Epidote Group
A group of related mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Epidote Group
Formula:
(A12+A22+)(M13+M23+M33+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
A1=Ca, Mn2+A2=Ca, Pb, Sr
M1=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V?, Cr?
M2=Al, Cr?
M3=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V, Cr?
M1=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V?, Cr?
M2=Al, Cr?
M3=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V, Cr?
Member of:
A group in the Epidote Supergroup.
The name for this group was originally named clinozoisite group by Armbuster et al. 2006), but renamed as epidote group by IMA (proposal 09-A, cf. Mills et al., 2009) probably because the name "epidote group" was very firmly established in the literature.
This group of the Epidote Supergroup are, following Armbuster et al. (2006), derived from the mineral clinozoisite, Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH), solely by homovalent substitutions. The key cation and anion sites are A1 = M2+, A2 = M2+, M1 = M3+, M2 = M3+, M3 = M3+,O4 = O2-, O10 = (OH)-.
If the "O10" OH is replaced by O (i.e. all Fe is oxidized) the mineral is in the Åskagenite group.
If the "O4" O is replaced by F the mineral is in the Dollaseite group.
If A2 is dominantly REE (including Y), the mineral is in the Allanite group.
The name for this group was originally named clinozoisite group by Armbuster et al. 2006), but renamed as epidote group by IMA (proposal 09-A, cf. Mills et al., 2009) probably because the name "epidote group" was very firmly established in the literature.
This group of the Epidote Supergroup are, following Armbuster et al. (2006), derived from the mineral clinozoisite, Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH), solely by homovalent substitutions. The key cation and anion sites are A1 = M2+, A2 = M2+, M1 = M3+, M2 = M3+, M3 = M3+,O4 = O2-, O10 = (OH)-.
If the "O10" OH is replaced by O (i.e. all Fe is oxidized) the mineral is in the Åskagenite group.
If the "O4" O is replaced by F the mineral is in the Dollaseite group.
If A2 is dominantly REE (including Y), the mineral is in the Allanite group.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46234
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46234:9
IMA Classification of Epidote Group
IMA status notes:
IMA Approved Group Name
Approval history:
IMA Proposal 09A (Armbruster et al., 2006; Mills et al., 2009).
Chemistry of Epidote Group
Mindat Formula:
(A12+A22+)(M13+M23+M33+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
A1=Ca, Mn2+A2=Ca, Pb, Sr
M1=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V?, Cr?
M2=Al, Cr?
M3=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V, Cr?
A1=Ca, Mn2+A2=Ca, Pb, Sr
M1=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V?, Cr?
M2=Al, Cr?
M3=Al, Fe3+, Mn3+, V, Cr?
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
Showing 12 of 14 analyses on this page.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 37.71 % | 38.13 % | 39.04 % | 37.77 % | 37.43 % | 38.2 % | 28.81 % | 27.15 % | 32.6 % | 32.4 % | 35.69 % | 34.92 % |
| TiO2 | 0.19 % | 0.14 % | 0.17 % | 0.21 % | 0.08 % | 0.03 % | 0.12 % | 0.22 % | 0.44 % | |||
| Al2O3 | 26.14 % | 28.58 % | 28.92 % | 30.2 % | 23.37 % | 24.9 % | 14.39 % | 16.27 % | 12.9 % | 19.0 % | 19.13 % | |
| Cr2O3 | 0.01 % | 0.10 % | 0.09 % | 0.06 % | 0.1 % | |||||||
| FeO | 9.55 % | 5.31 % | 6.27 % | 5.51 % | 1.5 % | 3.56 % | 5.97 % | |||||
| MnO | 0.19 % | 0.02 % | 0.03 % | 0.19 % | 0.1 % | 1.4 % | 1.3 % | 0.14 % | 0.13 % | |||
| MgO | 0.05 % | 0.32 % | 0.17 % | 0.21 % | 0.05 % | 0.3 % | 0.05 % | 0.05 % | 2.2 % | 0.16 % | ||
| CaO | 24.49 % | 24.52 % | 24.29 % | 23.07 % | 22.43 % | 23.2 % | 8.78 % | 8.93 % | 10.6 % | 12.4 % | 19.16 % | 17.66 % |
| Na2O | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | 0.5 % | |||||||
| K2O | 0.02 % | 0.02 % | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | ||||||||
| Fe2O3 | 12.71 % | 10.1 % | 1.5 % | 13.4 % | 1.10 % | 1.96 % | ||||||
| SnO2 | 0.8 % | 0.82 % | ||||||||||
| H2O | 1.9 % | 1.6 % | 1.6 % | |||||||||
| Fe2O3* | 14.09 % | 11.42 % | ||||||||||
| Mn2O3* | 1.78 % | 0.19 % | ||||||||||
| MnO* | 0.46 % | |||||||||||
| ZnO | 0.08 % | |||||||||||
| SrO | 4.53 % | 0.14 % | 7.2 % | 7.2 % | ||||||||
| BaO | 0.37 % | 0.22 % | ||||||||||
| PbO | 24.13 % | 32.98 % | 10.9 % | |||||||||
| H2O (by stoichiometry) | 1.44 % | 1.38 % | ||||||||||
| P2O5 | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | ||||||||||
| Ga2O3 | 0.01 % | 0.1 % | ||||||||||
| NiO | 0.01 % | |||||||||||
| ThO2 | 0.2 % | |||||||||||
| La2O3 | 9.2 % | 1.55 % | 2.55 % | |||||||||
| Ce2O3 | 0.2 % | 4.05 % | 7.39 % | |||||||||
| Pr2O3 | 1.5 % | 0.31 % | 0.48 % | |||||||||
| Nd2O3 | 2.6 % | 1.53 % | 0.67 % | |||||||||
| Sm2O3 | 0.1 % | 0.40 % | ||||||||||
| Mn2O3 | 15.0 % | 0.7 % | ||||||||||
| Al2O | 21.98 % | |||||||||||
| Sc2O3 | 6.12 % | 4.79 % | ||||||||||
| V2O3 | 0.07 % | |||||||||||
| Y2O3 | 0.11 % | |||||||||||
| EuO | 0.11 % | |||||||||||
| Gd2O3 | 0.56 % | 0.61 % | ||||||||||
| Eu2O3 | 0.12 % | |||||||||||
| H2O(+) | 1.73 % | |||||||||||
| Total: | 98.36 % | 97.15 % | 98.89 % | 97.06 % | 96.33 % | 101 % | 98.97 % | 98.89 % | 99.5 % | 98.9 % | 96.82 % | 99.37 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | Ca2.09(Al2.40Mn0.01Fe3+0.07Ti0.01 Cr0.01)Σ3.03Si2.94O12(OH) |
| 2 | Ca2.05 (Al2.62Mg0.04Fe0.35Cr0.01Ti0.01)Σ3.03Si2.97) O22OH |
| 3 | Ca2.00 (Al2.62Mg0.02Fe3+0.36Ti0.01)Σ3.01Si3.00 O22OH |
| 13 | Ca2.03 (Al2.82Fe3+0.16)Σ2.98Si3.00O22OH |
| 6 | Ca2(Al2.30Fe3+0.60Fe2+0.05Sn0.05)O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH) |
| 7 | (Ca0.96Mn2+0.04)(Pb0.68Sr0.27Ca0.02Ba0.01)[(Al0.76Fe3+0.26)Al1.00(Fe3+0.85Mn3+0.14Mg0.01Zn0.01)]O[Si2.00O7][Si0.99O4](OH) |
| 8 | Ca1.00(Pb0.96Ca0.02Sr0.01Ba0.01)[Al0.98Al1.00(Fe3+0.93Al0.04Mn3+0.02Mg0.01Ti0.01)]O[Si1.94Al0.06O7][Si1.00O4](OH) |
| 11 | (Ca1.73Ce0.13La0.05Nd0.05Gd0.02Sm0.01Pr0.01Y0.01Eu2+0.003)Σ1.99[(Al2.18Sc0.45Fe3+0.07V3+0.01)Σ2.71(Fe2+0.25Mg0.02Mn0.01)Σ0.28Ti0.01]Σ3.00(Si3.006O11)O(OH)11)O(OH) |
| 12 | (Ca1.64Ce0.24La0.08Nd0.02Gd0.02Pr0.02Eu2+0.004)Σ1.02[(Al1.96Sc0.36Fe3+0.13)E2.45(Fe2+0.43Mn0.01)Σ0.44(Ti0.03Sn4+0.03)Σ0.06]Σ2.95(Si3.03O11)O(OH) |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eissee eclogite, Timmelbach valley, Prägraten am Großvenediger, Lienz District, Tyrol, Austria | EMPA analysis of clinozoisite rim on a zoisite inclusion in garnet from a kyanite-eclogite | |
| 2 | Steinsteg eclogite, Frosnitz valley, Matrei in Osttirol, Lienz District, Tyrol, Austria | EMPA analysisi of clinozoisite inclusion in garnet from a kyanite-eclogite | |
| 3 | Hohl-Felsen eclogite, Wernersdorf, Wies, Deutschlandsberg District, Styria, Austria | EMPA analysis (University of Vienna) of clinozoisite from eclogite matrix | |
| 4 | Eclogite outcrops, Shang Sumdo région, Leh District, Ladakh, India | EMPA analysis of clinozoisite from an eclogite matrix. | |
| 5 | Weiß‑Spitze eclogites, Virgen valley, Lienz District, Tyrol, Austria | Sample ES‑11 represents a fine‑grained, strongly banded eclogite forming the host rock at the locality. EMPA analysis. | |
| 6 | Tin bearing skarns, Cassiar, Liard Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada | Wet chemical and Optical emission spectrography analysis of a Sn-rich epidote from hand-picked crystal fragments from pyroxene-skarn | |
| 7 | Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA | occurs as high-z rims in complexly zoned crystals of (Sr+Pb)-bearing epidote (cores) to Pb-bearing epidote-(Sr) and Sr-bearing hancockite (near rims and rims), intergrown with barite, within massive epidote/hancockite, andradite, and franklinite rock. Hendricksite is also present. Measured by EPMA. *All Fe assumed to be Fe3+; Mn3+ and Mn2+ calculated from charge balance. H2O calculated by stoichiometry. | |
| 8 | Jakobsberg Mine, Jakobsberg ore field, Nordmark mining district, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden | found in a sample labeled "margarosanite", however no margarosanite was found. Scattered rounded to blocky greenish-yellow (in thin section) crystals associated with abundant aegirine-augite and hyalophane/celsian feldspar; the thin section was not fully characterized due to time limitations, and additional minor minerals are present. Analysis by EPMA; *Fe is assumed to be Fe3+ before Mn is charge balanced between Mn3+ and Mn2+. H2O calculated by stoichiometry. | |
| 9 | Praborna Mine, Servette-Chuc mining complex, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy | EPMA data for zoned composite tweddellite-piemontite grains in Mn-rich schist. analysis spot #23 | |
| 10 | Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA | occurs as high-z near-rim bands in complexly zoned crystals of (Sr+Pb)-bearing epidote (cores) to Sr-bearing hancockite (rims), intergrown with barite, within massive epidote/hancockite, andradite, and franklinite rock. Hendricksite and cpx(?; not analyzed) are also present. | |
| 11 | Pieczka, Adam, Kristiansen, Roy, Stachowicz, Marcin, Dumańska-Słowik, Magdalena, Gołębiowska, Bożena, Sęk, Mateusz P., Nejbert, Krzysztof, Kotowski, Jakub, Marciniak-Maliszewska, Beata, Szuszkiewicz, Adam, et al. (2024) Heflikite, ideally Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the first scandium epidote-supergroup mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland and from Heftetjern, Tørdal, Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 88 (3). 228-243 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.98 | holotype; water content is calculated | |
| 12 | Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway | Pieczka, Adam, Kristiansen, Roy, Stachowicz, Marcin, Dumańska-Słowik, Magdalena, Gołębiowska, Bożena, Sęk, Mateusz P., Nejbert, Krzysztof, Kotowski, Jakub, Marciniak-Maliszewska, Beata, Szuszkiewicz, Adam, et al. (2024) Heflikite, ideally Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the first scandium epidote-supergroup mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland and from Heftetjern, Tørdal, Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 88 (3). 228-243 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.98 | cotype; water content is calculated |
| 13 | Hohl-Felsen eclogite, Wernersdorf, Wies, Deutschlandsberg District, Styria, Austria | EMPA analysis (University of Vienna) of clinozoisite from an eclogitc vein. |
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018299 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Armbruster T, Akasaka M, Minakawa T (2010) Crystal chemistry of Mn2+-, Sr-rich and REE-bearing piemontite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105 142-150 | 2010 | Kamisugai mine, Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016954 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016953 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016952 | Epidote | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016951 | Epidote | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016950 | Epidote | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016949 | Epidote | Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0013136 | Epidote-(Sr) | Minakawa T, Fukushima H, Nishio-Hamane D, Miura H (2008) Epidote-(Sr), CaSrAl2Fe(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH), a new mineral from the Ananai mine, Kochi Prefecture, Japan Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103 400-406 | 2008 | Ananai mine, Kochi Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0004406 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 |  | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004405 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004404 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004403 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004402 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004401 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004400 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004399 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004398 | Clinozoisite | Dorsam G, Liebscher A, Franz G, Gottschalk M (2007) Crystal chemistry of synthetic Ca2Al3Si3O12OH - Sr2Al3Si3O12OH solid solution series of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 92 1133-1147 | | 2007 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0014561 | Tweddillite | Armbruster T, Gnos E, Dixon R, Gutzmer J, Hejny C, Dobelin N, Medenbach O (2002) Manganvesuvianite and tweddillite, two new Mn3+-silicate minerals from the Kalahari manganese fields, South Africa Mineralogical Magazine 66 137-150 | | 2002 | Kalahari manganese fields, South Africa | 0 | 293 |
| 0006437 | Piemontite | Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33 | 1992 | Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006436 | Piemontite | Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33 | 1992 | Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006435 | Piemontite | Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33 | 1992 | Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006434 | Piemontite | Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33 | 1992 | Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0004981 | Clinozoisite | Nagashima M, Geiger C A, Akasaka M (2009) A crystal-chemical investigation of clinozoisite synthesized along the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2CrSi3O12(OH) American Mineralogist 94 1351-1360 | | 2009 | synthetic | 1.2 | 873 |
| 0004982 | Clinozoisite | Nagashima M, Geiger C A, Akasaka M (2009) A crystal-chemical investigation of clinozoisite synthesized along the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2CrSi3O12(OH) American Mineralogist 94 1351-1360 | | 2009 | synthetic | 1.2 | 973 |
| 0004980 | Clinozoisite | Nagashima M, Geiger C A, Akasaka M (2009) A crystal-chemical investigation of clinozoisite synthesized along the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2CrSi3O12(OH) American Mineralogist 94 1351-1360 | | 2009 | synthetic | 1.2 | 973 |
| 0004979 | Clinozoisite | Nagashima M, Geiger C A, Akasaka M (2009) A crystal-chemical investigation of clinozoisite synthesized along the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al2CrSi3O12(OH) American Mineralogist 94 1351-1360 | | 2009 | synthetic | 1.2 | 973 |
| 0003596 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003595 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003594 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003593 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003592 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003591 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003590 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003589 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003588 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003587 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003586 | Piemontite | Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002248 | Epidote | Giuli G, Bonazzi P, Menchetti S (1999) Al-Fe disorder in synthetic epidotes: A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 84 933-936 | | 1999 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001855 | Clinozoisite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) The pressure behavior of clinozoisite and zoisite: An X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 82 61-68 | | 1997 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001798 | Piemontite | Bonazzi P, Menchetti S, Reinecke T (1996) Solid solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece American Mineralogist 81 735-742 | | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001203 | Piemontite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1988) Thermal behavior of the crystal structure of strontian piemontite American Mineralogist 73 1370-1376 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001202 | Piemontite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1988) Thermal behavior of the crystal structure of strontian piemontite American Mineralogist 73 1370-1376 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000309 | Epidote | Gabe E J, Portheine J C, Whitlow S H (1973) A reinvestigation of the epidote structure: Confirmation of the iron location sample LEP American Mineralogist 58 218-223 | | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000308 | Epidote | Gabe E J, Portheine J C, Whitlow S H (1973) A reinvestigation of the epidote structure: Confirmation of the iron location sample HEP American Mineralogist 58 218-223 | | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000228 | Hancockite | Dollase W A (1971) Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite American Mineralogist 56 447-464 | | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000229 | Epidote | Dollase W A (1971) Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite American Mineralogist 56 447-464 | | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000226 | Epidote | Dollase W A (1971) Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite American Mineralogist 56 447-464 | | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000191 | Piemontite | Dollase W A (1969) Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite American Mineralogist 54 710-717 | | 1969 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000185 | Clinozoisite | Dollase W A (1968) Refinement and comparison of the structures of zoisite and clinozoisite American Mineralogist 53 1882-1898 | | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000041 | Epidote | Ito T (1947) The structure of epidote (HCa2(Al,Fe)Al2Si3O13) American Mineralogist 32 309-321 | | 1947 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001856 | Clinozoisite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) The pressure behavior of clinozoisite and zoisite: An X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 82 61-68 | | 1997 | 0.05 | 293 | |
| 0001857 | Clinozoisite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) The pressure behavior of clinozoisite and zoisite: An X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 82 61-68 | | 1997 | 1.94 | 293 | |
| 0001858 | Clinozoisite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) The pressure behavior of clinozoisite and zoisite: An X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 82 61-68 | | 1997 | 4.2 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Synonyms of Epidote Group
Relationship of Epidote Group to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Epidote Supergroup:
| Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| Åskagenite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M33+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| Dollaseite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M12+M23+M32+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| 'Unnamed ([Ca-Ce]+[Al-Al-Mn] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) or (CaCe)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| 'Unnamed ([Ca-Ce]+[Fe3-Cr-Fe] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (CaCe)(Fe3+Cr3+Fe2+)[SiO4][Si2O7]O(OH) or (CaCe)(Fe3+Cr3+Fe3+)[SiO4][Si2O7]OO | |
| 'Unnamed ([Ca-La]+[Al-Al-Mn] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (CaLa)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) or (CaLa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| 'Unnamed ([Ca-La]+[Fe3-Al-Mn] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) or (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| 'Unnamed ([Mn2-Ce]+[Al-Al-Mn] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) or (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| 'Unnamed ([Mn2-Nd]+[Al-Al-Mn] member of the Epidote Supergroup)' | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) or (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O | |
| Vanadoandrosite-(La) | Mn2+La(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Epidote Group Members:
| Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. |
| Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 'Unnamed (Fe3+ analogue of Piemontite-(Pb))' | (CaPb)(Fe3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| 'Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Piemontite)' | (CaCa)(Fe3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| 'Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Piemontite-(Sr))' | (CaSr)(Fe3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| 'Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)' | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Click on any node to view relationships. Formula-derived relationship network for the group members above. Use Find related species to add formula-neighbour species outside the current group view. Solid links show inferred chemical differences; dashed violet links show same-formula crystallographic differences. Hydration states are not treated as relationship changes. These relationships do not imply any real-world substitution reactions between these species.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Epidote Group in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Epidote Group
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46234.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Epidote Group
Reference List:
Strens, R. G. J. (1966) The axial-ratio-inversion effect in Jahn-Teller distorted ML6 octahedra in the epidote and perovskite structures. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (273) 777-781 doi:10.1180/minmag.1966.035.273.15
Armbruster, Thomas, Bonazzi, Paola, Akasaka, Masahide, Bermanec, Vladimir, Chopin, Christian, Gieré, Reto, Heuss-Assbichler, Soraya, Liebscher, Axel, Menchetti, Silvio, Pan, Yuanming, Pasero, Marco (2006) Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (5) 551-567 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0551
Significant localities for Epidote Group
Showing 43 significant localities out of 13,172 recorded on mindat.org.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| [Epidote] Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| [Epidote] Treimer (2001) +7 other references |
| [Clinozoisite] Weinschenk (1896) +1 other reference |
Belgium | |
| [Epidote] Stöber (1895) +2 other references |
Ecuador | |
| [Epidote] Alejandro Felix Gutierrez |
France | |
| [Epidote] Haüy (1801a) +1 other reference |
| [Epidote] Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference |
| [Epidote] Serge Lavarde Collection |
| [Epidote] Serge Lavarde Collection | |
Guatemala | |
| [Epidote] USGS Bulletin 1034 |
Italy | |
| [Piemontite] Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem +1 other reference |
| [Piemontite-(Sr)] Bonazzi et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| [Piemontite-(Sr)] Bonazzi et al. (1990) | |
| [Epidote] Borson (1811) +15 other references |
| [Epidote] Alpinisti M. (1981) +1 other reference |
| [Piemontite] Battaglia S. et al. (1977) |
| [Piemontite] Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca) | |
| [Piemontite] Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca) | |
Japan | |
| [Epidote-(Sr)] Minakawa et al. (2008) |
| [Niigataite] Miyajima et al. (2003) |
Mexico | |
| [Epidote] Peninsular Range Collection - Curtis ... |
| [Clinozoisite] Panczner (1987) |
North Macedonia | |
| [Piemontite-(Pb)] Bermanec et al. (1994) +3 other references |
| [Epidote] Bermanec et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| [Heflikite] Pieczka et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
Pakistan | |
| [Epidote] Weerth (1991) |
Poland | |
| [Heflikite] Bosi et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| [Epidote] |
Russia | |
| [Mukhinite] Pekov (1998) |
South Africa | |
| [Epidote] PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ... |
| [Tweddillite] Weiß (2002) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| [Piemontite] Holtstam et al. (1993) |
UK | |
| [Epidote var: Withamite] C. Hintze: "Handbuch der Mineralogie" (1897) +2 other references |
USA | |
| [Epidote] Mason (1976) +1 other reference |
| [Epidote] Jake Harper: Field work |
| [Epidote] Betts (1999) |
| [Epidote] Davis (1901) +2 other references |
| [Epidote] Harvard Mineralogical Museum No. 119199 +1 other reference |
| [Epidote] Benham et al. (1985) |
| [Hancockite] Palache (1935) +2 other references |
| [Hancockite] Penfield et al. (1899) +1 other reference | |
| [Clinozoisite] Lapham et al. (1965) |
| [Clinozoisite] Chidester et al. (1978) |
Green Monster Mountain, Prince of Wales Island, Ketchikan Mining District, Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, USA