Stanleyite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Stanleyite
Sir Henry Morton Stanley, GCB, born John Rowlands
Formula:
(V4+O)(SO4) · 6H2O
Colour:
Light blue to greenish blue
Hardness:
1 - 1½
Specific Gravity:
1.95
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after Sir Henry Morton Stanley (John Rowlands) (1841-1904), Welsh-American journalist who, on assignment from the New York Herald, found David Livingstone in Africa in 1871.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Stanleyite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3746
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3746:0
IMA Classification of Stanleyite
Classification of Stanleyite
7.DE.50
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations; unclassified
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations; unclassified
29.6.13.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.8.6
25 : Sulphates
8 : Sulphates of Sb, V, Cr and U
25 : Sulphates
8 : Sulphates of Sb, V, Cr and U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Stl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Stanleyite
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Light blue to greenish blue
Streak:
White
Hardness:
1 - 1½ on Mohs scale
Density:
1.95 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.01 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stanleyite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.505 nβ = 1.519 nγ = 1.533
2V:
Calculated: 88°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.028
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = blue; Z = very pale blue.
Comments:
Absorption: X = Y > Z.
Chemistry of Stanleyite
Mindat Formula:
(V4+O)(SO4) · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Stanleyite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.12 Å, b = 9.71 Å, c = 14.92 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.248 : 1 : 1.537
Unit Cell V:
1,755.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Minute plates
Comment:
May be orthorhombic, monoclinic or triclinic
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.20 Å | (100) |
| 4.98 Å | (90) |
| 4.69 Å | (80) |
| 4.41 Å | (60) |
| 3.81 Å | (60) |
| 3.73 Å | (60) |
| 3.09 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Stanleyite
General Appearance of Type Material:
1.5 mm fragments or efflorescences.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1922.11.6.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 160386.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 160386.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Vanadium ore
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Stanleyite
Other Language Names for Stanleyite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Stanleyite associated with Patrónite | VS4 |
| 2 photos of Stanleyite associated with Oldsite-(K) | K2Fe2+[(UO2)(SO4)2]2(H2O)8 |
| 2 photos of Stanleyite associated with 'Asphaltite' | |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with 'Bitumen' | |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with Bobjonesite | (V4+O)(SO4) · 3H2O |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with Orthominasragrite | (V4+O)(SO4) · 5H2O |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with Anorthominasragrite | (V4+O)(SO4) · 5H2O |
| 1 photo of Stanleyite associated with 'Petrified Wood' |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DE. | Magnesioalterite | Mg2Fe3+4(SO4)4(C2O4)2(OH)4 · 17H2O |
| 7.DE. | Fabritzite | Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DE. | Cossaite | (Mg0.5,◻)Al6(SO4)6(HSO4)F6 · 36H2O |
| 7.DE. | Downsite | K2(MoO3)3(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.DE. | Liangjunite | K2(Mo2O5)(SO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 7.DE.05 | Mangazeite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 7.DE.10 | 'UKI-1975-(SO:AlCu)' | (Cu, Al, SO4, H2O) |
| 7.DE.10 | Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 7.DE.10 | Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 7.DE.15 | Schwertmannite | Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O |
| 7.DE.20 | Tlalocite | Cu10Zn6(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)(OH)25Cl · 27H2O |
| 7.DE.25 | Utahite | MgCu4Zn2Te6+3O14(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.DE.35 | Coquandite | Sb6+xO8+x(SO4)(OH)x(H2O)1- x (x = 0.3) |
| 7.DE.40 | Osakaite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 5H2O |
| 7.DE.42 | Alterite | Zn2Fe3+4(SO4)4(C2O4)2(OH)4 · 17H2O |
| 7.DE.45 | Barrotite | Cu9Al(HSiO4)2[(SO4)(HAsO4)0.5](OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DE.45 | Wilcoxite | MgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O |
| 7.DE.47 | Tiberiobardiite | {Cu9Al[SiO3(OH)]2(OH)12(H2O)6}(SO4)1.5 · 10H2O |
| 7.DE.50 | Bouškaite | (MoO2)2O(SO3OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 7.DE.57 | 'Khangalasite' | Fe(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DE.60 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 12-36H2O |
| 7.DE.62 | Volaschioite | Fe4(SO4)O2(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 7.DE.65 | Zaherite | Al12(SO4)5(OH)26 · 20H2O |
| 7.DE.75 | Camérolaite | Cu6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb(OH)6](SO4) |
Other Information
Notes:
Easily soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stanleyite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3746.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Stanleyite
Localities for Stanleyite
Showing 7 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Peru (TL) | |
| Livingstone (1982) |
Russia | |
| Bortnikova et al. (2008) |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
USA | |
| EDS analyzed by Joy Desor. +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| SEM-EDS and XRD analyzed by Dr. Travis ... |
Quick NavTopAbout StanleyiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Ragra Mine, Huayllay District, Pasco Province, Pasco, Peru