Smartt Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Smartt Mine | Mine |
| Joe Morolong Local Municipality | Municipality |
| John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality | District Municipality |
| Northern Cape | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
27° 18' 29'' South , 22° 57' 56'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Summary from Gutzmer and Beukes (2000):
Geological Setting:
The small abandoned Smartt open pit mine is located in the southeastern part of the giant Kalahari manganese field in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa where three beds of sedimentary manganese ore are intercalated with iron-formation of the Paleoproterozoic Hotazel Formation of the Transvaal Supergroup. Two major types of ore have been distinguished, namely weakly metamorphosed low-grade carbonate-rich Mamatwan-type ore (< 40 wt. % Mn) and hydrothermally upgraded oxide-rich Wessels-type ore (> 40 wt % Mn). Asbestiform todorokite and manjiroite occur in supergene altered Mamatwan-type ore at Smartt Mine. Similar but far less conspicuous occurrences of asbestiform Mn-oxyhydroxides have been noted at Hotazel Mine and Devon Mine.
At Smartt, Mamatwan-type ore of the lower manganese bed is considerably upgraded by supergene alteration below the unconformity at the base of the
Cenozoic Kalahari Formation. Unaltered Mamatwan-type ore is finely laminated and composed of microcrystalline braunite, hematite, kutnahorite and Mn-calcite with abundant small concretionary ovoids of Mn-bearing calcite. The supergene altered ore, in contrast, is composed of todorokite, manjiroite, pyrolusite, residual braunite and chalcedony. The altered ore grades downdip into unaltered Mamatwan-type ore.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Cryptomelane Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ Manjiroite Formula: Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 References: |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 References: |
| ✪ Todorokite Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O Description: Fibers to 15 cm. |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 4.DK.05a | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Manjiroite | 4.DK.05a | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manjiroite | Na(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AfricaContinent
- Kalahari DesertDesert
African PlateTectonic Plate
- Kalahari basinBasin
- Kalahari Craton
- Kaapvaal CratonCraton
South Africa
- Northern Cape
- John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
- Kalahari manganese fieldOre Field
- John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
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Smartt Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa