric. 1 : P1
3.DB.40	Asisite	Pb₇SiO₉Cl₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DB.45	Eddavidite	Cu₁₂Pb₂O₁₅Br₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
3.DB.45	Murdochite	Cu₁₂Pb₂O₁₅Cl₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
3.DB.50	Yedlinite	Pb₆Cr³⁺Cl₆(O,OH,H₂O)₈	Trig. 3 : R3
3.DB.55	Siidraite	Pb₂Cu(OH)₂I₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Fddd

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Soluble in HNO3.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CumengeiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-6894.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Cumengeite on Webmineral

Look for Cumengeite on Wikipedia

Look for Cumengeite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for CumengeiteHide

Reference List:

Mallard, Ernest (1893) Sur la Boléite, la Cumengéite et la Percylite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 16 (7) 184-195 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1893.2323

Lacroix, Alfred (1895) Sur quelques minéraux des mines du Boléo (Basse-Californie) Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle , S. 1 Vol. 1. Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. 39-42

Friedel, Georges (1906) Contribution à l'étude de la boléite et de ses congénères. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 29 (2) 14-55 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1906.2769

Hadding, Assar (1919) Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Boleits und des Cumengits. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 41 (2) 175-192 doi:10.1080/11035891909444444

Goßner, B., Arm, M. (1930) VIII. Chemische und röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Stoffen und Kristallen von komplexer Bauart. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 72 (1) 202-236 doi:10.1524/zkri.1930.72.1.202pp.223-228

Hocart-Strasbourg, R. (1930) II. Sur la détermination des paramètres de la boléite, de la pseudoboléite et de la cumengéite, au moyen des rayons X. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 74 (1) 20-24 doi:10.1524/zkri.1930.74.1.20

Priedel, G. (1930) Sur la Boleite, la Pseudoboléite et la Cumengeite. Réponse à MM. Gossner et Arm. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, 73 (1-6). 147-158 doi:10.1524/zkri.1930.73.1.147

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.

Alun Humphreys, D., Thomas, John H., Williams, Peter A., Symes, Robert F. (1980) The chemical stability of mendipite, diaboleïte, chloroxiphite, and cumengéite, and their relationships to other secondary lead(II) minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (331) 901-904 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.331.13

Hawthorne, F. C., Groat, L. A. (1986) The crystal structure and chemical composition of cumengéite. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 157-162 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.21

Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Ed. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 3 - Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona. p.1-682.pp.150-150

Cruciani, G., Orlandi, P., Pasero, M., Russo, M. (2005) First Italian occurrence of cumengéite from Vesuvius: crystal-structure refinement and revision of the chemical formula. Mineralogical Magazine, 69 (6) 1037-1045 doi:10.1180/0026461056960306

Burke, Ernst A. J. (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record, 39 (2) 131-135

(2021) Cumengeite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Panczner, W. D., Hamburgo, G. V. (2022) The discovery of boleite, cumengeite and pseudoboleite, in Dzhezkazgan!. The Mineralogical Record, 53 (4). 517-543

Localities for CumengeiteHide

Showing 66 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Worner et al. (1982)
South Australia City of Onkaparinga Chandlers Hill ⓘ Mount Malvern Mine	Kolitsch et al. (1999)
Tasmania Central Coast municipality Penguin ⓘ Penguin Mine (Penguin silver mine)	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Western Australia Ashburton Shire ⓘ Ashburton Downs Station	Nickel et al. (1993)
ⓘ Mineral Claim 84 Cu deposit (Anticline prospect)	Grice et al. (1991)
Northampton Shire ⓘ Northampton	Downes et al. (2017)
ⓘ Wanerenooka Mine	Downes et al. (2017)

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Waitschach ⓘ Slag localities	Kolitsch et al. (2013)

Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Antofagasta ⓘ Capricornio vein system	Arfè et al. (2016)
Tocopilla Province Gatico District ⓘ Santo Domingo mine	Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
Atacama Chañaral Province Caballo Muerto mining district ⓘ Por si acaso mine	SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy by Joy ...

France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine	Cap Garonne museum specimen - EDS ... +2 other references
ⓘ North mine	Favreau et al. (2024)

Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Langelsheim Astfeld ⓘ Herzog Julius smelter slag locality	van den Berg et al. (1990)
Lautenthal ⓘ Lautenthal smelter slag locality	Karl Volkman collection
North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf Essen Dellwig ⓘ Christian Levin coal mine	Weiß (1990)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Charakas ⓘ Charakas Cove slag locality	Fritz Schreiber collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD-analysis)
ⓘ Legrena Cove slag locality (Legraina Cove) ?	Ko Jansen collection
Elaiochori Dipseliza mines ⓘ Dipseliza Mine No. 28	Rieck (n.d.)
Lavreotiki Municipal Unit ⓘ Oxygono Cove slag locality (Oxygono Bay slag locality)	The Minerals of Lavrion 2019
ⓘ Thorikos Bay beach ?	Ko Jansen collection
ⓘ Lavrion Slag Localities	Grolig et al. (1978) +1 other reference
Sounion Cato Sounio mines ⓘ Sounion Mine No. 19	Gröbner et al. (2002)
ⓘ Sounion Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
Velatouri ⓘ Agios Nikolaos Cove slag locality	Fritz Schreiber collection (U. Kolitsch SXRD analysis)
ⓘ Thorikos Bay slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
ⓘ Vrysaki Point slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)

Italy
Campania Metropolitan City of Naples ⓘ Mount Vesuvius	Russo et al. (2004)
Ottaviano ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles on eastern crater rim	Cruciani et al. (2005)
ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles	Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Anzio ⓘ Tor Caldara slag locality	Marco Bonifazi collection +1 other reference
Liguria Genoa Genoa Varenna Valley ⓘ Carpenara slag locality	Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (3)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Villaputzu ⓘ Baccu Locci Mine	Orlandi et al. (2005)
Tuscany Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima Madonna di Fucinaia (Madonna della Fucinaia) slag heaps ⓘ Capattoli Valley slag locality	www.comune.pisa.it (2000)
Castagneto Carducci ⓘ Podere del Cancellino (Podere dei Cancellini) slag locality	Jansen et al. (1998)
Piombino ⓘ Baratti slag locality	Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references
Suvereto ⓘ Suvereto slag locality	Luigi Chiappino data

Mexico (TL)
Baja California Sur Mulegé Municipality Santa Rosalía ⓘ Boleo District (TL)	Mallard (1893) +3 other references
Arroyo de la Soledad ⓘ Amelia Mine	Rocks & Min.:63:390. +1 other reference
Arroyo del Boleo ⓘ Curuglu Mine	Panczner (1987)

Norway
Nordland Narvik ⓘ Hundholmen	Husdal (2019)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Revúca District Nandraž ⓘ Elena Mine	Koděra et al. (1986)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora Sierra Almagrera ⓘ Golosina mine	Christian Rewitzer collection - SEM-EDS ...
Jaroso Ravine ⓘ La Estrella mine	Valladares et al. (2021)
Pechina Baños de Alhamilla ⓘ Mina Casualidad	Rewitzer et al. (2020)
Jaén Linares La Cruz ⓘ La Cruz lead smelter slag locality	Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
Asturias ⓘ Vegadeo	Calvo Rebollar et al. (2018)
Meredo Bedures hill (Vidures hill) ⓘ La Reixidora mine	Calvo Rebollar et al. (2018)
Catalonia Tarragona Baix Camp L'Argentera ⓘ Albertito Mine	Joan Abella i Creus specimens
ⓘ Tres Hermanos Mine	Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)

Turkmenistan
Balkan Region Cheleken Peninsula ⓘ Türkmenbaşy	Lebedev et al. (1983)

UK
England Cornwall Crantock ⓘ The Gannel Smelter slag locality	BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
Falmouth ⓘ Newporth Beach	Dean et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Feock Penpol ⓘ Penpol smelter slag locality	Sorrell (n.d.)
Newquay ⓘ Great Western Beach
ⓘ Tolcarne Beach
Trevelgue ⓘ Flory Island
Padstow Gunver Head ⓘ Cuddrabridge Mine (Guddrabridge Mine; Padstow Consols; Trevone Consols; Wheal Galway)	Golley et al. (1995)
ⓘ Southern Merop Island	Schlomann et al. (1998)
Perranzabuloe Perranporth Perran St George and Droskyn Mines ⓘ Wheal Droskyn ?	George Eric Stanley Curtis specimen
St Just Botallack ⓘ Loe Warren Zawn	Elton et al. (1995)
St Minver Trebetherick ⓘ Daymer Bay
Tywardreath and Par ⓘ Par Smelter (Slag Locality)	P
Wales Gwynedd Llanengan Abersoch ⓘ Abersoch beach	Dossett et al. (1998)

USA
Arizona Maricopa County Osborn Mining District Tonopah Belmont Mountain ⓘ Tonopah-Belmont Mine	Collected by and in the collection of ...
Painted Rock Mountains Painted Rock Mining District Theba ⓘ Rowley Mine	Raman ID on 2007 material +2 other references

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Cumengeite

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