ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœืฆืจ (1909ึพ2000)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Shimshon Meltzer

ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœืฆืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื›"ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจืก"ื˜, 19 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1909 ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืกื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช (ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”). ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ืœืžื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืจ ืขื‘ืจื™-ืคื•ืœื ื™ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื (1926ึพ1931) ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื•ื“ื ืงื” (ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื”). ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื‘-1934. ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืž-1937 ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช 'ื“ื‘ืจ' ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืกื’ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืขื•ืจืš. ื‘-1946 ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื-ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1948ึพ1953 ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืขื•ืจืš 'ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื'. ืž-1954 ืขืกืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช (ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช" ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืขื•ืจืš ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘"ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช", ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช). ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื“ืคืกืชื• ื‘-1930 ื‘ืœื‘ื•ื‘, ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ื‘"ื”ืกื•ืœืœ") ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ("ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช") ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "ืื•ืจื—ื”". ืžืื– ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืคืจืกื ื‘"ื“ื‘ืจ", "ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื", "ื›ื ืกืช", "ื’ื–ื™ืช" ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™-ืขืช ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจื”, ืขืกืง ืžืœืฆืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืœื ื™ืช ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืจื’ื ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื™ืึถืกื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืง, ืงืื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืœื•ื“ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืคื•ืืžื” "ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื" ืœื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืœืจืจ. ื•ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื” - "ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืขืฉื•ืช" ืœื . ื’ืจื•ืก. ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ (ืฉื˜ื•ืง) ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื "ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื™ืื ื•ืฉ ืงื•ืจืฆ'ืืง ื•"ื–ืžืจ ืขื" - ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืžืžื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ืžืœืฆืจ ืขืจืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™"ืœ ืคืจืฅ ื•ืชื™ืจื’ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืคืจืฅ, ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœืฆืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉ"ืก, 27 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2000.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ืชื“ื”ืจ, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืชืจื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืจืฆ"ื˜)
  • ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื–ืžืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืงื•ืžื™ืกืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ื–ื™ืช, ืช"ืฉ) <ืคื•ืืžื”> <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืœ' ืฉื•ืจื™ืŸ> <ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืฉ"ืŸ 1989>
  • ืœื™ืœืš (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ืคื•ืก ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืฉ"ื) <ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื•ืš: 'ื“ื‘ืจ', ื“' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื>
  • ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขืจื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง : ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืฉ"ื’)
  • ืืœืฃ : ืคืจืงื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”"ื–ืžืŸ" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉ"ื”) <ื‘ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื> <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆืื• ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื›"ื’ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืชืฉืœ"ื– 1976>
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืฉ"ื™)
  • ื‘ืฆืœ ืฉื™ื— ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืœ ื•ืจื“ (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืื•ืช, ืชืฉื™"ื) <ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืกืœ ื‘ืจื’ื ืจ>
  • ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™"ื)
  • ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืกืžื‘ื• ื”ื›ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ : ื•ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืžืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื‘ืชื ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฆ'ืฆ'ื™ืง, ืชืฉื™"ื“) <ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื•ืขื–ื™ ; ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ืœ' ื•ื•ืœืคืจื˜>
  • ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข : ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™"ื˜)
  • ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉ"ืš) <ืžื”ื“' ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช>
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคื ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉื›"ื‘) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœ"ื– 1976>
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืฉืœ"ื– 1976) 3 ื›ืจ'. <ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ื. ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข โ€“ ื‘. ื‘ืฆืœ ืฉื™ื— ืฉื•ืฉืŸ - ื’. ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื“ืžืข>
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคื ื : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืฉืœ"ื– 1976)
  • ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื’ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2009) <ืขืจื›ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ืœื™ ืžืœืฆืจ ื•ืžืœื›ื” ื‘ืง, ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ>
ืชืจื’ื•ื:
  • ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช : <ืื”ืจืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ> / ืžืจื™ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื”-ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™-ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉ"ื‘)
  • ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ืกืœื” : ืกืคื•ืจื™ื / ื™. ื™. ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืžืืกืฃ, ืชืฉ"ื” 1945)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืขืœ "ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขืจื™ื"
ืขืœ "ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข"
ืขืœ "ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช"
  • ื˜ืจืกื™-ื’ื™ื, ืืกืชืจ. "ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœื“ื•ืช". ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื•ื˜ื : ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืž. ื ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜), ืขืž' 139ึพ140.
ืขืœ "ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœืฆืจ" (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืฉืœ"ื– 1976)
  • ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. Narrative Poetry.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืž"ื”, ื’ืœ' 5 (ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืœ"ื—, ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1977), ืขืž' 301ึพ303.
  • ืœื ื“ืจ, ืคื ื—ืก.  ื˜ืขืžื ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืž"ื”, ื’ืœ' 5 (ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืœ"ื—, ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1977), ืขืž' 304ึพ306.
ืขืœ "ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ืกืœื”" ืœื™"ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ
  • ืจืื•ื‘ื ื™, ืื”ืจืŸ. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืจืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืž. ื ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื–), ืขืž' 223ึพ231.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ