Cylindrite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cylindrite
Formula:
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14
Colour:
Grey-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
5.43 - 5.49
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek κύλιυδροσ, a roll, in allusion to the typical cylindrical habit of the mineral.
Type Locality:
Cylindrite Group.
There is a relation between the cylindrical morphology and crystal structure. The latter is composite and characterizes in incommensurate modulations. There are two types of sheets, a pseudohexagonal one and a pseudotetragonal one, both with distinct lattice parameters. A cylindrite crystal's core has a different structure than its outer zone: the b and c axes of the two sheets are nearly parallel, but the farther from the core, the clearer sheet rotation is observed. Layer curving is one of the ways a cylindrite crystal can accommodate the dimensional sheet misfit in its structure.
There is a relation between the cylindrical morphology and crystal structure. The latter is composite and characterizes in incommensurate modulations. There are two types of sheets, a pseudohexagonal one and a pseudotetragonal one, both with distinct lattice parameters. A cylindrite crystal's core has a different structure than its outer zone: the b and c axes of the two sheets are nearly parallel, but the farther from the core, the clearer sheet rotation is observed. Layer curving is one of the ways a cylindrite crystal can accommodate the dimensional sheet misfit in its structure.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1204
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1204:7
IMA Classification of Cylindrite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
FePb3Sn4Sb2S14
First published:
1893
Classification of Cylindrite
2.HF.25a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
F : With SnS and PbS archetype structure units
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
F : With SnS and PbS archetype structure units
3.1.4.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4
6.1.20
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cy | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Cy | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Cylindrite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey-black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=54 - 93 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Malleable
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100}
On {100}
Density:
5.43 - 5.49 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.443 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cylindrite
Anisotropism:
Distinct, gray to pale yellowish or brownish gray
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 34.5% | 40.3% |
| 440nm | 34.1% | 40.1% |
| 480nm | 33.1% | 39.4% |
| 520nm | 31.8% | 38.3% |
| 560nm | 30.7% | 37.2% |
| 600nm | 29.9% | 36.3% |
| 640nm | 29.3% | 35.5% |
| 680nm | 28.6% | 34.7% |
| 700nm | 28.4% | 34.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 40.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Galena-white
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Extremely weak: Parallel to elongation gray-white, perpendicular to the elongation, darker gray-white. Stronger in oil.
Chemistry of Cylindrite
Mindat Formula:
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Ag
Crystallography of Cylindrite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Morphology:
Massive. Cylindrical forms separating under pressure into smooth, concentric shells. Spherically-grouped aggregates.
Comment:
Space Group: Two subcells are recognized, both P1 : the first (pseudotetragonal) has a = 11.733(5) b = 5.790(8) c = 5.810(5) α = 90.00(0.20)◦ β = 92.38(0.20)◦ γ = 93.87(0.20)◦ Z = 2 and the second (pseudohexagonal) has a = 11.709(5) b = 3.670(8) c = 6.320(5) α = 90.00(0.20)◦ β = 92.58(0.20)◦ γ = 90.85(0.20)◦ Z=2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.85 Å | (100) |
| 2.885 Å | (100) |
| 3.9 Å | (90) |
| 3.06 Å | (65) |
| 2.849 Å | (65) |
| 2.044 Å | (65) |
| 2.026 Å | (65) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Tin bearing hydrothermal veins
Type Occurrence of Cylindrite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals formed of shells of cylindrical layers.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 84255.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 84255.
Synonyms of Cylindrite
Other Language Names for Cylindrite
Relationship of Cylindrite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Cylindrite Group:
| Abramovite | Pb2SnInBiS7 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Lévyclaudite | Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 | Tric. 1 |
| Merelaniite | Mo4Pb4VSbS15 | Tric. 1 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 42 photos of Cylindrite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 39 photos of Cylindrite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 30 photos of Cylindrite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 23 photos of Cylindrite associated with Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
| 16 photos of Cylindrite associated with Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| 9 photos of Cylindrite associated with Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| 9 photos of Cylindrite associated with 'Incaite' | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 |
| 3 photos of Cylindrite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 1 photo of Cylindrite associated with 'Potosíite' | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 |
| 1 photo of Cylindrite associated with Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HF. | Ramosite | Pb25.7Sn8.3Mn3.4Sb6.4S56.2 |
| 2.HF.20 | Vrbaite | Hg3Tl4As8Sb2S20 |
| 2.HF.25b | Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
| 2.HF.25a | Merelaniite | Mo4Pb4VSbS15 |
| 2.HF.25a | Abramovite | Pb2SnInBiS7 |
| 2.HF.25a | Lévyclaudite | Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 |
| 2.HF.25b | 'Potosíite' | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 |
| 2.HF.25b | Coiraite | (Pb,Sn)12.5Sn5FeAs3S28 |
| 2.HF.25b v | 'Plumbostannite' | Pb2Fe2Sn2Sb2S11 |
| 2.HF.30 | Lengenbachite | Ag4Cu2Pb18As12S39 |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cylindrite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1204.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Cylindrite
Reference List:
Frenzel, A. (1893) Ueber den kylindrit. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie: 2: 125-128.(as Kylindrit)
Prior, G. T. (1904) On Teallite, a new sulphostannite of lead from Bolivia ; and its relations to Franckeite and Cylindrite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 14 (63) 21-27 doi:10.1180/minmag.1904.014.63.06
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Makovicky, Emil (1974) Mineralogical data on cylindrite and incaite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1974 (6). 235-256 doi:10.1127/njmm/1974/1974/235
Sachdev, S. C., Chang, L. L. Y. (1975) Phase relations in the system tin-antimony-lead sulfides and the synthesis of cylindrite and franckeite. Economic Geology, 70 (6) 1111-1122 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.70.6.1111
Williams, T. B., Hyde, B. G. (1988) Electron microscopy of cylindrite and franckeite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 15 (6) 521-544 doi:10.1007/bf00311023
Wang, S., Kuo, K. H. (1991) Crystal lattices and crystal chemistry of cylindrite and franckeite. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 47 (4). 381-392 doi:10.1107/s0108767390009242
Wang, Su, Buseck, Peter R. (1992) Cylindrite: The relation between its cylindrical shape and modulated structure. American Mineralogist, 77 (7-8) 758-764
Salyer, P. A., ter Haar, L. W. (1997) Magnetic properties of the mineral, cylindrite (FePb3Sn4Sb2S14). Journal of Applied Physics, 81 (8). 5163-5165 doi:10.1063/1.365157
Salyer, Pamela A., ter Haar, Leonard W. (2000) Single-crystal magnetic studies of cylindrite (FePb3Sn4Sb2S14). Journal of Applied Physics, 87 (9). 6025-6027 doi:10.1063/1.372601
Localities for Cylindrite
Showing 27 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Poopó, Poopó Province, Oruro, Bolivia