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Maldonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Maldonite (7)Discuss Maldonite

Maldonite Gallery Search Photos of Maldonite

Edit Maldonite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Maldonite, etc.

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Maldonite

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Maldonite, etc.

Ädelfors, Alseda, Vetlanda, Jönköping County, Sweden

Maldonite, etc.

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Maldonite

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Maldonite, etc.

Ädelfors, Alseda, Vetlanda, Jönköping County, Sweden

Maldonite, etc.

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Maldonite

Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

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About MaldoniteHide

Maldon, Australia

Formula:

Au₂Bi

Colour:

silver white with pink tint

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

1½ - 2

Specific Gravity:

15.46

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Copper Group

Name:

Named for the type locality, Maldon (Australia).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Nuggety Reef, Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Thermodynamically unstable below ~116°C, but is found in a metastable state in nature.
Maldonite is the only stable binary alloy phase in the system Au-Bi.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2553

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2553:5

Similar NamesHide

Miltonite

A synonym of Bassanite

IMA Classification of MaldoniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1870

Type description reference:

Ulrich, G.H.F. (1870) Maldonite or bismuthic gold. In: Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria, John Ferres (Melbourne): 1-32.

Classification of MaldoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.AA.40

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
A : Alloys
A : Alloys of metalloids with Cu, Ag, Au

Dana 7th ed.:

1.1.5.1

Dana 8th ed.:

1.1.3.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.50

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Mdo	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Mld	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of MaldoniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Silver white with pink tint

Comment:

Tarnishes to black

Hardness:

1½ - 2 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=147 - 264 kg/mm² - Vickers

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
001 & 110

Fracture:

Hackly, Conchoidal

Density:

15.46 g/cm³ (Measured) 15.70 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of MaldoniteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	48.3%
420nm	49.0%
440nm	50.2%
460nm	51.5%
480nm	53.2%
500nm	54.9%
520nm	56.6%
540nm	58.0%
560nm	59.0%
580nm	59.6%
600nm	59.9%
620nm	60.0%
640nm	60.0%
660nm	60.0%
680nm	60.0%
700nm	60.1%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 60.1%.

Colour in reflected light:

White, blue tint

Chemistry of MaldoniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Au₂Bi

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	34.662 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Au, Bi - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of MaldoniteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.97 Å

Unit Cell V:

506.26 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

octahedral crystals or massive

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0010552	Maldonite	Jurriaanse T (1935) The crystal structure of Au2Bi Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 90 322-329		1935	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Maldonite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Jurriaanse T'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie'
_journal_volume 90 
_journal_year 1935
_journal_page_first 322
_journal_page_last 329
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of Au2Bi
;
_database_code_amcsd 0010552
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Bi Au2'
_cell_length_a 7.942
_cell_length_b 7.942
_cell_length_c 7.942
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 500.945
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     15.988
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Bi   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
Au   0.62500   0.62500   0.62500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.41 Å	(100)
2.30 Å	(50)
1.53 Å	(60)
1.412 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of MaldoniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Nuggety Reef, Maldon, Mount Alexander Shire, Victoria, Australia

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Gold reef associated with Devonian granites

Reference:

Ulrich, G.H.F. (1870) Maldonite or bismuthic gold. In: Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria, John Ferres (Melbourne): 1-32.

Other Language Names for MaldoniteHide

Dutch:Maldoniet

German:Maldonit
Wismuthgold

Russian:Мальдонит

Simplified Chinese:黑铋金矿

Spanish:Maldonita

Relationship of Maldonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Copper Group

Other Members of Copper Group:

Native Copper	Cu	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
Native Gold	Au	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
Native Silver	Ag	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Maldonite associated with Native Bismuth	Bi
3 photos of Maldonite associated with Native Gold	Au
2 photos of Maldonite associated with Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
1 photo of Maldonite associated with Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
1 photo of Maldonite associated with Bismite	Bi₂O₃
1 photo of Maldonite associated with 'Electrum'	(Au,Ag)
1 photo of Maldonite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.AA.	Trigodomeykite	Cu_3-xAs	Trig. 3 : P3
2.AA.10b	Domeykite	Cu₃As	Iso. 43m : I43d
2.AA.10a	Algodonite	(Cu_1-xAs_x)	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.AA.10d	Koutekite	Cu₅As₂	Hex.
2.AA.15	Novákite	(Cu,Ag)₂₁As₁₀	Mon.
2.AA.20	Cuprostibite	Cu₂(Sb,Tl)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
2.AA.25	Kutinaite	Ag₆Cu₁₄As₇	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.AA.30	Allargentum	(Ag_1-xSb_x)	Hex.
2.AA.35	Dyscrasite	Ag₃Sb	Orth. mm2 : Pmm2
2.AA.45	Stistaite	SnSb	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.AA.50	Zaccariniite	RhNiAs	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
2.AA.55	Dienerite	Ni₃As	Iso. 43m : I43d

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for MaldoniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2553.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Maldonite on Webmineral

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for MaldoniteHide

Reference List:

Ulrich, G.H.F. (1870) Maldonite or bismuthic gold. In: Contributions to the Mineralogy of Victoria, John Ferres (Melbourne): 1-32.

Jurriaanse, T. (1935) The Crystal Structure of Au₂Bi. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 90 (1-6). 322-329 doi:10.1524/zkri.1935.90.1.322

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.95-96

N. E. Alekseevskii, G. S. Zhdanov, and N. N. Zhuravlev (1953): Structure of Super Conductors. II. The Low-Temperature Decomposition of the Metallic Compound Au2Bi. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 25, 123–126 (in Russian). [Chem. Abstr., 49, 5050 (1955)]

Berry, L. G., Thompson, R. M. (1962) X-Ray Powder Data for Ore Minerals: the Peacock Atlas. GSA Memoir 85. Geological Society of America doi:10.1130/mem85p.15

Boyer, François, Picot, Paul (1963) Sur la présence de maldonite (Au2Bi) à Salsigne (Aude) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 86 (4) 429 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1963.5680

Prokuronov, P.V., Dryzhak, Y.I., Shkurskii, V.I. (1976) First find of maldonite in the USSR. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 105: 453–456. (in Russian)

Elliott, R.P. and Shunk. F.A. (1982): The Au−Bi (Gold-Bismuth) System. Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2(4), 479-481.

Okamoto, H. & Massalski, T.B. (1983): The Au−Bi (Gold-Bismuth) system. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 4, 401-407.

Sakharova, M., Krivitskaia, N., Spiridonov, E., Chvileva, T. (1983) First occurrence of maldonite in Siberia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 270(4): 960-962.

Gamyanin, G.N., Nekrasov, I.Ya., Samusikov, V.P. (1986) Maldonite from gold occurrences of East Yakutia. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal: 8(3): 65–71.

Tian, S., Chen, J., Yuan, B. (1990) Maldonite in an altered granite at Fengkai, Guangdong Province. Acta Mineralogica Sinica: 10(4): 382-384.

Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.348

Lawrence, L.J. , Ramsden, A.R., Munro-Smith, V. (1998) Maldonite and its paragenesis at Kingsgate, New South Wales. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 131, 13-18.

Bernard, Jan, Hyršl, Jaroslav (2004) Minerals and their Localities (1st ed.) Granit, Prague.

(2005) Maldonite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Birch, William D.; Ciobanu, Christina L. (2009) Maldonite from the type locality, Maldon, Victoria, Australia: a new investigation of its occurrence. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 15 (1&2). 25-38

Localities for MaldoniteHide

Showing 139 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Georgiana County Burraga ⓘ Lucky Draw Mine	Sheppard et al. (1995)
Gough Co. ⓘ Kingsgate	Lawrence et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Robinson Co. Cobar ⓘ New Occidental Mine (New Occidental gold mine; Occidental gold mine; The United mine)	Paar et al. (2006)
Queensland Mareeba Shire Chillagoe ⓘ Empire Stockworks prospect	Graham-Ruzicka (2014)
North Burnett Region Mount Biggenden ⓘ Biggenden Mine	part of list University of Queensland
Tasmania Kentish municipality Moina - Middlesex District ⓘ Stormont mine	Cockerton et al. (2012)
West Coast municipality Rosebery district Rosebery ⓘ Rosebery Mine	Zaw et al. (1997) +1 other reference
Victoria Mount Alexander Shire ⓘ Maldon	Cristiana Ciobanu & Bill Birch 2008 +1 other reference
ⓘ Eaglehawk Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Nuggety Reef (TL)	Palache et al. (1944) +1 other reference
ⓘ Parkins Reef	Ciobanu et al. (2010)
ⓘ North British mine	Ciobanu et al. (2010)
Western Australia Boddington Shire Bannister ⓘ Boddington Mine	Kalleske (2010)
Paterson Orogen ⓘ Winu deposit	Dalstra et al. (2023)
Yilgarn Shire Marvel Loch ⓘ Nevoria Gold Mine	Meinert +1 other reference

Bolivia
Potosí Sud Lípez Province Esmoraca district ⓘ Pueblo Viejo Mine (Central Mine)	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)

Brazil
Espírito Santo Castelo ⓘ Castelo alluvials	Tosi et al. (2026)
Goiás Guarinos ⓘ Maria Lázara mine	Jost et al. (2001)
Minas Gerais Mariana Passagem de Mariana ⓘ Passagem mine	Oberthür et al. (2008)

Bulgaria
Haskovo Province Ivaylovgrad Municipality Ivaylovgrad ⓘ Kamilski Dol	Kerestedjian (1997)

Canada
British Columbia Lillooet Mining Division ⓘ Little Gem prospect	Montgomery (n.d.)
Osoyoos Mining Division Hedley ⓘ Nickel Plate Mine	Econ Geol (1992) +2 other references
ⓘ Oregon Mine (French Mine)	Dawson
Similkameen Mining Division Siwash Lake ⓘ ELK mine ?	personal correspondence with Giles ...
Northwest Territories Mazenod Lake District ⓘ NICO deposit	Burgess et al. (2014)
Ontario Algoma District McMurray Township ⓘ Minto mine	Wehrle et al. (2023)

Chile
Aisén Coihaique Province Cerro Estatuas Ñirehuao District ⓘ El Toqui property	Maskaev et al. (2007)

China
Anhui Tongling Shizishan ore field ⓘ Baocun Au deposit	Huan Hu et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Tongguanshan ore field ⓘ Tianmashan Mine	Zhao et al. (1999)
Guangdong Zhaoqing Fengkai County ⓘ Maldonite occurrence	Shuzhang Tian et al. (1990)
Hainan Ledong Co. ⓘ Baolun Au Mine	Bin Shu et al. (2006) +4 other references
Hebei Chengde Pingquan County ⓘ Xiayingfang Au deposit	[[1]]Li et al. (2022)
Heilongjiang Shuangyashan Baoqing County ⓘ Laozuoshan Mine	Meng et al. (2022)
Henan Sanmenxia Lingbao City ⓘ Fancha gold deposit	Liu et al. (2020)
Hunan Yiyang Heshan District ⓘ Zi river placer (Zijiang placer)	Shuzhang Tian (1989)
Inner Mongolia Bayannur City (Bayannao'er Prefecture) Urad Middle Banner (Wulate Zhongqi) ⓘ Haoyaoerhudong Au deposit	Zhang et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi) ⓘ Baiyinnuo'er Pb-Zn-polymetallic deposit	Dequan Zhang et al. (1991)
Liaoning Dandong Zhen'an District Wulong orefield ⓘ Wulong Mine	Feng et al. (2023)
Shaanxi Weinan Tongguan County Tongyu gold field ⓘ Tongyu Mine (Tongyu I deposit)	Yanming Xu et al. (2013)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Danba Co. Xintaizi Au ore field ⓘ Dulanggou Au deposit	Ma et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Yunnan Dali Heqing County ⓘ Beiya Au-Cu ore field	Zhou et al. (2016)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Hvožďany ⓘ Petráčkova hora deposit	Zachariáš et al. (1997)
Psí hory gold mining district Borotice Čelina ⓘ Čelina gold deposit	Lips (2006)
Chotilsko Mokrsko ⓘ Mokrsko-West gold deposit (Mokrsko Au deposit)	Zachariáš et al. (2014)
Plzeň Region Klatovy District ⓘ Horská Kvilda	Šrein (2008)
Kašperské Hory ⓘ Kašperské Hory deposit	Vavřín (1994) +1 other reference
South Bohemian Region Písek District Milevsko ⓘ Voltyrov	M. Koubov (2001)
Vysočina Region Pelhřimov District Humpolec ⓘ Orlík (Štůly)	Ďurišová (1988)

Finland
Central Finland Pihtipudas Kanalanmäki area Säkkärämäki ⓘ Pirunkoukku gold occurrence	Novoselov et al. (2015)
Kainuu Kuhmo ⓘ Piilola	Ermolina O et al. (2014)
Lapland Kittilä ⓘ Kittilä gold mine (Suurikuusikko mine; Rouravaara; Korkeakuusikko; Vuomajärvi)	Agnico Eagle Mines Limited
Ylitornio ⓘ Rompas	Molnár +3 other references
North Ostrobothnia Haapavesi ⓘ Kiimala (Ängesneva)	Kojonen
Kalajoki ⓘ Huhta deposit	Hector et al. (2023)
Kuusamo ⓘ Kouvervaara	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
Raahe ⓘ Laivakangas-N (Näädänmaa; Näädänmalmi)	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ... +1 other reference
Ylivieska ⓘ Kurula	Hector et al. (2023)
Pirkanmaa Lempäälä ⓘ Kalliojärvi	Kuikka (2014)
Satakunta Huittinen ⓘ Jokisivu (Kujankallio)	www.gsf.fi (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ritakallio	Satu Vuori et al. (2005)
South Savo Rantasalmi ⓘ Osikonmäki (Osikko)	Kojonen +1 other reference
Southwest Finland Naantali ⓘ Velkua	Kärkkäinen et al. (2012)
Somero ⓘ Satulinmäki prospect	Eilu (2003)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Cantal Saint-Flour Bonnac Moulin de la Borie (Bonnac South) ⓘ Costillon	R. Pierrot
ⓘ Scoufour (Bonnac North)	Anthony et al. (1990)
Occitanie Aude Carcassonne Salsigne ⓘ Salsigne mine	Anthony et al. (1990)

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria ⓘ Unnamed placers	Dill (2008)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)	Voudouris (2005)
ⓘ Hilarion Mine	Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold
South Aegean Milos Serifos Island ⓘ Megalo Livadi	Korosidis et al. (2022, March)

Greenland
Kujalleq Napasorsuaq ⓘ Nalunaq Mine	Grammatikopoulos et al. (2004)

India
Rajasthan Udaipur Division Banswara District ⓘ Bhukia Project	Panthera Resources Plc
ⓘ Jagpura	Anand et al. (2022)

Iran
Markazi Province Shazand County ⓘ Nezam Abad prospect	Nezafatis (2006)

Italy
Sardinia South Sardinia Province ⓘ Furtei	Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
ⓘ Furtei mine	Luetcke (n.d.) +1 other reference
Gonnosfanadiga ⓘ Nuraxi De Togoro Prospect	Deidda et al. (2022)

Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture ⓘ Togahira mine (Tsugahira mine)	Am. Min. 75:434-435 (1990)

Mali
Kayes Region Kayes Cercle Sadiola Commune ⓘ Sadiola (Sadiola Mine)	Masurel (2016) +1 other reference
Sikasso Region Bougouni Cercle ⓘ Morila Mine	Randgold Resources

Mauritania
Inchiri Region Akjoujt (Akjout; Fort Repoux) ⓘ Akjoujt Mine (Guelb Moghrein Mine)	Sakellaris et al. (2008)
ⓘ Guelb Moghrein	Kolb et al. (2006) +2 other references

Morocco
Marrakesh-Safi Region Al Haouz Province Asni Cercle Tichka Massif ⓘ Oukilal	Y. Moëlo : "Compte-rendu de la ...

Namibia
Erongo Region Karibib Constituency Farm Navachab ⓘ Navachab Gold Mine	Nörtemann et al. (2000) +1 other reference

Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Juan de Fuca Ridge complex Gorda Ridge Southern Gorda Ridge ⓘ Escanaba Trough	Eos Trans. AGU (48) +1 other reference

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jawor County Gmina Bolków ⓘ Radzimowice	Mikulski (2005, January)
ⓘ Stara Góra deposit	Mikulski (2005)
ⓘ Wilhelm Mine	Siuda (2001)
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Złoty Stok Złoty Stok Szlakowa Dolina Złoty Jar ⓘ Złoty Jar quarry	Mikulski (2013)

Portugal
Évora Montemor-o-Novo Santiago do Escoural ⓘ Casas Novas Mine	São Pedro et al. (2026)
Guarda Vila Nova de Foz Côa Numão ⓘ Numão prospect	Leal et al. (2022)
Vila Real Boticas Ardãos e Bobadela ⓘ Limarinho deposit	Fuertes-Fuente et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Viseu Lamego Magueija e Pretarouca Bigorne ⓘ Bigorne deposit	Leal et al. (2019) +1 other reference

Romania
Bihor County Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district	Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District	Cook et al. (2002)

Russia
Belgorod Oblast Kursk Magnetic Anomaly group ⓘ Stoilinskoe Fe deposit	Chernyshov et al. (2009, November)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Plastovsky District Plast Kochkar' District ⓘ Svetlinskoe Au deposit	Vikentyev (2015)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District ⓘ Kekura (Kekurnoe) deposit	Nagornaya et al. (2020)
Kabardino-Balkaria Elbrussky District Tyrnyauz Urban Settlement ⓘ Tyrnyauz Mo-W deposit	extraLapis "Gold" issue
Magadan Oblast ⓘ Butarny deposit	Volkov et al. (2013)
Khasynsky District ⓘ Butarnoye deposit	Savva et al. (2022)
ⓘ Platsdarm deposit	Litvinenko Ivan Stepanovych (2020)
Tenkinsky District ⓘ Maltan deposit	Savva et al. (2022)
ⓘ Shkolnoe mine	Goryachev (2001)
Murmansk Oblast Polyarnyy ⓘ Maljavr Au occurrence	Kalinin et al. (2024)
Primorsky Krai Dalnerechensky District Malinovsky cluster ⓘ Malinovskoe Cu-Au deposit	Grebennikova et al. (2023)
ⓘ Namovskoe deposit	Grebennikova et al. (2023)
Republic of Karelia Kostomuksha City District Kostomuksha Fe deposit ⓘ Kostomuksha Au prospect	Kuleshevich et al. (2008)
Pryazhinsky District ⓘ Novye Peski deposit	Ivashchenko et al. (2018, June) +1 other reference
Sakha Indigirka River Basin Sana-Maltan ore field ⓘ Maltan deposit	Savva et al. (2022)
Tenkeli Au-W-Sn district ⓘ Galechnoe deposit	Gamyanin +6 other references
Tyry River ⓘ Nezhdaninsky Au deposit	Bortnikov et al. (2007)
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District Lugokan ore cluster ⓘ Lugokanskoe Cu-Au-Fe deposit	Redin et al. (2015)
ⓘ Serebryanoe deposit	Redin et al. (2015)
ⓘ Sredne-Golgotay deposit (Sredne-Golgotayskoe deposit)	Gvozdev et al. (2020)
Tungokochensky District Vershino-Darasunskiy ⓘ Darasun mine	Spiridonov et al. (2010) +1 other reference

Slovakia
Košice Region Gelnica District Henclová ⓘ Uranium prospect	Ferenc et al. (2024)

South Africa
Mpumalanga Ehlanzeni District Municipality Mbombela Local Municipality Barberton ⓘ New Consort Mine	Otto et al. (2008)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Rustenburg Local Municipality Rustenburg ⓘ Waaikraal gold deposit	Verryn et al. (1991)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora Sierra Almagrera ⓘ Golosina mine	Andres Navarro Flores collection
Huelva Cala ⓘ Sultana mine	Calvo Rebollar (2003)
Asturias Salas ⓘ La Ortosa gold skarn deposit	Cepedal et al. (2006)
Galicia A Coruña Malpica ⓘ Corcoesto deposit	Minero (2014)

Sweden
Jönköping County Vetlanda Alseda ⓘ Ädelfors	Jonas Börje Lundin (2015)

Ukraine
Kirovohrad Oblast Kropyvnytskyi Raion ⓘ Klyntsi gold deposit	O.K.Babynin et al. (2006)
Odesa Oblast Podilsk Raion ⓘ Maiskoe gold deposit (Mayske)	Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference

USA
Alaska Fairbanks North Star Borough Fairbanks Mining District ⓘ Dolphin Prospect	- (2008)
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Goodpaster Mining District Liese Creek Prospects ⓘ Pogo	Rombach et al. (2002, October) +1 other reference
ⓘ Peak Deposit	Illig (2015)
California El Dorado County Placerville Mining District Placerville (Hangtown) Coon Hollow ⓘ Coon Hollow Mine (Coon Hollow Hydraulic Mine; Coon Hollow placer; Coon Hollow and Excelsior)	Murdoch (1966) +3 other references
Colorado ⓘ Boulder County	...
Idaho Custer County Washington Basin Mining District ⓘ Empire ledge	Ream (1995)
North Carolina ⓘ Rutherford County	Wilson

Uzbekistan
Navoiy Central Kyzylkum Region Zarafshan Muruntau ore field ⓘ Myutenbai Ag-Au deposit	Koneev et al. (2005)
Samarqand North Nuratau Mountains Zarmitan ⓘ Charmitan Mine (Zarmitan Mine)	Eshimov et al. (1987) +2 other references
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Eleonora A. Dunin-Barkovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit)	GEOCHMISTRY

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland East Goromonzi District ⓘ Viceroy Mine	Oberthür et al. (2008)
Masvingo Masvingo District ⓘ Renco Mine	Blenkinsop et al. (1996) +1 other reference

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Maldonite

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