Krautite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Krautite
François Kraut
Formula:
Mn(HAsO4) · H2O
Colour:
Rose red, rose pink, to brownish red
Lustre:
Resinous, Dull
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.30
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by François Fontan, Marcel Orliac, and François Permingeat in 1975 in honor of François Kraut [born February 8, 1907 in Pinkafo, Hungary (today Pinkafeld, Austria) - died August 28, 1983 in Paris, France], mineralogist of the Musée Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Type Locality:
A synthetic triclinic polymorph of MnHAsO4(H2O), which does not show a direct group-subgroup relation with monoclinic krautite, is closely related with other triclinic M(II)HAsO4(H2O) (M = Co, Cu, Zn, Mg) mineral phases (Weil et al., 2022).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2272
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2272:5
Similar Names
| Groatite | A valid IMA mineral species | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 |
| Groutite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Kraurite | A synonym of Dufrénite | |
| Krausite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | KFe(SO4)2 · H2O |
| Krotite | A valid IMA mineral species | CaAl2O4 |
| Kruťaite | A valid IMA mineral species | CuSe2 |
| Kuratite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca2(Fe52+Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
IMA Classification of Krautite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O
Approval year:
1974
First published:
1975
Classification of Krautite
8.CB.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
39.1.3.1
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : A[HXO4]·xH2O
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : A[HXO4]·xH2O
20.8.7
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kra | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Krautite
Resinous, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Rose red, rose pink, to brownish red
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Estimated
Comment:
Hardness less than 4
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect micaceous; {101} good, {101} poor.
{010} perfect micaceous; {101} good, {101} poor.
Density:
3.30 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.27 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
American Mineralogist 64:1248 (1979) structure
Optical Data of Krautite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.620(2) nβ = 1.639(2) nγ = 1.686(2)
2V:
Measured: 60° to 70°, Calculated: 68°
Birefringence:
0.066
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.066
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
Z ^ {101} = 16°; X = b; elongation (+).
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Krautite
Mindat Formula:
Mn(HAsO4) · H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Krautite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
P21
Setting:
P21
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.012(2) Å, b = 15.956(4) Å, c = 6.801(2) Å
β = 96.60(3)°
β = 96.60(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.502 : 1 : 0.426
Unit Cell V:
863.67 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Comment:
For synthetic crystal. Strong P21/n pseudosymmetry.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000753 | Krautite | Catti M, Franchini-Angela M (1979) Krautite, Mn(H2O)(AsO3OH): crystal structure, hydrogen bonding and relations with haidingerite and pharmacolite American Mineralogist 64 1248-1254 |  | 1979 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.99 Å | (90) |
| 4.88 Å | (40) |
| 3.86 Å | (100) |
| 3.30 Å | (100) |
| 3.27 Å | (100) |
| 3.19 Å | (90) |
| 2.86 Å | (40) |
| 2.73 Å | (60) |
Comments:
ICDD 29-888 (synthetic); 33-895.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals | |
| 57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Type Occurrence of Krautite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As thin lamellae, to 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France, 100329, 132295; Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria, J8927; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R10961.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Krautite
Other Language Names for Krautite
Relationship of Krautite to other Species
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Krautite associated with Villyaellenite | (Mn,Ca)Mn2Ca2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CB. | Krupičkaite | Cu6[AsO3(OH)]6 · 8H2O |
| 8.CB.X | Honzaite | Ni2(AsO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.CB.X | Redondite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CB.05 | Ermeloite | Al(PO4) · H2O |
| 8.CB.05 | Serrabrancaite | MnPO4 · H2O |
| 8.CB.10 | Nyholmite | Cd3Zn2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CB.10 | Villyaellenite | (Mn,Ca)Mn2Ca2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CB.10 | Giftgrubeite | CaMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CB.10 | Hureaulite | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CB.10 | Miguelromeroite | Mn2+5(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2(H2O)4 |
| 8.CB.10 | 'UM1997-09-AsO:CaHMgZn' | (Mg,Ca,Zn)5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CB.20 | Cobaltkoritnigite | Co(AsO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.CB.20 | Magnesiokoritnigite | Mg(AsO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.CB.20 | Koritnigite | Zn(AsO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.CB.25 | Yvonite | Cu(HAsO4) · 2H2O |
| 8.CB.30 | Geminite | Cu2+(AsO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.CB.35 | Schubnelite | Fe3+VO4 · H2O |
| 8.CB.40 | Radovanite | Cu2Fe3+(AsO4)(HAs3+O3)2 · H2O |
| 8.CB.45 | Kazakhstanite | Fe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9 · 9H2O |
| 8.CB.50 | Kolovratite | NixZny(VO4)0.67(x+y) · nH2O |
| 8.CB.60 | Burgessite | Co2(H2O)4[AsO3(OH)]2(H2O) |
| 8.CB.65 | Cardite | Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3 · 3H2O |
Fluorescence of Krautite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Krautite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2272.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Krautite
Reference List:
Fontan, François, Orliac, Marcel, Permingeat, François (1975) La krautite MnHAsO4 • H2O, une nouvelle espèce minérale. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 98 (1) 78-84 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1975.6961 [Abs. in American Mineralogist (1976): 61: 503]
Catti, Michele, Franchini-Angela, Marinella (1979) Krautite, Mn(H2O)(AsO3OH): crystal structure, hydrogen bonding and relations with haidingerite and pharmacolite. American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12) 1248-1254
Beneke, Klaus; Lagaly, Gerhard (1981) Krautite, MnHAsO4 · H2O - an intracrystalline reactive mineral. American Mineralogist, 66 (3-4). 432-435
Buckley, A. M., Bramwell, S. T., Day, P. (1990) Intercalation reactions of krautite, HMnAsO4-H2O. American Mineralogist, 75 (9-10) 1140-1146
Localities for Krautite
Showing 8 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Ashley et al. (1999) |
Chile | |
| Samples analysed by Tony Kampf of LAC ... +2 other references |
| analysed material from a german Museum ... | |
Czech Republic | |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
Italy | |
| Gianluca Armellino et al. (2024) |
Japan | |
| 島倉広至 et al. (2015) |
Romania (TL) | |
| Fontan et al. (1975) +2 other references |
| Handbook for Mineralogy |
Quick NavTopAbout KrautiteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Săcărâmb, Certeju de Sus, Hunedoara County, Romania