ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (1932)

Hanna Bdolach Epstein

ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืœื™ื“ืช ืขื™ืจืืง. ืขืœืชื” ืืจืฆื” ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืชื”. ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช-ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื‘ืคืœืž"ื—. ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžืงื™ืžื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขืžื™ืขื“. ืœืžื“ื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืจ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ. ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืจืกื ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™-ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ืื•ื ื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘-1983. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช-ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื” ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ืงื”, ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™. ืชื•ืคืขื” ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื• - ืชื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืจืื™ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™-ืื ื•ืฉ. ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืคืจืก ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” (ืื—"ื™).  ืื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื’ืจื ื•ืช]

ืกืคืจื™ื”:

  • ื ื—ืœ ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ : ืฉื™ืจืกืคื•ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืชื’ื, ืชืฉืž"ื’ 1983)
  • ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื— : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืœ"ืฃ, ืชืฉืž"ื• 1986)
  • ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืงื˜ื•ืก : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืž"ื˜ 1989)
  • ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื’ 1993)  <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ื”ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื "ื— 1998)
  • ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืก"ื’ 2003) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 2011) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”:

  • ืกื™ืœื‘ืจืกื˜ื•ืŸ-ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”. "ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืžืœื™ื" : ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 12 (1991), ืขืž' 20
ืขืœ "ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื—"
  • ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืฉืœืžื”. ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, 20 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1987, ืขืž' 18
  • ืฉืชืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื”. ื“ื‘ืจ, 21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1986, ืขืž' 21
ืขืœ "ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™"
  • ื“ืœื™ืก. ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—: ื‘ื”ืœื•ืš ืื˜ื™. ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื’ืœ' 35 (1994), ืขืž' 27
  • ื™ืขื•ื–-ืงืกื˜, ื—ื ื”. ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื”ืื™ื˜ื™. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 41 (1999), ืขืž' 46-47 <ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—>
  • ื ืชื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžืœื›ื”. ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—, "ื‘ื”ืœื•ืš ืื˜ื™". ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 27 (1995), ืขืž' 36-37
ืขืœ "ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืงื˜ื•ืก"
  • ืื•ืคื™ืจ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ื’ื™ื™ื–ืจ ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื•' ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ืŸ, 29 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1990, ืขืž' 7
  • ื—ืงืง, ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ. ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืก"ื”, ื—ื•ื‘' 9-10 (ืชืžื•ื–-ืื‘ ืชืฉื "ื, ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1991), ืขืž' 79.
  • ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืฉืœืžื”. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, 1 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1991, ืขืž' 21
  • ืฉืชืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™"ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื "ื, 2 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1990, ืขืž' 20
ืขืœ "ื”ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™"
  • ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื”. ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘' 38 (1998), ืขืž' 26-27
  • ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“, ื“ื•ื“. ืกืคืจ ืžืจื’ืฉ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืขื’, ื—ื•ื‘' 7 (1999), ืขืž' 62-63
  • ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ื ืชืŸ. ืœื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ืขื ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, "ื”ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ืžื”ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘' 20 (1998), ืขืž' 112-113
  • ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ื ืชืŸ. ืฉืžื•ืจืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘' 38 (1998), ืขืž' 26
  • ื ืชื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžืœื›ื”. ืื’ื‘ ืงืจื™ืื”. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘' 40 (1999), ืขืž' 52-51
ืขืœ "ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื"
  • ืื‘ืจื”ื-ืื™ืชืŸ, ื—ืœื™. "ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื" ืžืืช ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—, ื”ื•ืฆ' ืขืงื“ 2003: ืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 57 (2004), ืขืž' 46
  • ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“, ื™ืขืจื”. ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช. ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื‘' 86 (2004), ืขืž' 12-13
  • ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื”. "ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื" ืžืืช ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— : ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘' 57 (2004), ืขืž' 45
  • ื“ืœื™ืก. ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื” โ€“ ื•ื“ื•ืขื›ืช. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืข"ื—, ื—ื•ื‘' 1 (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืก"ื“, ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2004), ืขืž' 20-21
  • ืกื™ืœื‘ืจืกื˜ื•ืŸ-ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”.  "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื" : ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ "ื—ื•ื˜" ืžืืช ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— <ืžืชื•ืš 'ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจื™ื'>.  ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 60 (ืื‘ื™ื‘-ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื” 2005), ืขืž' 53-54.
ืขืœ "ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช"
  • ืคืกื™ืคืก. ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื” "ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช".  ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 87 (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืข"ื‘ 2012), ืขืž' 20ึพ21.
  • ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ื™ืขืงื‘. ืžื” ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—? ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœ' 87 (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืข"ื‘ 2012), ืขืž' 21.
  • ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื”. ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืชืจืฉืžืช. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืค"ื–, ื’ืœ' 1 (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืข"ื’, ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013), ืขืž' 61.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


[ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 21 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2016]

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ