ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคึถืŸ (1922ึพ1997)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Yehuda Offen

    ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืืœื˜ื•ื ื”, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื•' ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืจืค"ื‘, 4 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1922. ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืœ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’. ื‘-1938 ื”ื•ื’ืœื” ืขื ืืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื–ื‘ื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื’ืืœื™ ื‘-1939. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช "ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“" ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื ืขืŸ ืขื“ 1941. ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘"ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื‘ื ืง" ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœืงื” ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืขื“ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ.
     ืœืžื“ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
    ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘-1950 ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ. ืžืื– ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื. ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ืœืืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืขื ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื•ืŸ, ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘-1961 ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขืงื“. ืกืคืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืžืกืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžืžื ื”, ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘-1994. ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื—ื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื, ืžื”ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื: ืจื™ื— ื•ืžื’ืข, ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ืงื•ืœ.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ื ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืš ืงืกื˜ื ืจ (1965) ื•ืึนืกืคื™ ื ึดืฆื” (ืขื ืื™ื–ื™ื ืคืกื— ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืคืจื™) ืฉืœ ื–ืœืžื” ืžืจื‘ืื•ื-ืื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ (1983). ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื–ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื–ืžืจ ืืจื™ืก ืกืืŸ. ืฉื™ืจื• "ื ืขืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืฆืจ" ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
    ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื‘ื™"ื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื "ื–, 24 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1997.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืœืœื ืœืืŸ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉื›"ื) <ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื•ืŸ>
  • ื”ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืœ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉื›"ื’) <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื, ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื’ืจื>
  • ืœื ืื’ื“ืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ : ืžืกืข ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืชืฉื›"ื˜ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืขืงื“, 1969) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื˜ 1979)
  • ื ื•ืคื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืœ"ื˜ 1979)
  • ื ื‘ื™ืœืช ื•ืจื“ : ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืื—ืจืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืœ"ืฃ, ืชืฉืž"ื’ 1983)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื™ืฃ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื” 1984)
  • ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืž"ื• 1986) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืž"ื• 1986) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืกืงื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืขืฃ-ืชื•ืžืจ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื— 1988)
  • ืžื™ ืฉืคืขื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉ"ืŸ 1990)
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื˜ืžื˜ื•ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืฉื "ื’ 1992)
  • ืžืกืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžืžื ื” : ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื 1994 - ืชืฉื "ื“ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืฉื "ื“ 1994) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
ืชืจื’ื•ื:
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื” / ืžืืช ืืจื™ืš ืงืกื˜ื ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 1965) <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื•ืจ>
  • ืืกืคื™ ื ืฆื” : ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ื–ืœืžื” ืžืจื‘ืื•ื-ืื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ, ืชืจื’ืžื• ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื™ื–ื™ื ืคืกื—, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืคืจื™ <ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื> ืขืจื›ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื“ืคื•ืก - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืคืจื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื•ืคืจื˜ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื’ 1983)

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ "ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจ"
  • ืื‘ื™ืฉื™, ืžืจื“ื›ื™.  ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื, 6 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1980, ืขืž' 40.
  • ืงื•ืจื™ืื ืกืงื™, ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช.  ืœืžืขืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืคืชื—.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื "ื, ื’ืœ' 6 (ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืž"ื, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1980), ืขืž' 478ึพ479.
ืขืœ "ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื™ืฃ"
  • ืฆื™ืคืจ, ื‘ื ื™.  ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—' ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืž"ื”, 1 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1985, ืขืž' 19.
ืขืœ "ืžื™ ืฉืคืขื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘" ืขืœ "ืžืกืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžืžื ื” : ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื 1994 - ืชืฉื "ื“"
  • ื‘ืกืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘.  ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ: ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื• 'ืžืกืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžืžื ื”, ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื'.  ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™"ื— ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉื "ื”, 23 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1994, ืขืž' 18.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 17 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ