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Tulameenite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Tulameenite (11)Discuss Tulameenite

Tulameenite Gallery Search Photos of Tulameenite

Edit Tulameenite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Tulameenite

Jerusalem Creek, Fifield, Kennedy Co., New South Wales, Australia

Tulameenite, etc.

Soloveva Mountain, Prigorodny District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Tulameenite

Placer Deposits, Tulameen River, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Tulameenite

Jerusalem Creek, Fifield, Kennedy Co., New South Wales, Australia

Tulameenite, etc.

Soloveva Mountain, Prigorodny District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Tulameenite

Placer Deposits, Tulameen River, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Tulameenite

Jerusalem Creek, Fifield, Kennedy Co., New South Wales, Australia

Tulameenite, etc.

Soloveva Mountain, Prigorodny District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About TulameeniteHide

Formula:

Pt₂CuFe

Colour:

White

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

14.9 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Name:

Named after its discovery locality, Tulameen and Similkameen Rivers, British Columbia, Canada.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Placer deposits, Similkameen River, Princeton, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
ⓘ Placer Deposits, Tulameen River, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Possibly forms a solid solution with Tetraferroplatinum.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4046

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4046:0

IMA Classification of TulameeniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1972

Type description reference:

Cabri, L. J., Owens, D. R., Laflamme, J. H. G. (1973) Tulameenite, a new platinum - iron - copper mineral from placers in the Tulameen River area, British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12 (1) 21-25

Classification of TulameeniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

1.AG.40

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
G : PGE-metal alloys

Dana 7th ed.:

1.2.4.2

Dana 8th ed.:

1.2.4.2

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.87

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Tul	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Tul	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of TulameeniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

White

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=420 - 456 kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

14.9 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of TulameeniteHide

Anisotropism:

very weak

Colour in reflected light:

white

Chemistry of TulameeniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pt₂CuFe

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pt	76.570 %
Cu	12.471 %
Fe	10.960 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cu, Fe, Pt - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ir,Ni,Sb

Crystallography of TulameeniteHide

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P4/mmm

Setting:

P4/mmm

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.891(2) Å, c = 3.577(2) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.919

Unit Cell V:

54.16 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005244	Tulameenite	Bayliss P (1990) Revised unit cell dimensions, space group, and chemical formula of some metallic minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 28 751-755		1990		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Tulameenite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Bayliss P'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 28 
_journal_year 1990
_journal_page_first 751
_journal_page_last 755
_publ_section_title
;
 Revised unit cell dimensions, space group,
 and chemical formula of some metallic minerals
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005244
_chemical_formula_sum '(Cu.5 Fe.5) Pt'
_cell_length_a 2.7477
_cell_length_b 2.7477
_cell_length_c 3.5870
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 27.081
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     15.622
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 4/m m m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  'y,x,-z'
  'y,-x,-z'
  '-y,x,z'
  'x,-y,z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  'x,y,-z'
  '-x,-y,z'
  'y,x,z'
  '-y,-x,-z'
  '-y,x,-z'
  'y,-x,z'
  '-x,y,z'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Cu   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000
Fe   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000
Pt   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.179 Å	(100)
1.163 Å	(80)
1.093 Å	(80)
1.946 Å	(70)
1.016 Å	(60)
1.317 Å	(50)
2.753 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites

Type Occurrence of TulameeniteHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Placer deposits, Similkameen River, Princeton, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
ⓘ Placer Deposits, Tulameen River, Similkameen Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M33256; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 128460.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Synonyms of TulameeniteHide

IMA1972-016

Other Language Names for TulameeniteHide

Dutch:Tulameeniet

German:Tulameenit

Russian:Туламинит

Simplified Chinese:铜铁二铂矿

Spanish:Tulameenita

Traditional Chinese:銅鐵二鉑礦

Varieties of TulameeniteHide

Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	Forms a solid solution with ferronickelplatinum. Contains 2.5 and more mass% Sb.
Iridian tulameenite	Tulameenite with Ir content up to 20 wt.%.

Relationship of Tulameenite to other SpeciesHide

Forms a series with:

Ferronickelplatinum

Ferronickelplatinum-Tulameenite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

6 photos of Tulameenite associated with Zvyagintsevite	Pd₃Pb
5 photos of Tulameenite associated with Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
4 photos of Tulameenite associated with Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
3 photos of Tulameenite associated with Erlichmanite	OsS₂
3 photos of Tulameenite associated with Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
2 photos of Tulameenite associated with Oulankaite	(Pd,Pt)₅(Cu,Fe)₄SnTe₂S₂
2 photos of Tulameenite associated with Telargpalite	(Pd,Ag)₃(Te,Bi)
2 photos of Tulameenite associated with 'Limonite'
1 photo of Tulameenite associated with Tomamaeite	Cu₃Pt
1 photo of Tulameenite associated with Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AG.	Sluzhenikinite	Pd₁₅(Sb_7-xSn_x)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
1.AG.	Palladothallite	Pd₃Tl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
1.AG.	Driekopite	PtBi	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.	Sidorovite	Fe₃Pt	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.	Michitoshiite-(Cu)	Rh(Cu_1-xGe_x)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.05	Hexaferrum	(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.05	Garutiite	(Ni,Fe,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.10	Zvyagintsevite	Pd₃Pb	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3n
1.AG.10	Rustenburgite	(Pt,Pd)₃Sn	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.10	Atokite	(Pd,Pt)₃Sn	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.15	Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.15	Tatyanaite	(Pt,Pd,Cu)₉Cu₃Sn₄	Orth.
1.AG.20	Paolovite	Pd₂Sn	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
1.AG.25	Stannopalladinite	(Pd,Cu)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.25	Plumbopalladinite	Pd₃Pb₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
1.AG.30	Cabriite	Pd₂CuSn	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
1.AG.35	Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
1.AG.35	Chengdeite	Ir₃Fe	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
1.AG.40	Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.40	Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi	Tet.
1.AG.45	Skaergaardite	PdCu	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.45	Hongshiite	PtCu	Trig.
1.AG.50	Yixunite	Pt₃In	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
1.AG.55	Damiaoite	PtIn₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.60	Niggliite	PtSn	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.65	Bortnikovite	Pd₄Cu₃Zn	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.70	Nielsenite	PdCu₃	Tet. 4mm : P4mm
1.AG.75	Norilskite	(Pd,Ag)_2xPb (x = 0.08 - 0.11)	Trig. 32 : P3₁21

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Ferromagnetic

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TulameeniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4046.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Tulameenite on Webmineral

Look for Tulameenite on Wikipedia

Look for Tulameenite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for TulameeniteHide

Reference List:

Bayliss, P. (1990) Revised unit cell dimensions, space group, and chemical formula of some metallic minerals. Canadian Mineralogist: 28: 751-755.

Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, Joseph A (1974) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 59 (3-4). 381-384 pp.383-384

SHAHMIRI, M., MURPHY, S. & VAUGHAN, D.J. (1985): Structural and phase equilibria studies in the system PtBFeBCu and the occurrence of tulameenite (Pt2FeCu). Mineralogical Magazine 49, 547-554.

(2005) Tulameenite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for TulameeniteHide

Showing 100 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Albania
Dibër County Bater-Martanesh mining district ⓘ Bulqiza Complex (Bulqiza Massif)	12 (12) +1 other reference

Australia
New South Wales Kennedy Co. Fifield ⓘ Jerusalem Creek	[var: Iridian tulameenite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Owendale Complex	Ma et al. (2023)

Brazil
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Luanga Cr-Pt-Pd deposit	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)

Canada
British Columbia Kamloops Mining Division Kamloops ⓘ Afton Mine	Bart Cannon microprobe analyses on ...
Similkameen Mining Division Princeton Similkameen River ⓘ Placer deposits (TL)	Cabri et al. (1973)
Similkameen River ⓘ Placer Deposits	Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Tulameen River	Nixon et al. (1990)
ⓘ Grasshopper Mt ?	Nixon et al. (1990)
ⓘ Placer Deposits (TL)	Cabri et al. (1973) +1 other reference
Ontario Thunder Bay District Coldwell complex ⓘ Marathon deposit	McDonald et al. (2015)

Colombia
Chocó Department Condoto ⓘ Alto Condoto intrusion	Stribrny et al. (2000)

Ecuador
Esmeraldas Province ⓘ Santiago River placers	Aiglsperger et al. (2017) +1 other reference

Ethiopia
Oromia Region West Welega Zone Gimbi ⓘ Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District)	Kebede H. Belete +3 other references
ⓘ Bir Bir River	[var: Antimony-bearing Tulameenite] Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ...
ⓘ Joubdo Stream	Cabri et al. (1981)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ain Belley Loyettes ⓘ Loyettes quarry	Ducluzaux (2022)
Bourg-en-Bresse Lescheroux ⓘ Reyssouze River placer	Lorand et al. (2018) +1 other reference
New Caledonia Southern Province Le Mont-Dore Ouen Island Ouen Island ophiolite ⓘ Chromitite body No. 3	Cano et al. (2025)
Pirogues River ⓘ Pirogues ophiolite	12 (12) +3 other references

Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate Germersheim Jockgrim Rheinzabern ⓘ Holcim gravel pit	Oberthür et al. (2016)

Greenland
Sermersooq Kangerlussuaq Fjord Skaergaard intrusion ⓘ Platinova reef	Holwell et al. (2015)

Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Kamikawa Subprefecture Uryu District Uryugawa ⓘ Horokanai placer	Excalibur Mineral Co. specimens and ...
Rumoi Subprefecture Obira (Rumoi District) ⓘ Kamikinenbetsu River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
ⓘ Obirashibe River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
ⓘ Obira coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae District Haboro ⓘ Ainusawa River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
ⓘ Moshosanbetsu River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Shosanbetsu ⓘ Minamichiyoda	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae ⓘ Tomamae coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Sorachi Subprefecture Numata ⓘ Numatapongawa	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Kumamoto Prefecture Shimomashiki District Misato ⓘ Haraigawa	Dr Daisuke Nishio-Hamane +3 other references

Myanmar
Sagaing Region Monywa District ⓘ Chindwin river	5th International Platinum Symposium ... +1 other reference

Norway
Trøndelag Leka ⓘ Leka Island	Pedersen et al. (1993) +1 other reference

Papua New Guinea
Oro Province ⓘ Aikora River	Cabri et al. (2022)

Philippines
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island Eastern Samar ⓘ Llorente river	Oberthür et al. (2017)

Russia
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Konnikov et al. (2000) +3 other references
ⓘ Main Reef	Orsoev (2019)
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Miass River	Britvin et al. (1998) +1 other reference
ⓘ Maly Iremel placer	Zaykov et al. (2017)
Irkutsk Oblast Bodaybinsky District Bodaibo Lena Gold District Kropotkinsky ore cluster ⓘ Sukhoi Log deposit	www.igem.ru (2001)
Uda–Biryusa district ⓘ Tartai Massif	Podlipsky et al. (2015)
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug ⓘ Chirynaisky Massif	Mandarino (2000)
Olyutorsky district ⓘ Epilchik mafic-ultramafic complex	Sidorov et al. (2021)
Korf ⓘ Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif	Sidorov et al. (2004) +3 other references
ⓘ Ledyanoy Creek placer	Vlasov et al. (2002) +2 other references
ⓘ Levtyrinyvayam River placer	Tolstykh et al. (2004)
ⓘ Matysken complex	Cabri et al. (2022)
ⓘ Matysken River	Kutyrev et al. (2020) +1 other reference
ⓘ Prizhimny Creek	Kutyrev et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Sobolevsky District ⓘ Mount Filipp	Sidorov et al. (2004)
Ust-Kamchatsky District ⓘ Kamchatsky Mys ophiolite complex	Kutyrev et al. (2023)
ⓘ Olkhovaya–1 River placer	Tolstykh et al. (2009)
Khabarovsk Krai Ayano-Maysky district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Laflamme et al. (1997) +1 other reference
ⓘ Anomal’niy Cu-PGE deposit	Kasatkin et al. (2025)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex ⓘ Sisim Placer Zone	Barkov et al. (2018)
Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District Kureika river Dzheltul'skii massif (Dzhaltul) ⓘ Dzhaltul Mount	Shvedov et al. (2015)
Western Sayan range Idgimsky gabbro- peridotite-pyroxenite complex ⓘ Kalna river placers	Cherkasova et al. (2014, August)
Yermakovsky District ⓘ Bolshoy Khailyk River placers	Barkov et al. (2018) +2 other references
Murmansk Oblast Monche tundra intrusion ⓘ Monchetundra deposit	Grokhovskaya et al. (2009)
ⓘ Borehole 1818	Vymazalová et al. (2020)
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Burakovskii Layered Complex	Grokhovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Shalozerskoe (Kuk Ruchei) deposit	Grishaenko et al. (2007)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	Eur. J. Mineral. +2 other references
ⓘ Nadezhda PGM deposit	Barkov et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Sverdlovsk Oblast Kachkanar ⓘ Svetloborsky intrusion	Stepanov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Veresovoborsky intrusion	Stepanov et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Nizhnii Tagil ⓘ Nizhnetagilskii massif (Nizhne-Tagilskii)	Mineralogy of Ural. Native elements et al. (in Rus.) +3 other references
ⓘ Gosshakhta Pt Mine	Pekov (1998)
Nizhnyaya Tura ⓘ Veresovka River	Stepanov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Veresovyi Bor	Stepanov et al. (2020)
Novolyalinsky District ⓘ Kytlym complex (Kytlym massif)	Garuti et al. (2002)
ⓘ Butyrin vein	Zaccarini et al. (2011)
Polevskoy Omutnaya River ⓘ Omutninskaya Pt-bearing placer	Pekov (1998)
Prigorodny District ⓘ Soloveva Mountain	V.D. Begizov data
ⓘ Svetley Bor complex	Stepanov et al. (2017)
Yekaterinburg ⓘ Uktus complex	9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,) +3 other references
ⓘ Syum-Keu Ophiolite Massif	Gurskaya (2002)

Sierra Leone
Western Area ⓘ Freetown layered complex	Bowles (1986) +4 other references
ⓘ Big Water	Bowles et al. (2018)

South Africa
ⓘ Bushveld Complex	... +1 other reference
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality ⓘ Driekop Mine	Oberthür (2018)
ⓘ Maandagshoek Farm	Melcher et al. (2005)
Steelpoort ⓘ Onverwacht Mine	Oberthür et al. (2021)
Waterberg District Municipality Mogalakwena Local Municipality Mokopane Mogalakwena Mine ⓘ Sandsloot Mine	Holwell et al. (2006) +1 other reference

Spain
Galicia A Coruña ⓘ Herbeira ultramafic massif	García-Tudela et al. (2024)

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij et al. (2016) +1 other reference

Turkey
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu et al. (2010)

Ukraine
Kirovohrad Oblast ⓘ Boltysh Crater	Gurov et al. (2013) +1 other reference

USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area Goodnews Bay Salmon River - Red Mountain District ⓘ Dowry Creek mine	USGS Open-File Report 01-269 +1 other reference
ⓘ Platinum Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
Kodiak Island Borough Tugidak Island ⓘ Southern beach placer	Belkin et al. (2021)
Montana ⓘ Stillwater Complex	Anthony et al. (1990)
Stillwater County J-M Reef (Howland Reef) ⓘ Minneapolis adit	Criddle et al. (1985)
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith and Barnes (2011)

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Kadoma District Mhondoro ⓘ Umsweswe River	Oberthür et al. (2013)
Midlands Shurugwi District ⓘ Umtebekwe River	Oberthür et al. (2013)

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Tulameenite

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