ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (1910ึพ1970)

Nathan Alterman

 

ืžื ื—ื ืคื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.
    ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื ืฉืง
: ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ / ืžื ื—ื ืคื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.  -- ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืข"ื 2011.
286  ืขืž'.
The Seventh Column and the Purity of Arms : Natan Alterman on security, morality and law / Menachem Finkelstein

    ืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืคืจืกื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื“ื‘ืจ", ื”ื•ื "ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืื›ืกื ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ืžื’ืฉ ื”ื›ืกืฃ", ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื›ืกื™ ืฆืืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื ื• ืœืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืื•ืžื™.
    ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื ืฉืง ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื ืฉืง ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
    ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™, ื“"ืจ ืžื ื—ื ืคื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2000ึพ2004 ื›ึผึทืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืืœื•ืฃ. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžื™ืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ื โ€“ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื”ืกื ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื.
    ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ื•, ืžืชื—ืงื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜, ื•ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืงื‘ ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ "ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืขืกืง ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™; ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืฉื–ืจืช ื‘ื”ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื“ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืžื™ื“ืชื™ ื•ืžืจื•ืกืŸ. ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื—ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืจื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื“ืขืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช; ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš ื ืคืจืกื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืžืจืชืงื•ืช ืžืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ืคืจืฉืช ื›ืคืจ ืงืืกื", "ืคืขื•ืœืช ืงื™ื‘ื™ื”", "ืžืฉืคื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืื ืกืงื™" ื•ืขื•ื“.
    ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ21, ืคื•ืชื— ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ื”ืจ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžืขืฉื”, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช "ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“", "ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ", ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื›"ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ" ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื ืฉืง ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืคื•ื ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืก ืœื™ื—ื ืฉืœ "ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืขืช ื•ื”ืขืชื•ืŸ" ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
    ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื•; ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื; ื•ื”ืงื•ืจื ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ โ€“ ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ื”ืงื“ืžื” (ืขืž' 9)

ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ (ืขืž' 17)

    ืคืจืง ื: ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืž' 17)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: ืขืœ "ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™" (ืขืž' 23)
    ืคืจืง ื’: ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช (ืขืž' 31)

ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™: ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• (ืขืž' 37)
    ืคืจืง ื: ืฆื”"ืœ โ€” "ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”" (ืขืž' 37)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: "ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืจึตืขึดื™, ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื ืฉืืชื ื™" (ืขืž 42)

ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื (ืขืž' 49)
    ืคืจืง ื: "ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื”โ€“ื‘ื›ืš" (ืขืž' 49)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: ืขื•ืฆืจ, ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื (ืขืž' 62)
    ืคืจืง ื’: ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ (ืขืž' 76)
    ืคืจืง ื“: ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืขืž' 79)
    ืคืจืง ื”: ืคืขื•ืœืช ืงื™ื‘ื™ื” (ืขืž' 85)
    ืคืจืง ื•: ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ (ืขืž' 90)

ื—ืœืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™: ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื“ื” ื•ื”ืคืœืž"ื— (ืขืž' 95)
    ืคืจืง ื: ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื“ื” (ืขืž' 95)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื“ื” (ืขืž' 102)
    ืคืจืง ื’: ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœืž"ื— (ืขืž' 106)

ื—ืœืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื™: ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช (ืขืž' 113)
    ืžื‘ื•ื (ืขืž' 113)
   
ืคืจืง ื: ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 1947 (ืขืž' 115)
   
ืคืจืง ื‘: ืฉื ืช 1948 โ€” ืขื“ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืขืž' 120)
    ืคืจืง ื’: ืฉื ืช 1948 โ€” ืžื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš (ืขืž' 124)
    ืค
ืจืง ื“: "ืฉื™ืจื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”" (ืขืž' 129)
    ืคืจืง ื”: ืื—ืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื—  (ืขืž' 147)

ื—ืœืง ืฉื™ืฉื™: "ืขืœ ื–ืืช" (ืขืž' 153)
   
ืคืจืง ื: ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ (ืขืž' 153)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: "ืชื—ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”"  (ืขืž' 156)
    ืคืจืง ื’: "ืขืœ ื–ืืช" โ€” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื›ืชื‘? (ืขืž' 163)

ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™: ืคืจืฉืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืื ืกืงื™ (ืขืž' 171)
   
ืคืจืง ื: ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข  (ืขืž' 171)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: "ืชึผึตื‘ึทืช ื‘ืœืžื™ื ืžืงึปืœืงืœืช" (ืขืž' 176)

ื—ืœืง ืฉืžื™ื ื™: ืคืจืฉืช ื›ืคืจ ืงืืกื (ืขืž' 181)
   
ืคืจืง ื: ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืขืž' 181)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: "ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉึปืœืฉ" (ืขืž' 185)
    ืคืจืง ื’: "ืขื ืคืกืงโ€“ื”ื“ื™ืŸ" (ืขืž' 193)
    ืคืจืง ื“: "ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื•"  (ืขืž' 198)
    ืคืจืง ื”: "ื”ื—ื ื™ื ื”" (ืขืž' 206)

ื—ืœืง ืชืฉื™ืขื™: ืขืœ ืคืฆื™ืคื™ื–ื ื•ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ืขืž' 213)
   
ืคืจืง ื: "ืึทืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื" (ืขืž' 213)
    ืคืจืง ื‘: "ืกืจื‘ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”" (ืขืž' 217)

ื—ืœืง ืขืฉื™ืจื™: ืืœืชืจืžืŸ - "ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืื•ืžื™" ืื• "ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื—ืฆืจ"? (ืขืž' 221)
   
ืคืจืง ื: ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื  (ืขืž' 221)
    ืค
ืจืง ื‘: ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื”  (ืขืž' 231)

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ื (ืขืž' 235)
ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช (ืขืž' 249)
ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช (ืขืž' 259)

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ