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Franckeite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Franckeite

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite, etc.

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite, etc.

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Franckeite, etc.

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

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About FranckeiteHide

Formula:

Fe²⁺(Pb,Sn²⁺)₆Sn⁴⁺₂Sb₂S₁₄

Colour:

Grey-black, black; iridescent at times

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½ - 3

Specific Gravity:

5.90

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Franckeite Group

Name:

Named in honor of brothers Johann Heinrich Karl (Carl) Francke (1832–1907) and Ernst Otto Francke (16 April 1838, Kassel, Germany - 18 May 1913, Kissingen, Germany), mining engineers, for the promotion of the mineralogy, geology and paleontology of the Bolivian highlands. They supplied the first specimens for study.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Chocaya mine, Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district), Atocha Municipality, Sud Chichas Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Forms a homologous pair with cylindrite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1592

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1592:5

IMA Classification of FranckeiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺_21.7Sn⁴⁺_9.3(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)_4.0Sb³⁺_8.1S^2-_56.9

First published:

1893

Type description reference:

Stelzner, A.W. (1893) Ueber Franckeit, ein neues Erz aus Bolivia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: 1893: 114-124.

Classification of FranckeiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.HF.25b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
F : With SnS and PbS archetype structure units

Dana 8th ed.:

3.1.4.2

3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

6.1.18

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Fke	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Fr	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of FranckeiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Grey-black, black; iridescent at times

Streak:

Grayish black

Hardness:

2½ - 3 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

Perfect
{010} perfect.

Comment:

Flexible, inelastic

Density:

5.90(2) g/cm³ (Measured) 5.88 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of FranckeiteHide

Anisotropism:

Weak

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	38.2-39.4%
420nm	37.9-39.2%
440nm	37.6-39.0%
460nm	37.3-38.7%
480nm	36.9-38.5%
500nm	36.6-38.2%
520nm	36.2-37.9%
540nm	35.8-37.6%
560nm	35.4-37.3%
580nm	35.0-36.9%
600nm	34.6-36.5%
620nm	34.2-36.1%
640nm	33.8-35.7%
660nm	33.4-35.3%
680nm	33.0-34.9%
700nm	32.6-34.5%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 38.2-39.4%.

Colour in reflected light:

Gray-white

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Very weak.

Chemistry of FranckeiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Fe²⁺(Pb,Sn²⁺)₆Sn⁴⁺₂Sb₂S₁₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	55.777 %
S	20.141 %
Sb	10.926 %
Sn	10.652 %
Fe	2.506 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, Pb, S, Sb, Sn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Zn,Ag,Ge,In

Crystallography of FranckeiteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 46.9 Å, b = 5.82 Å, c = 17.3 Å
α = 90°, β = 94.66°, γ = 90°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 8.058 : 1 : 2.973

Unit Cell V:

4,706.56 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Thin tabular {010}, elongated [100]; {010} striated [001], and less markedly [100]. Usually massive, radial, or foliated; often in spherical, rosette-like or cauliform aggregates of thin plates. Crystals often warped or bent.

Twinning:

Complex.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018603	Franckeite	Makovicky E, Petricek V, Dusek M, Topa D (2011) The crystal structure of franckeite, Pb21.7Sn9.3Fe4.0Sb8.1S56.9 American Mineralogist 96 1686-1702		2011	San Jose, Bolivia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Franckeite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Makovicky E'
'Petricek V'
'Dusek M'
'Topa D'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 96 
_journal_year 2011
_journal_page_first 1686
_journal_page_last 1702
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of franckeite, Pb21.7Sn9.3Fe4.0Sb8.1S56.9
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018603
_chemical_compound_source 'San Jose, Bolivia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Sn2.56 Fe.43 S6 Pb2.01'
_cell_length_a 5.805
_cell_length_b 5.856
_cell_length_c 17.338
_cell_angle_alpha 94.97
_cell_angle_beta 88.45
_cell_angle_gamma 89.94
_cell_volume 586.955
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.300
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Sn1   0.25000   0.25000   0.00000   0.57000   0.02590
Fe1   0.25000   0.25000   0.00000   0.43000   0.02590
S1   0.28820   0.60700   0.08270   1.00000   0.04680
Pb2   0.63901   0.97083  -0.23153   0.74000   0.03530
Sn2   0.63901   0.97083  -0.23153   0.26000   0.03530
Pb3   0.17797   0.95073  -0.41250   0.26500   0.03530
Sn3   0.17797   0.95073  -0.41250   0.73500   0.03530
S2   0.14350   0.96530  -0.26600   1.00000   0.03540
S3   0.13490   0.42390  -0.40400   1.00000   0.05560
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Sn1 0.03570 0.00820 0.03440 0.00040 0.00820 0.00050
Fe1 0.03570 0.00820 0.03440 0.00040 0.00820 0.00050
S1 0.09000 0.01560 0.03500 0.00100 0.00600 0.00070
Pb2 0.02690 0.03010 0.04840 -0.00080 0.00000 0.00100
Sn2 0.02690 0.03010 0.04840 -0.00080 0.00000 0.00100
Pb3 0.03000 0.03140 0.04430 0.00770 0.00570 0.00510
Sn3 0.03000 0.03140 0.04430 0.00770 0.00570 0.00510
S2 0.02070 0.02360 0.06100 0.00280 0.00430 0.00250
S3 0.05800 0.07400 0.03300 -0.02800 0.00470 -0.00500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.44 Å	(100)
2.91 Å	(100)
2.86 Å	(100)
2.82 Å	(100)
2.05 Å	(75)
4.30 Å	(50)
3.11 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Geological Setting:

Limestone contact metamorphic rocks

Type Occurrence of FranckeiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Chocaya mine, Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district), Atocha Municipality, Sud Chichas Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hydrothermal Ag-Sn deposits

Reference:

Stelzner, A.W. (1893) Ueber Franckeit, ein neues Erz aus Bolivia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: 1893: 114-124.

Synonyms of FranckeiteHide

Ilijteria

Llicteria

Other Language Names for FranckeiteHide

Dutch:Franckeiet

German:Franckeit

Simplified Chinese:辉锑锡铅矿

Varieties of FranckeiteHide

Incaite	A Sn(II)-rich variety of franckeite. See also potosíite. Originally described from Santa Cruz Mine, Poopó town, Poopó Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia.
Potosíite	A Sn(II)-poor variety of franckeite originally thought to be a separate species. See also incaite. Originally reported from Andacaba deposit, Linares Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia.

Relationship of Franckeite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Franckeite Group

Other Members of Franckeite Group:

Coiraite	(Pb,Sn)_12.5Sn₅FeAs₃S₂₈	Mon.
Ramosite	Pb_25.7Sn_8.3Mn_3.4Sb_6.4S_56.2	Mon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

262 photos of Franckeite associated with 'Potosíite'	Pb₆Sn₃FeSb₃S₁₆
88 photos of Franckeite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
58 photos of Franckeite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
45 photos of Franckeite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
31 photos of Franckeite associated with Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂
27 photos of Franckeite associated with Jamesonite	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄
27 photos of Franckeite associated with Galena	PbS
23 photos of Franckeite associated with Cylindrite	Pb₃Sn₄FeSb₂S₁₄
20 photos of Franckeite associated with Vauxite	Fe²⁺Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
18 photos of Franckeite associated with Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.HF.	Ramosite	Pb_25.7Sn_8.3Mn_3.4Sb_6.4S_56.2	Mon.
2.HF.20	Vrbaite	Hg₃Tl₄As₈Sb₂S₂₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
2.HF.25a	Merelaniite	Mo₄Pb₄VSbS₁₅	Tric. 1
2.HF.25a	Abramovite	Pb₂SnInBiS₇	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HF.25a	Lévyclaudite	Pb₈Sn₇Cu₃(Bi,Sb)₃S₂₈	Tric. 1
2.HF.25a	Cylindrite	Pb₃Sn₄FeSb₂S₁₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HF.25b	'Potosíite'	Pb₆Sn₃FeSb₃S₁₆	Tric.
2.HF.25b	Coiraite	(Pb,Sn)_12.5Sn₅FeAs₃S₂₈	Mon.
2.HF.25b v	'Plumbostannite'	Pb₂Fe₂Sn₂Sb₂S₁₁
2.HF.30	Lengenbachite	Ag₄Cu₂Pb₁₈As₁₂S₃₉	Tric.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for FranckeiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1592.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

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Look for Franckeite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Franckeite on Webmineral

Look for Franckeite on Wikipedia

Look for Franckeite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for FranckeiteHide

Reference List:

Stelzner, A.W. (1893) Ueber Franckeit, ein neues Erz aus Bolivia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: 1893: 114-124.

Breithaupt In: Hintze (1904): 1(1): 1198.

Prior, G. T. (1904) On Teallite, a new sulphostannite of lead from Bolivia ; and its relations to Franckeite and Cylindrite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 14 (63) 21-27 doi:10.1180/minmag.1904.014.63.06

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.448-450

Nuffield, E.W. (1948) Frankeite in relation to lengenbachite. American Mineralogist, Abstracts 28th Annual Meeting Mineralogical Society of America: 33: 185-185.

Coulon, M., Heitz, F., Le Bihan, Marie-Thérèse (1961) Contribution à l'étude structurale d'un sulfure de plomb, d'antimoine et d'étain : la Frankeite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 84 (4) 350-353 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1961.5513

Liese, H.C. (1974) Infrared Absorption (435 to 250 cm−1) and Ultraviolet Emission Analyses of Selected Sulfides and Sulfosalts: A Correlative Study. Applied Spectroscopy: 28(2): 135-139

Williams, T. B., Hyde, B. G. (1988) Electron microscopy of cylindrite and franckeite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 15 (6) 521-544 doi:10.1007/bf00311023

Jiuling, L., Moh, G.H., Wang, N. (1988) Franckeite: Mineralogical Aspects and Genetic Relations to the Dachang and Bolivian Ore Deposits. 406-410 in: C.S. Hutchison (ed.), Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, Springer, 718 pp.

Wang, S., Kuo, K. H. (1991) Crystal lattices and crystal chemistry of cylindrite and franckeite. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 47 (4). 381-392 doi:10.1107/s0108767390009242

Mottana, A., Fiori, S., Parodi, G.C. (1992) Improved X-ray powder diffraction data for franckeite. Powder Diffraction: 7: 112–114.

Wang, S., Buseck, P.R., Liu, J. (1995) High-angle annular dark-field microscopy of franckeite. American Mineralogist: 80: 1174-1178.

Henriksen, R.B., Makovicky, E., Stipp, S.L.S., Nissen, C., Eggleston, C.M. (2002) Atomic-scale observations of franckeite surface morphology. American Mineralogist: 87: 1273-1278.

Makovicky, Emil, Petříček, Václav, Dušek, Michal, Topa, Dan (2009) The misfit layer structure of franckeite. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 65. doi:10.1107/s0108767309096299

Makovicky, Emil; Petříček, Václav; Dušek, Michal; Topa, Dan (2010) 2D noncommensurate modulated misfit layer structures of franckeite and cylindrite. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 66 (a1). s62 doi:10.1107/s0108767310098673

Makovicky, E.; Petricek, V.; Dusek, M.; Topa, D. (2011) The crystal structure of franckeite, Pb_21.7Sn_9.3Fe_4.0Sb_8.1S_56.9. American Mineralogist, 96 (11-12). 1686-1702 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3814

(2021) Franckeite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Zschiesche, H., Aygar, A.M., Langelier, B., Szkopek, T., Botton, G.A. (2022): Atomic scale chemical ordering in franckeite - A natural van der Waals superlattice. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter: 34: 055403.

Localities for FranckeiteHide

Showing 81 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Pirquitas Mine	Silver Standard Resources Inc
San Miguel Open pit ⓘ Oploca Vein System	[var: Incaite, var: Potosíite] Paar et al. (2000) +1 other reference
ⓘ Veta Norte vein	Paar (2013)

Australia
New South Wales King Co. Rye Park ⓘ Wallah Wallah Silver Mine (Wallah Wallah Mine)	McQueen (1988) +1 other reference
Tasmania Waratah-Wynyard municipality Waratah district Waratah-Mt Bischoff ⓘ Mount Bischoff Mine	Bottrill (2018) +1 other reference
ⓘ Slaughteryard face	R Bottrill & A Tuma collections +1 other reference
West Coast municipality Zeehan mining district North Dundas ⓘ Renison Bell Mine	STILLWELL +1 other reference

Bolivia
Cochabamba Arque Province Cerro Grande District ⓘ Cerro Grande Mine	Federico Ahlfeld y Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
La Paz Inquisivi Province Colquiri ⓘ Colquiri mine	Sugaki et al. (1988)
Oruro Cercado Province Oruro ⓘ Itos Mine	Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ San José Mine	[var: Potosíite] Wilson (2001) +3 other references
Pantaleón Dalence Province Huanuni ⓘ Huanuni mine	Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Maria Francisca Mine	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ Porvenir mine	Dana 7:I:440 +2 other references
ⓘ Santa Fé mining district	[var: Potosíite] Franco (2018)
ⓘ Japo Mine (Negro Pabellón Mine)	[var: Potosíite] Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Morococala Mine	[var: Potosíite] Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	[var: Potosíite] Salomon Rivas And Federico Ahlfeld (1998) +1 other reference
Poopó Province Monserrat-Antequera mining district ⓘ Ichocollo Mine (Monserrat Mine)	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) +1 other reference
ⓘ Poopó	[var: Incaite] Wilson (2001) +2 other references
Callapampa ⓘ Trinacria Mine	Dana 7:I:449
ⓘ San Francisco Mine	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
ⓘ Santa Cruz Mine	[var: Incaite] Wilson (2001)
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province Uyuni Municipality ⓘ Carguaicollo Mine	Turneaure et al. (1945) +1 other reference
ⓘ Silver veins	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
Chayanta Province Colquechaca Municipality ⓘ Colquechaca	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Descubridora Mine	Dana 7:I:449.
José María Linares Province ⓘ Andacaba deposit (Andacaba mine)	[var: Potosíite] Sugaki et al. (1988)
Rafael Bustillo Province Llallagua ⓘ Dolores Atrás adit	Petrov (n.d.)
ⓘ Siglo Veinte Mine	[var: Potosíite] Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vila Apacheta	Cook (1977)
Sud Chichas Province Atocha Municipality ⓘ Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district)	Cazorla Martínez et al. (2019)
ⓘ Ánimas Mine	Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Chocaya mine (TL)	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Oploca mine	Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
ⓘ Siete Suyos mine	Torró et al. (2019)
San Vicente mining district ⓘ Asunta Mine	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
ⓘ Vetillas Mine	Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tatasí	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ Portugalete mines	Federico Ahlfeld y Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
Sud Lípez Province San Pablo de Lípez Santa Isabel district ⓘ Santa Isabel Mine (Candelaria Mine)	Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975)
Tomás Frías Province Potosí (Potosí Municipality) ⓘ Cerro de Potosí (Cerro Rico)	Smith et al. (2001)

Canada
British Columbia Liard Mining Division Turnagain River area ⓘ Herb Claim	[var: Potosíite] Kissin et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Coal River	Evans (1957)

China
Guangxi Guigang Guiping Co. ⓘ Fenghuangling Zn-polymetallic deposit	Guangxiang Cheng (1984)
Hechi Nandan County ⓘ Bali Sn-polymetallic deposit	Guangxiang Cheng (1984)
ⓘ Longtoushan Sn deposit (Gaofeng Mine)	Guangxiang Cheng (1984)
ⓘ Tongkeng-Changpo Mine	Guangxiang Cheng (1984) +2 other references
Yunnan Honghe Mengzi City ⓘ Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic deposit	[var: Incaite] Xinpei Jiang (1994)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Issoire Anzat-le-Luguet ⓘ Vens-Haut	Picot et al. (1982)
Brittany Finistère Châteaulin Poullaouen Locmaria-Berrien ⓘ Poullaba vein	Pierrot et al. (1973)

Greece
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros Alexandroupoli ⓘ Agios Philippos Mine	Moëlo et al. (1985)

Ireland
Leinster Meath County Navan (An Uaimh) ⓘ Navan Mine (Tara Mine)	Ryback et al. (1988)

Japan
Oita Prefecture Bungo-Ono City ⓘ Hoei mine (Hooei mine; Houei mine)	[var: Incaite, var: Potosíite] Uehara et al. (2014)

Kazakhstan
Turkistan Region Sozak District ⓘ Kelenchiktau deposit	Ваулин (2016)
ⓘ Zholbarsty deposit	Ваулин (2016)

Kyrgyzstan
Talas Region Talas Silver District Kurgan ore cluster ⓘ Kurgan Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)

Russia
Primorsky Krai ⓘ Sinancha Sn deposit	Dobrovol’skaya et al. (2008)
Sakha Oymyakonsky District Sarychev Range ⓘ Kupol'noe Ag–Sn deposit	Gamyanin G.N. et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Verkhoyansk Fold Belt Verkhoyansk Silver Province Deputatsky ore cluster ⓘ Bulat Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Burevestnik Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Inary Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
Southern Verkhoyansk District ⓘ Menkechenskoe Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)

USA
California Inyo County Darwin Hills Darwin Mining District Darwin Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine) ⓘ Thompson Mine	Hall (1958) +3 other references
ⓘ Darwin Mines (Darwin group; Defiance; Driver; Independence; Lane; Liberty; Lucky Jim; Southwest and Thompson; Bernon; Rip Van Winkle; Mexicanus Colorado Inc.)	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Santa Cruz County Santa Cruz ⓘ Pacific Cement and Aggregate Company quarry	Gross (1964) +4 other references

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