ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ (1934)

Dan Miron

 

ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ.
    ืืจื‘ืข ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืช-ื™ืžื™ื ื•
: ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ืจื˜ื•ืฉ, ื™ื–ื”ืจ, ืฉืžื™ืจ / ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ. -- ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื•ืงืŸ,  ืชืฉื›"ื‘ 1962.
    395 ืขืž'.

    ื”ืžืกื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ื•ืฆืจืช โ€” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื: ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืจื˜ื•ืฉ, ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ. ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืชึพืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ, ืžื•ืฆื, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืื• ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื“ืื™ืช ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืื“ืจื‘ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ืœ'ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช' ื•ืœ'ื–ืจืžื™ื' ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื•, ืืคื•ื, ืืœื ืขืฆื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ืœื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ ื•ืกืคืจื•ืชื™, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”'ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช' ื•ื”'ื–ืจืžื™ื' โ€“ ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจืฆืช ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ืชื•ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื” โ€“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
    ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื” โ€“ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืงื•ืจืช ืœืชืช ื‘ื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืงื‘ืข โ€“ ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ. ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ โ€“ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืคืขืœืชื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื–, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“ื ืืช ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืžื”. ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื•ืจื˜ื•ืฉ, ื”ื ืžื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืชื™ืง โ€“ ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืจื•ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื’ื ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื•ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืชืŸ ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”'ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช' ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืกื™ื™ืžื•, ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ, ืืช ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืคื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื.
    ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ืขื“ ื›ื” ืœื ื—ืจื’ื”, ืœืจื•ื‘, ืžืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืคืจื•ืฃ ื”ืจืฆื ื–ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื˜ืข ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™. ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื โ€“ ืœื ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืจื•ืคืคื™ื, ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื ื•ืคื” ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ ืžืคื•ืจื˜, ืฉืœื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ืฆืืช ืœื” ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงื”ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื˜ื•ืฉ โ€“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ืชื”, ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืฉื•ื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื•, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงื™ื. ืกืคื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืฃ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช โ€“ ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืจื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
    ื”ืžืกื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื•, ืืคื•ื, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืชืงื•ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื–ืจื•ื– ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชึพื”ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืจืงืžืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื•.
ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืชืฉื›"ื‘.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

  • ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืกืคืจ (ืขืž' 7ึพ9)

  • ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ
  • ื”ืžืช ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื” : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืž' 13ึพ37)
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื : ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืž' 38ึพ68)
  • 'ืืจืก-ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื”' ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื”ืœืš : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืž' 69ึพ83)
  • ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืž' 84ึพ108)

  • ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืจื˜ื•ืฉ
  • ืคืชื™ื—ื” (ืขืž' 111ึพ119)
  • ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื• (ืขืž' 119ึพ132)
  • ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื˜ืื” (ืขืž' 133ึพ146)
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื“ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžืžื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ (ืขืž' 146ึพ161)
  • ืกื™ื›ื•ื (ืขืž' 161ึพ170)
  • ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืขืž' 171ึพ172)

  • ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ
  • ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ื–ื”ืจ (ืขืž' 175ึพ192)
  • 'ืืคืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืืกืคืกืช' (ืขืž' 192ึพ216)
  • ื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช, 'ืžืกืข ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘' (ืขืž' 217ึพ248)
  • ื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”'ืงื•ืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช' (ืขืž' 248ึพ264)
  • ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื—, 'ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™' (ืขืž' 264ึพ297)
  • ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœ'ื™ืžื™ ืฆืงืœื’'
    ื. 'ื™ืžื™ ืฆืงืœื’' - ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” (ืขืž' 297ึพ315)
    ื‘. 'ื™ืžื™ ืฆืงืœื’' - ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ (ืขืž' 315ึพ330)
  • ื ืกืคื—: ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื–ื”ืจ <'ื”ื ืžืœื˜', 'ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง'> (ืขืž' 330ึพ336)
  • ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืขืž' 337ึพ340)

  • ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ
  • ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ (ืขืž' 343ึพ374)
  • ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืขืž' 375)
  • ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” (ืขืž' 377ึพ388)
  • ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช (ืขืž' 389ึพ395)

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2017

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ