Klockmannite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Klockmannite
Friedrich F. H. Klockmann
Formula:
CuSe
Colour:
Gray-black to black. May tarnish to blue-black.
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
5.99
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in honour of Friedrich Ferdinand Hermann Klockmann (12 April 1858, Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany - 17 November 1937, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), mineralogist at the Technical University, Aachen, Germany.
He studied geology and mineralogy at the Bergakademie in Clausthal and at the University of Rostock, receiving his doctorate in 1881. Following graduation, he worked for the Prussian Geological Survey, based in Berlin. From 1887 he taught classes in mineralogy and geology at the academy in Clausthal, and in 1892 attained the title of professor. From 1899 he worked as a professor at the technical university in Aachen, where in 1917/18 he served as academic rector.
He was the author of a well-received textbook on mineralogy, "Lehrbuch der Mineralogie", that was published over numerous editions. From the 11th edition (1936) onward, publication of the textbook was continued by Paul Ramdohr. The mineral klockmannite commemorates his name, as does "Klockmannfjellet", a mountain (939m) located in the central part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen.
He studied geology and mineralogy at the Bergakademie in Clausthal and at the University of Rostock, receiving his doctorate in 1881. Following graduation, he worked for the Prussian Geological Survey, based in Berlin. From 1887 he taught classes in mineralogy and geology at the academy in Clausthal, and in 1892 attained the title of professor. From 1899 he worked as a professor at the technical university in Aachen, where in 1917/18 he served as academic rector.
He was the author of a well-received textbook on mineralogy, "Lehrbuch der Mineralogie", that was published over numerous editions. From the 11th edition (1936) onward, publication of the textbook was continued by Paul Ramdohr. The mineral klockmannite commemorates his name, as does "Klockmannfjellet", a mountain (939m) located in the central part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen.
The Se analogue of covellite. The Cu analogue of achávalite, freboldite, and sederholmite.
Three structural modifications are analyzed by Milman (2002). Unstable under compression (will decompose to umangite and krut'aite).
Three structural modifications are analyzed by Milman (2002). Unstable under compression (will decompose to umangite and krut'aite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2226
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2226:8
IMA Classification of Klockmannite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu5.2Se6
First published:
1928
Classification of Klockmannite
2.CA.05b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
A : With Cu
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
A : With Cu
2.8.12.2
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.1.14
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Kl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Klockmannite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Gray-black to black. May tarnish to blue-black.
Comment:
Metallic luster when freshly exposed. May become dull.
Streak:
Gray to black
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{0001}
{0001}
Density:
5.99 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Klockmannite
Anisotropism:
Strong; brownish gray to gray-white
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 16.2% | 38.9% |
| 420nm | 16.6% | 40.2% |
| 440nm | 16.9% | 40.8% |
| 460nm | 17.0% | 40.6% |
| 480nm | 17.0% | 40.2% |
| 500nm | 17.0% | 39.6% |
| 520nm | 16.8% | 38.9% |
| 540nm | 16.4% | 38.0% |
| 560nm | 15.8% | 37.0% |
| 580nm | 15.0% | 36.0% |
| 600nm | 14.3% | 34.7% |
| 620nm | 13.9% | 33.6% |
| 640nm | 13.9% | 32.5% |
| 660nm | 14.5% | 31.5% |
| 680nm | 15.8% | 30.5% |
| 700nm | 17.7% | 29.9% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 40.8%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Klockmannite
Mindat Formula:
CuSe
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ag
Crystallography of Klockmannite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Setting:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.94 Å, c = 17.25 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.378
Unit Cell V:
231.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000066 | Klockmannite | Berry L G (1954) The crystal structure of covellite, CuS and klockmannite, CuSe American Mineralogist 39 504-509 |  | 1954 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.35 Å | (60) |
| 3.18 Å | (90) |
| 2.94 Å | (10) |
| 2.88 Å | (100) |
| 2.19 Å | (30) |
| 2.15 Å | (4) |
| 2.00 Å | (40) |
| 1.967 Å | (80) |
| 1.913 Å | (4) |
| 1.819 Å | (60) |
| 1.785 Å | (4) |
| 1.698 Å | (10) |
| 1.676 Å | (10) |
| 1.622 Å | (50) |
| 1.537 Å | (6) |
| 1.471 Å | (6) |
| 1.439 Å | (6) |
| 1.423 Å | (6) |
| 1.401 Å | (10) |
| 1.334 Å | (30) |
| 1.287 Å | (6) |
| 1.278 Å | (10) |
| 1.258 Å | (4) |
| 1.235 Å | (4) |
| 1.208 Å | (4) |
| 1.176 Å | (6) |
| 1.158 Å | (40) |
| 1.138 Å | (20) |
| 1.105 Å | (30) |
| 1.0855 Å | (6) |
| 1.0780 Å | (6) |
| 1.0550 Å | (10) |
| 0.9990 Å | (30) |
| 0.9840 Å | (10) |
| 0.9790 Å | (6) |
| 0.9460 Å | (30) |
| 0.9320 Å | (6) |
Comments:
ICDD 6-427
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Klockmannite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Klockmannite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 183 photos of Klockmannite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 122 photos of Klockmannite associated with Umangite | Cu3Se2 |
| 79 photos of Klockmannite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 69 photos of Klockmannite associated with Kruťaite | CuSe2 |
| 57 photos of Klockmannite associated with Eucairite | AgCuSe |
| 47 photos of Klockmannite associated with Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| 41 photos of Klockmannite associated with Eskebornite | CuFeSe2 |
| 35 photos of Klockmannite associated with Chlorite Group | |
| 33 photos of Klockmannite associated with Tyrrellite | Cu(Co,Ni)2Se4 |
| 31 photos of Klockmannite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CA.05d | Yarrowite | Cu9S8 |
| 2.CA.05a | Covellite | CuS |
| 2.CA.05c | Spionkopite | Cu39S28 |
| 2.CA.10 | Nukundamite | Cu3.33Fe0.66S4 |
| 2.CA.15 | Calvertite | Cu5Ge0.5S4 |
| 2.CA.20 | Erazoite | Cu4SnS6 |
| 2.CA.25 | Grokhovskyite | CuCrS2 |
Fluorescence of Klockmannite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Klockmannite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2226.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Klockmannite
Reference List:
Earle, J. W. (1949) Studies of natural and artificial selenides: I-Klockmannite, CuSe. American Mineralogist, 34 (5-6) 435-440
Earley, J. W. (1950) Description and synthesis of the selenide minerals. American Mineralogist, 35 (5-6) 337-364
Borchert, Werner; Patzak, Ingeborg (1954) Reaktionen im festen Zustand von Kupfer und Silber mit Selen. Heidelberger Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 4 (5). 434-442 doi:10.1007/bf01136987
Berry, L. G. (1954) The crystal structure of covellite, CuS, and klockmannite, CuSe. American Mineralogist, 39 (5-6) 504-509
Bernardini, G.P., Catani, A. (1968) The Cu-Se system. Mineralium Deposita, 3 (4). 375-380 doi:10.1007/bf00207529
Heyding, Robert Donald; Murray, Ritchie MacLaren (1976) The crystal structures of Cu1.8Se, Cu3Se2, α- and γ-CuSe, CuSe2, and CuSe2II. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 54 (6). 841-848 doi:10.1139/v76-122
Localities for Klockmannite
Showing 84 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Zappettini et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) | |
| Zappettini et al. (2014) |
| Zappettini et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Simon et al. (1997) |
| Grundmann et al. (2018) | |
| de Brodtkorb et al. (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Milka K. de BRODTKORB and Sabrina CROSTA (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Ramdohr (1928) +3 other references |
| Milka K. de BRODTKORB and Sabrina CROSTA (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +3 other references | |
| Ramdohr (1928) +2 other references | |
| de Brodtkorb +3 other references | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +2 other references |
| Ahlfeld Friedrich and Angelelll ... +2 other references |
Australia | |
| Segnit +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Bolivia | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1990) +2 other references |
Brazil | |
| Berni et al. (2016) |
Canada | |
| Sparkes et al. (2016) |
| Richard Gunter Collection. |
| Mandarino (1965) |
| Kidd Operations |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Harris et al. (1971) +1 other reference |
| Traill (1952) | |
| ROBINSON et al. (1952) |
| Tremblay (1978) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
Chile | |
| Picot et al. (1982) |
China | |
| Caixia Feng et al. (2002) +3 other references |
| Hu et al. (2025) |
| Jiayong Pan et al. (2009) |
| Zhi Li et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Škácha et al. (2017) |
| Kopecký et al. (2010) |
| Sejkora et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2024) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Kvaček (1979) +1 other reference |
| Kvaček (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Vavřín (1994) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Kvaček (1979) | |
DR Congo | |
| Simon et al. (1997) |
Finland | |
| en.gtk.fi (2010) |
France | |
| Agrinier et al. (1967) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Simon et al. (1997) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| DILL et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Kopp et al. (2012) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Cabral et al. (2018) |
| Koch et al. (2018) |
| Heider (2014) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schaarschmidt (2007) +1 other reference |
| Tischendorf (1969) +1 other reference |
| Forster et al. (2004) |
| Forster et al. (2004) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Lobanov et al. (2012) |
Kenya | |
| Waweru (2020) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Pringle et al. (1980) +3 other references |
| Galuskin et al. (2003) |
Romania | |
| Popescu et al. (2010) |
Russia | |
| Distler et al. (2005) |
| Kalinin (2021) |
| Кокорин et al. (2000) |
| Safonov et al. (2003) |
Sweden | |
| Simon et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Turkey | |
| Çil et al. (2026) |
UK | |
| Stanley et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Zambia | |
| Southwood et al. (2019) |
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Bukov Mine, Rožná deposit, Rožná, Žďár nad Sázavou District, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic