Beusite-(Ca)
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
CaMn2+2(PO4)2
Colour:
Pale-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.610 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
A member of the graftonite group with Ca completely ordered at the [8]-coordinated M(1) site.
The Ca analogue of beusite.
Occurs in granite pegmatites. May be formed by exsolution from a high-temperature (Li,Ca)-rich graftonite-like parent phase.
The Ca analogue of beusite.
Occurs in granite pegmatites. May be formed by exsolution from a high-temperature (Li,Ca)-rich graftonite-like parent phase.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
52167
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:52167:9
Similar Names
| Basite | A rock subtype | |
| Bassoite | A valid IMA mineral species | SrV3O7 · 4H2O |
| Bazzite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Beusite | A valid IMA mineral species | Mn2+Mn22+ (PO4)2 |
| Bohseite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca4Be3+xAl1-xSi9O25-x(OH)3+x |
| Bosiite | A valid IMA mineral species | NaFe33+(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| Bosoite | A valid IMA mineral species | SiO2 · nCxH2x+2 |
IMA Classification of Beusite-(Ca)
Approved
Approval year:
2017
First published:
2018
Type description reference:
Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Pieczka, Adam, Włodek, Adam (2018) Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1323-1332 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.120
Classification of Beusite-(Ca)
8.AB.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Beu-Ca | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Beusite-(Ca)
Vitreous
Colour:
Pale-brown
Streak:
Very pale-brown
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
3.610 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Beusite-(Ca)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.685(2) nβ = 1.688(2) nγ = 1.700(5)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (53°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (53°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Colour in reflected light:
Colourless in plane-polarized light
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
X || b; Y ˄ a = 40.3° in β obtuse; Z ˄ a = 49.7° in β acute.
Comments:
The optic axial angle is 46.0(5)°.
Chemistry of Beusite-(Ca)
Mindat Formula:
CaMn2+2(PO4)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Beusite-(Ca)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.799(2) Å, b = 11.724(2) Å, c = 6.170(1) Å
β = 99.23(3)°
β = 99.23(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.751 : 1 : 0.526
Unit Cell V:
628.3 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
As lamellae 0.1–1.5 mm wide in tripylite
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.564 Å | (97) |
| 3.030 Å | (58) |
| 2.991 Å | (76) |
| 2.932 Å | (87) |
| 2.904 Å | (100) |
| 2.873 Å | (86) |
| 2.718 Å | (86) |
| 1.937 Å | (47) |
Reference:
Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Pieczka, Adam, Włodek, Adam (2018) Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1323-1332 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.120
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Beusite-(Ca)
General Appearance of Type Material:
As pale-brown lamellae 0.1–1.5 mm wide in triphylite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Collections of the Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA, catalogue number 177054
Empirical Formula of Type Material:
(Ca0.94Fe0.92Mn1.13)Σ2.99(PO4)2.00
Chemical Analysis of Type Material:
| P2O5 | 41.63 % |
|---|---|
| FeO | 19.43 % |
| MnO | 23.63 % |
| CaO | 15.45 % |
| Total: | 100.14 % |
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A beryl–columbite–phosphate rare-element pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Pieczka, Adam, Włodek, Adam (2018) Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1323-1332 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.120
Synonyms of Beusite-(Ca)
Other Language Names for Beusite-(Ca)
Dutch:Beusiet-(Ca)
German:Beusit-(Ca)
Relationship of Beusite-(Ca) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Graftonite Group:
| Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AB. | Kryzaite | Na4(MgCr)(PO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Niasite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Johanngeorgenstadtite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Rodolicoite | Fe3+PO4 |
| 8.AB. | Karwowskiite | Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.5◻0.5)(PO4)7 |
| 8.AB. | Olsenite | KFe4(PO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Borisenkoite | Cu3[(V,As)O4]2 |
| 8.AB.05 | Farringtonite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.10 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | 'Sicklerite' | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Simferite | LiMg(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Heterosite | Fe3+(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Karenwebberite | NaFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | 'Ferrisicklerite' | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| 8.AB.15 | Zavalíaite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Chopinite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Sarcopside | Fe2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.25 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.30 | Lammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.30 | Paralammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Mcbirneyite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Pseudolyonsite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Stranskiite | Zn2Cu(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.40 | Michalskiite | Fe3+1.33Cu2+2(MgFe3+)2(VO4)6 |
| 8.AB.40 | Lyonsite | Cu3Fe4(VO4)6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Beusite-(Ca)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-52167.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Beusite-(Ca)
Reference List:
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2017) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2017, CNMNC Newsletter No 39. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (5) 1279-1286 doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.072
Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Pieczka, Adam, Włodek, Adam (2018) Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1323-1332 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.120
Localities for Beusite-(Ca)
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada (TL) | |
| Hawthorne et al. (2018) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
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