Warkite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Warkite
David Wark
Formula:
Ca2Sc6Al6O20
Ca2(Sc,Ti3+,Al,Mg,Zr)6Al6O20
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 2013 by C. Ma, A.N. Krot, K. Nagashima and O. Tschauner in honor of David Wark (27 June 1939, Melbourne, Australia - 8 June 2005, Australia) for his many contributions to research on Ca-Al-rich inclusions in meteorites, including the discovery of the Wark-Lovering rims that surround inclusion bodies in meteorites.
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Murchison meteorite, Murchison, City of Greater Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
ⓘ Vigarano meteorite (Cariani; Ferrara; Mainardi; Morandi; Parish; Pieve; Vigarano Mainarda; Vigarano Pieve; Vigarno; Vigarvano; Vigavano [NHM cat.]), Vigarano Pieve, Vigarano Mainarda, Ferrara Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
ⓘ Vigarano meteorite (Cariani; Ferrara; Mainardi; Morandi; Parish; Pieve; Vigarano Mainarda; Vigarano Pieve; Vigarno; Vigarvano; Vigavano [NHM cat.]), Vigarano Pieve, Vigarano Mainarda, Ferrara Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
The Sc analogue of addibischoffite and beckettite. Second Ca-Al-Sc mineral after davisite. Rhönite group of the sapphirine supergroup.
An ultra-refractory, early Sc phase, formed in reducing conditions. Found in Murchison and Vigarano meteorites. One of a few recently described Sc-rich meteoritic minerals, among allendeite, davisite, kangite, and panguite.
An ultra-refractory, early Sc phase, formed in reducing conditions. Found in Murchison and Vigarano meteorites. One of a few recently described Sc-rich meteoritic minerals, among allendeite, davisite, kangite, and panguite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46079
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46079:4
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Warkite
Approved
Approval year:
2013
Type description reference:
Ma, Chi, Krot, Alexander N., Beckett, John R., Nagashima, Kazuhide, Tschauner, Oliver, Rossman, George R., Simon, Steven B., Bischoff, Addi (2020) Warkite, Ca2Sc6Al6O20, a new mineral in carbonaceous chondrites and a key-stone phase in ultrarefractory inclusions from the solar nebula. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 277. 52-86 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.002
Classification of Warkite
4.BC.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
C : With medium-sized and large cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wki | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Chemistry of Warkite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Sc6Al6O20
Ca2(Sc,Ti3+,Al,Mg,Zr)6Al6O20
Ca2(Sc,Ti3+,Al,Mg,Zr)6Al6O20
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti(III)
Crystallography of Warkite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.367 Å, b = 10.756 Å, c = 8.895 Å
α = 105.98°, β = 96.04°, γ = 124.72°
α = 105.98°, β = 96.04°, γ = 124.72°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.964 : 1 : 0.827
Unit Cell V:
739.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.067 Å | (53) |
| 8.063 Å | (51) |
| 4.802 Å | (55) |
| 2.684 Å | (74) |
| 2.684 Å | (72) |
| 2.544 Å | (100) |
| 2.541 Å | (78) |
| 2.540 Å | (77) |
Reference:
Ma, Chi, Krot, Alexander N., Beckett, John R., Nagashima, Kazuhide, Tschauner, Oliver, Rossman, George R., Simon, Steven B., Bischoff, Addi (2020) Warkite, Ca2Sc6Al6O20, a new mineral in carbonaceous chondrites and a key-stone phase in ultrarefractory inclusions from the solar nebula. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 277. 52-86 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.002
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
| 3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs) | >4.565 |
Type Occurrence of Warkite
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Murchison meteorite, Murchison, City of Greater Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
ⓘ Vigarano meteorite (Cariani; Ferrara; Mainardi; Morandi; Parish; Pieve; Vigarano Mainarda; Vigarano Pieve; Vigarno; Vigarvano; Vigavano [NHM cat.]), Vigarano Pieve, Vigarano Mainarda, Ferrara Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
ⓘ Vigarano meteorite (Cariani; Ferrara; Mainardi; Morandi; Parish; Pieve; Vigarano Mainarda; Vigarano Pieve; Vigarno; Vigarvano; Vigavano [NHM cat.]), Vigarano Pieve, Vigarano Mainarda, Ferrara Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
General Appearance of Type Material:
4-12 μm aggregates of 1-4 μm crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Murchison) and the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA, registration number USNM 7618 (Vigarano)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Chondrite meteorites
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Ma, Chi, Krot, Alexander N., Beckett, John R., Nagashima, Kazuhide, Tschauner, Oliver, Rossman, George R., Simon, Steven B., Bischoff, Addi (2020) Warkite, Ca2Sc6Al6O20, a new mineral in carbonaceous chondrites and a key-stone phase in ultrarefractory inclusions from the solar nebula. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 277. 52-86 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.002
Synonyms of Warkite
Other Language Names for Warkite
Relationship of Warkite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Sapphirine Group:
| Addibischoffite | Ca2Al6Al6O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Sapphirine | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 'UM2002-52-SiO:AlFeMg' | Mg4(Mg1.5Fe+20.3Fe+31.6Al8.5)O4[Si1.7Al10.3O36] |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Warkite associated with Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 |
| 2 photos of Warkite associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| 2 photos of Warkite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 2 photos of Warkite associated with Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| 1 photo of Warkite associated with Eringaite | Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3 |
| 1 photo of Warkite associated with Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 1 photo of Warkite associated with Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 1 photo of Warkite associated with Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.BC. | Abelloemringerite | Cu2Pb2Mn3+Mn4+ 3O11(OH)(H2O)2 · H2O |
| 4.BC. | Ellinaite | CaCr2O4 |
| 4.BC. | Addibischoffite | Ca2Al6Al6O20 |
| 4.BC.5 | Karlleuite | Ca2MnO4 |
| 4.BC.05 | Marokite | CaMn3+2O4 |
| 4.BC.10 | Dmitryivanovite | CaAl2O4 |
| 4.BC.25 | Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| 4.BC.30 | Tululite | Ca14(Fe3+,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe3+,Si,P,Mn,Mg)15O36 |
| 4.BC.30 | Valleyite | Ca4Fe6O13 |
| 4.BC.35 | Krotite | CaAl2O4 |
| 4.BC.40 | Bacaferrite | BaCaFe4O8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Warkite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46079.html
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References for Warkite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 20. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (3) 549-558 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.3.05
Ma, Chi, Krot, Alexander N., Beckett, John R., Nagashima, Kazuhide, Tschauner, Oliver, Rossman, George R., Simon, Steven B., Bischoff, Addi (2020) Warkite, Ca2Sc6Al6O20, a new mineral in carbonaceous chondrites and a key-stone phase in ultrarefractory inclusions from the solar nebula. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 277. 52-86 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.002
Localities for Warkite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Ma et al. (2020) |
Australia (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Italy (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Krot et al. (2019) |
Quick NavTopAbout WarkiteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsChemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Dominion Range 08006 Meteorite, Dominion Range, Victoria Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica