Vote for your favorite mineral in #MinCup26! - Sphalerite vs. Anorthite
Both zinc ore Sphalerite and calcium plagioclase feldspar Anorthite have perfect cleavage that will split cleanly if you hit them with a hammer, but only one can claim a larger split of your votes!
Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic TimeExplore Fossils
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral QuizTime Machine
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Barrier Volcano, Turkana County, Kenyai
Regional Level Types
Barrier VolcanoVolcano
Turkana CountyCounty
KenyaCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
2° 19' 59'' North , 36° 37' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
2.33333,36.61667
GeoHash:
G#: sb6j30z2w
GRN:
N02E26
Type:
Volcano
Age:
1.37 to 0.00189 Ma
Geologic Time:
Quaternary
Dating method:
Ar-Ar
Reference for age:
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
Köppen climate type:
As : Tropical dry savanna climate
Mindat Locality ID:
406774
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:406774:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Volcano forms E-W-trending ridge 20 km long and 15 km wide. It stands at the southern end of Lake Turkana and is named because it separates the lake from the Suguta valley, the site of a former lake to the south.

Barrier is a composite structure of 4 distinct volcanic centres which from west to east are: Kalolenyang, Kakorinya, Likaiu West and Likaiu East.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


7 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Aenigmatite
Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘAenigmatite9.DH.40Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Anorthoclase9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
ClChlorine
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African Plate
Kenya
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Smith, W. C. (1938). Petrographic description of volcanic rocks from Turkana, Kenya Colony, with notes on their field occurrence from the manuscript of Mr. AM Champion. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 94(1-4), 507-554. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1938.094.01-04.18
Dodson, R. G. (1963) Geology of the South Horr Area. Report 60. Geological Survey of Kenyap.53
Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1971). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: II. The lavas of north island, south island and the Barrier. Lithos, 4(3), 305-323. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(71)90009-0
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley.
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.106
Quick NavTopMineral ListRock TypesOther RegionsReferences
 
and/or  
Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: September 3, 2026 00:50:07 Page updated: August 18, 2025 04:02:21
Go to top of page