ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ (1885โ€“1958)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Mordecai Lipson

    ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ึพืขื‘ืจื™, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื•ืง, ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืžืดื”, 27 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1885. ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืœืžื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืจื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1903โ€“1912 ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืื ื˜ื•ื•ืจืคืŸ, ื•ืื– ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ึพืขืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ึพ1912 ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ืดื“ืขื“ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืคืขื ืขืจ ืœืฅืด (ืดื”ืœืฅ ืžืื ื˜ื•ื•ืจืคืŸืด), ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื›ืชื‘ึพื”ืขืช ืดื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจื‘ืด, ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”. ื‘ึพ1913 ื™ืฆื ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืฉื ืขืกืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื›ืชื‘ึพื”ืขืช ืดื”ืชื•ืจืŸืด, ืดื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืœืงืด, ืดืื—ื™ืขื‘ืจืด, ื•ืดื”ื“ื•ืืจืด. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1922โ€“1927 ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืœ ื‘ืดื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ึพืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ึพ1930 ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ืดื‘ื•ืกืชื ืื™ืด, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1938โ€“1944 โ€“ ืืช ื”ืขืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืดื”ืฆื•ืคื”ืด.
    ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“, ืกื™ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช, ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืขื. ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืžื–ื•ื’ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืžื™ึพื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืžืืžืจื™ื• ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ืœื”.
    ืžืกืคืจื™ื•: ืดืื ืฉื™ ืžื“ื•ืชืด, 5 ื›ืจื›ื™ื, ืชืจืคืดื–โ€“ืชืจืฆืดื“; ืดื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆืขืœื˜ืด (ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืกืคืจืด), ืชืจืคืดื—โ€“ืชืจืคืดื˜; ืดืžื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจืด, 3 ื›ืจื›ื™ื, 1928โ€“1929; ืดืืžืฉืœ ืœืš ืžืฉืœืด (1956). ืžืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื•: ืดื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืด, ืœืื ื” ื–ื’ืจืก; ืดื‘ื™ืช ืงืจื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ืด ืœื™. ื™. ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ; ืดืžื•ืจื™ืืด, ืดื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸืด, ื•ืดื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ืŸืด ืœืื•ืคื˜ื•ืฉื•; ืดื‘ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœืด ืœืจ. ืงื™ืคืœื™ื ื’, ืดืคืืŸืด ืœืงื ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“.
    ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื™ืดื—, 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1958.


ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ืชื“ื”ืจ, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd edition)

ืกืคืจื™ื•:
  • ืื ืฉื™ ืžื“ื•ืช : ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืจืคืดื–โ€“ืชืจืฆืดื“, 1927โ€“1934) <ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื>
  • ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ : ืžืขืฉื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืืš, ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ึพืฉื ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื“ืŸ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ืึธืจืง : ืคืึทืจืœืึทื’ ืดื“ื•ืจื•ืชืด, ืชืจืคืดื—โ€“ืชืจืคืดื˜, 1928) <ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื>
  • ืžื“ึนืจ ื“ึนืจ : ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ืืžืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืดื“ื•ืจื•ืชืด, 1929โ€“1938) <ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื>
  • ืžื•ืขื“ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืžื ื•ืช, 1945)
  • ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื : ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืดื“ื•ืจื•ืชืด, ืชืฉื™ืดื 1951)
  • ืคืจืงื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืชืฉืดื™โ€“ืชืฉื™ืดื’, 1950โ€“1953) <ืดื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸืด>
  • ืืžืฉื•ืœ ืœืš ืžืฉืœ : ืžืฉืœื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ื ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื˜ืดื– 1956)
ืชืจื’ื•ื:
  • ืžื•ืจื™ื / ื™. ืึธืคึทึผื˜ื•ึนืฉื•ึผ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืดื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืด, 1918)
  • ืคึผึทืŸ : ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื˜ื ื ื˜ ืชื•ืžืก ื’ืœืŸ / ืงื ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืŸ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืดืงื“ื™ืžื”ืด, ืชืจืขืดื˜ 1919)
  • ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ : ืจื•ืžืืŸ / ื™. ืึธืคึทึผื˜ื•ึนืฉื•ึผ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืชืจืคืดื 1921) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื . ื˜ื‘ืจืกืงื™ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืดื”>
  • ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ / ืื ื” ื–ื’ืจืก (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืดื”)
  • ื‘ื™ืช ืงืจื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ / ื™. ื™. ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืดื•)
  • ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ / ื™. ืึธื•ืคึทึผืื˜ื•ึนืฉื•ึผ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง : ืขื•ื’ืŸ, ืชืฉืดื– 1947)
  • ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ / ืžืืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ื–ื‘ืืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 1947)
  • ื‘ืขืจื‘ื” : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ืžืืช ื. ืจืื‘ื•ื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื‘ 1952)
  • ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ : ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื / ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืก (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืงืจืŸ ืœื•ืื™ืก ืœืžื“ ืœืกืคืจื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืช, ืชืฉื™ืดื’ 1953)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืขืœ ืดืžื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:
OpenLibrary โ€“ OL128197A Wikidata โ€“ Q6938030 NLI โ€“ 987007297103405171 LC โ€“ nr97008680 VIAF โ€“ 49131629
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 16 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ