Belyankinite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionable
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About Belyankinite
Dmitry S. Belyankin
Formula:
Ca1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O (?)
Colour:
White, light yellow to brownish-yellow; black when manganese-rich
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.32 - 2.4
Crystal System:
Amorphous
Name:
Named in honor of Dmitry Stepanovich Belyankin (11 (23) August 1876, Lamanich, Vologda Province, Russian empire - 20 June 1953, Moscow, Russia), prominent Russian mineralogist and petrographer. He headed, at different times, the Petrographic Institute, the Institute of Geological Sciences, and the Mineralogical Museum at the USSR Academy of Sciences. Also the Kola branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Kirovsk). He is considered a founder of technical petrography.
A mineral of questionable status. Some authors suggest that belyankinite is just a mixture of minerals (mostly anatase) which forms as a common alteration product of murmanite or lomonosovite (Yakovenchuk et. al. Khibiny. Laplandia Minerals, Apatity, 2005, 466 p.)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
619
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:619:8
IMA Classification of Belyankinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959), Questionable
IMA Formula:
Ca1-2(Ti4+,Zr4+,Nb5+)5O12·9H2O
Classification of Belyankinite
4.FM.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
M : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); unclassified
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
M : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); unclassified
8.7.8.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
7 : Miscellaneous
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
7 : Miscellaneous
18.1.12
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Byn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Belyankinite
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
White, light yellow to brownish-yellow; black when manganese-rich
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
in one direction, parallel to the plates
in one direction, parallel to the plates
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.32 - 2.4 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Belyankinite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.74 nβ = 1.772 - 1.778 nγ = 1.775 - 1.78
2V:
Measured: 21° to 25°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.035 - 0.040
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v, moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = brown to dark brown, Y = light brown to yellow-brown, Z = light brown; Orientation: X = a, Y = b, Z = c
Chemistry of Belyankinite
Mindat Formula:
Ca1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O (?)
Crystallography of Belyankinite
Crystal System:
Amorphous
Morphology:
In platy aggregates or massive, to 20 cm
Comment:
Crystal Data: Orthorhombic or monoclinic. Point Group: n.d. Space Group: n.d. Z = n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 1.690 Å | (10) |
| 3.21 Å | (8) |
| 2.48 Å | (6) |
| 1.361 Å | (5) |
| 2.90 Å | (3) |
| 2.18 Å | (3) |
| 1.633 Å | (2) |
Comments:
Recorded on type material, after heating to 900 °C
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Belyankinite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In nepheline syenite in an alkalic massif, included in aegirine and microcline
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Belyankinite
Relationship of Belyankinite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FM. | Charleshatchettite | CaNb4O10(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 4.FM.15 | Franconite | Na(Nb2O5)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 4.FM.15 | Hochelagaite | (Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)4O11 · 8H2O |
| 4.FM.15 | Ternovite | (Mg,Ca)Nb4O11 · nH2O |
| 4.FM.25 | Gerasimovskite | Mn2+(Nb,Ti)5O12 · 9H2O (?) |
| 4.FM.25 | Manganbelyankinite | Mn2+(Ti,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O |
| 4.FM.30 | Silhydrite | Si3O6 · H2O |
| 4.FM.35 | Cuzticite | Fe3+2(TeO6) · 3H2O |
| 4.FM.50 | Qatranaite | CaZn2(OH)6(H2O)2 |
| 4.FM.55 | 'Hydroplumbite' | 3PbO · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Belyankinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-619.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
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References for Belyankinite
Reference List:
Localities for Belyankinite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Egypt | |
| Saleh (2007) |
Russia | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Pavel Kartashov (2016) |
| Pekov (2000) | |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6 | |
| American Mineralogist 37:802 +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout BelyankiniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Kedykverpakhk Mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia