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Mount Suswa (Suswa Volcano), Kajiado County, Kenyai
Regional Level Types
Mount Suswa (Suswa Volcano)Volcano
Kajiado CountyCounty
KenyaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
00944660017272061857015.jpg
Mount Suswa shield and caldera wall, northern approach

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
03493840017272061852146.jpg
Mount Suswa, post caldera pyroclastics and lavas

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
07138130017272061856522.jpg
Phonolite

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
00944660017272061857015.jpg
Mount Suswa shield and caldera wall, northern approach

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
03493840017272061852146.jpg
Mount Suswa, post caldera pyroclastics and lavas

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
07138130017272061856522.jpg
Phonolite

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
00944660017272061857015.jpg
Mount Suswa shield and caldera wall, northern approach

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
03493840017272061852146.jpg
Mount Suswa, post caldera pyroclastics and lavas

Mount Suswa, Kajiado County, Kenya
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
1° 6' 54'' South , 36° 21' 25'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-1.11510,36.35700
GeoHash:
G#: kzccem425
GRN:
S01E26
Type:
Volcano
Age:
0.24 ± 0.01 to 0.10 ± 0.01 Ma
Geologic Time:
Pleistocene
Dating method:
K-Ar
Reference for age:
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Köppen climate type:
Aw : Tropical savanna, wet
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Kijabe4,679 (2018)31.3km
Limuru6,317 (2018)31.7km
Kikuyu3,953 (2018)37.0km
Ngong9,519 (2018)43.7km
Naivasha38,366 (2018)45.4km
Mindat Locality ID:
31301
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:31301:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Located in the centre of the Rift Valley, approximately 90 km North of Nairobi. Mount Suswa is a large (>700 km2) trachytic shield volcano with two nested summit calderas that erupted peralkaline trachyte and phonolite lavas and tuffs from approximately 240 to <10 ka.

A Halocene shield volcano that is 2,356 meters (7,730 feet) high. It is the southernmost caldera of the Kenya rift system. Several eruptions have created a variety of interesting features. The latest eruptions may be as recent as the early 1900s. The outer crater is approximately 10km in diameter and is breached on its south and east sides where lava flows poured down the slopes. Many of the less viscous pahoehoe flows are honeycombed with caves.

Guano was mined in lava tubes (lava caves).

An inner crater is 4-5 kms in diameter and contains a raft-like structure (tilted island block of caldera floor lava flows) surrounded by a deep "moat".

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

29 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aenigmatite
Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
White, John Charles, Espejel-Garcı́a, Vanessa V, Anthony, Elizabeth Y, Omenda, Peter A (2012) Petrogenesis of the Suswa volcano, Kenya. Proceedings of the 4th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Nairobi, Kenya, 2-14
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
White, John Charles, Espejel-Garcı́a, Vanessa V, Anthony, Elizabeth Y, Omenda, Peter A (2012) Petrogenesis of the Suswa volcano, Kenya. Proceedings of the 4th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Nairobi, Kenya, 2-14
ⓘ 'Alkali amphibole'
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
White, John Charles, Espejel-Garcı́a, Vanessa V, Anthony, Elizabeth Y, Omenda, Peter A (2012) Petrogenesis of the Suswa volcano, Kenya. Proceedings of the 4th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Nairobi, Kenya, 2-14
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Rocky Mountain (53rd) and South-Central (35th) Sections, GSA, Joint Annual Meeting (April 29–May 2, 2001) Session No. 7-Booth# 38.
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Brushite
Formula: Ca(PO3OH) · 2H2O
ⓘ Clinoferrosilite
Formula: Fe2+2Si2O6
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Cristobalite
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
White, John Charles, Espejel-Garcı́a, Vanessa V, Anthony, Elizabeth Y, Omenda, Peter A (2012) Petrogenesis of the Suswa volcano, Kenya. Proceedings of the 4th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Nairobi, Kenya, 2-14
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Ferrosilite
Formula: Fe2+2Si2O6
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ 'Glass'
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hannayite
Formula: (NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘ Kogarkoite
Formula: Na3(SO4)F
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Newberyite
Formula: Mg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
References:
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
ⓘ Taranakite
Formula: K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
ⓘ Thermonatrite
Formula: Na2CO3 · H2O
ⓘ Trona
Formula: Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘCristobalite4.DA.15SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘThermonatrite5.CB.05Na2CO3 · H2O
ⓘTrona5.CB.15Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘKogarkoite7.BD.15Na3(SO4)F
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘNewberyite8.CE.10Mg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
ⓘTaranakite8.CH.25K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
ⓘHannayite8.CH.35(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
ⓘBrushite8.CJ.50Ca(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘFerrosilite9.DA.05Fe2+2Si2O6
ⓘClinoferrosilite9.DA.10Fe2+2Si2O6
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘAenigmatite9.DH.40Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘAlbite
var. Anorthoclase		9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Alkali amphibole'-
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ BrushiteCa(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Hannayite(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hⓘ NewberyiteMg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
Hⓘ ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
Hⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
Cⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
NNitrogen
Nⓘ Hannayite(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BrushiteCa(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Oⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Oⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Oⓘ FerrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Hannayite(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ NewberyiteMg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
Oⓘ ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
Naⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Hannayite(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
Mgⓘ NewberyiteMg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Siⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Siⓘ FerrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ BrushiteCa(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Pⓘ Hannayite(NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O
Pⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pⓘ NewberyiteMg(PO3OH) · 3H2O
Pⓘ TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ BrushiteCa(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Feⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Feⓘ FerrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

Localities in this Region

Kenya
Kenya

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African Plate
Kenya
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

www.kilimanjaro.cc (n.d.) http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/eam/Mount-Suswa.htm.
Johnshon, R. W. (1969). Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265(1164), 383-412. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0061
NASH, W. P., CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., JOHNSON, R. W. (1969) The Mineralogy and Petrology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 10 (3) 409-439 doi:10.1093/petrology/10.3.409
Williams, L. A. J., Macdonald, R., & Chapman, G. R. (1984). Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B10), 8553-8570. doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08553
Baker, B. H., Mitchell, J. G., & Williams, L. A. J. (1988). Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong–Naivasha–Kinangop region, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(1), 107-116. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0107
Randel, R. P., & Johnson, R. W. (1991). Geology of the Suswa area (No. 97). Mines & Geological Department.
Macdonald, R., Kjarsgaard, B. A., Skilling, I. P., Davies, G. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Black, S. (1993). Liquid immiscibility between trachyte and carbonate in ash flow tuffs from Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114(2), 276-287. doi.org/10.1007/BF00307762
Skilling, I. P. (1993). Incremental caldera collapse of Suswa volcano, Gregory rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 885-896. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.5.0885
Simons, Jim (1998) Guano mining in Kenyan lava tunnel caves. International Journal of Speleology, 27 (1). 33-51 doi:10.5038/1827-806x.27.1.4
Scott, S. C., & Skilling, I. P. (1999). The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161(1), 47-67. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.133
www.volcano.si.edu (n.d.) http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0202-11=
[1]White, John Charles, Espejel-Garcı́a, Vanessa V, Anthony, Elizabeth Y, Omenda, Peter A (2012) Petrogenesis of the Suswa volcano, Kenya. Proceedings of the 4th African Rift Geothermal Conference. Nairobi, Kenya, 2-14
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