D/Gã«å·»ã蟌ãŸãã103-ãåã®ãã©ããŒãã1 åº----ãªãŸãŒã ã 3:æµäœäžçã®ãå°å³ããäœããšç¬éãç·(æµç·)ã«ãªã-
ããã«ããŠãããããã¯ãå°å³ãšè€åãããŸãã§è¯ãé¢ãšæªããé¢ãšãã£ããµãã«å¯Ÿç«ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠãåãªãäºå è«ãåçŸããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?
è€åããããšããããšã¯å°å³æ¬æ¥ã®æã¡åã§ã¯ãªãã®ã?
æ ¹ãšäº€åãããšããšããŠãããšäžäœã«ãªãããšã¯ãªãŸãŒã æ¬æ¥ã®ç¹åŸŽã§ã¯ãªãã®ã?
å°å³ãšãããã®ã¯åé·æ§ã®çŸè±¡ãå«ãã§ããŠããããããã§ã«å°å³ããèªäœã®è€åãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?
倿§äœã«ã¯ãããªãã®å°å±€ãããã«çµ±äžåãšå šäœåãéå£åãæ¬æ ã®ã¡ã«ããºã ãæš©åã®æå³å¿åç奪åãäž»äœãžã®åž°å±åãªã©ãæ ¹ã¥ãå°å±€ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?
ããŸããŸãªéèµ°ç·ã§ããããããããŸã¡ãŸã¡ã®æ¹åãåããŠããããã§ããããè§£äœã転åãããããšã圹å²ãšããçµç¹äœãè€è£œããããšã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?
ã ããã®éããŸãçã§ãããåé¡ã¯æ¹æ³ãªã®ã§ããââè€åãã€ãã«å°å³ã«ãã©ããªããã°ãªããªãã
ãããŠãã®æäœã¯ããŸèŠãæäœãšå¯Ÿç§°ããªããã®ã§ã¯ãŸã£ãããªãã
ãªããªãå³å¯ã«èšã£ãŠè€åãå°å³ãè€è£œãããšããã®ã¯æ£ç¢ºã§ãªãããã ã
è€åã¯åçãã©ãžãªã®ããã«ããããè€è£œããããšãããã®ãã人工çãªææ®µãè²çŽ ãšããã®ä»ã®å¶éæ¹åŒã®å©ããåããŠéžå¥ãªããåé¢ããããšããå§ãããã®ã§ããã
ã¢ãã«ãäœãåºããåŒãå¯ããã®ã¯ãã€ãã«æš¡åããåŽãªã®ã§ããã
è€åã¯ãã§ã«å°å³ãã€ããŒãžã¥ã«ç¿»èš³ãããªãŸãŒã ããã§ã«æ ¹ãåŽæ ¹ã«å€å®¹ãããã
è€åã¯ãã®è»žã§ããæå³æ§ãšäž»äœåãšã®è»žã«ãããã£ãŠãããããã®å€æ§äœãçµç¹ããå®å®ãããäžåãããã
ãªãŸãŒã ãçã¿ãæ§é åããã®ã ã
ãããŠè€åã¯äœãå¥ã®ãã®ãè€è£œããŠããã€ããã§ãããšããããã§ã«èªåèªèº«ããè€è£œããŠããªãã®ã§ããã
ã ããããè€åã¯å®ã«å±éºãªã®ã ã
ããã¯åé·æ§ã泚ããã¿ããããäŒæç¹æ®ãããã
è€åãå°å³ãªãããªãŸãŒã ããè€è£œãããã®ã¯ãåã«ãã®è¢å°è·¯ãéå¡ãå転軞ã®èèœããªããã¯æ§é åã®è«žåºç¹ãªã©ã§ããã
(â»ãåã®ãã©ããŒãã¯1ã€ã®ãã©ã°ã©ããé·ãã®ã§ããD/Gã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããããšé¡ãããäžé£ã®ãèœæžããã§ã¯1æãã€æ¹è¡ããŠåŒçšããŠããããªããã©ã°ã©ãã®åºåãã®å Žåã¯1è¡ç©ºããŠããã)
â
ååã¯æåº«çãåã®ãã©ããŒãäžå·»ã®28pãŸã§ããŸãã£ãŠã¿ãããã®éããé ãããå ¥ããããªå§¿å¢ã§èšãã ããšããã®ã<äžãšå€>ãã<äž>ãå·®ãåŒããšãããn-1ããªããã®æ¬ã®èãæ¹ãäœæããã«ã¯çŠç¹ã<äžã€>ã«çµãã«ããç¶æ ãæµäœäžçã®èšå®ã§ã¯æã£åãæ©ããšæã£ãããã§ãã(å®éããŸããŸãé ã£ãŠããŒãå©ããŠããæããã£ã)ããã®åŸããã®æèŠãã¡ãã£ãšã©ããã«æ®ããŠãããšããé¶é ããšãŸã§ã¯ãããªãããäºæ¥é ãã®ããæãã®æèŠã§ããã®æžŠå·»ãäžçãããŸããããšã«æ £ããŠããŠããèªåãããã
ãšããã®ããäžæã«ç»å Žããäžå¯è§£ãªæŠå¿µããããæ€ç©çãªãæ ¹ãã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãèªåã®èãã ãã§ãªã身äœã®æ¹ãç°å¢ãšé¢ä¿ãå§ããããã«æããããã§ãããéãæ©ããšããã€ãããããã§é端ã®éèãèŠãããšã¯ä»ãŸã§ã床ã ãã£ãã(ãããŸã§ããã®è€éãªåœ¢æ ã«é©ãããšããã£ã)ãæ ¹ã®è€éããŸã§ã€ã¡ãŒãžããŠéèãèŠãããšã¯çšã ã£ãããããæ©ããã³ã«æãæµ®ãã¶ããã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãããšãé»ç·ããéãã人ãè»ã®åãããç·ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«èŠãããé³¥ã®çŸœã°ãããè«ã®åãã®æ¹ã人ãäœã£ããã®ããè€éãªç·ãæããšããããšããåŠçæä»£ã«ã¯ããŒãã»ã¬ãŽã£=ã¹ãããŒã¹ãéçã®æèãâLa Pensée sauvageâãšããæ¬ãæã«ãšã£ãæããéçã®ãã³ãžãŒããšããäºéã®æå³ã«ã¯ã¹ããšç¬ããé£ãããŠèè ã®ååã«ãšãããžãŒã³ãºãã©ã³ããæãæµ®ãã¹ãããšããã£ãããã®æãµãšããã£ãã®ã¯ãèè ãéçã®ãã³ãžãŒã®ãæ ¹ãã®æ¹ã«ãæ§é ããèŠãŠããã®ããª?ãšããèšèã«ããªããªããããªäžç¬ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã ã£ãã
ç§»åããªããååã®ãèœæžãããæžããŠããæäžãæãé£ã³è¶ããŠãããªæèŠãæ¹§ãäžãã£ãŠãããæ€ç©ãã¡ãèªåã®äžã«å ¥ã£ãŠããããããªãé ãããåã£ãã®ã ããã(ãåã®ãã©ããŒãã§ããåºãŠããããããããèã§é ã£ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã) ããŠãä»åããã¯ã§ããã ãã¹ããªã¿ã¹ã®åã¯åããã«ãæ°Žã(ããã©ã«ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒã§ä»£çš)ããŸãã¯ãã³ãŒããŒãã«é ããªãããèœæžãããããŠãããã°ããšæãã
â
ååã¯èªãæ(ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒ)ããè²ã®å£°ã§èŽãæãæçºããªããã¡ãã£ãšæ¿æ²»çããŒã³ã匷ããŠãæ ¹ãããåŽæ ¹ãããæ ¹èããã·ã¥ãã¬ãã³âã«ã£ãœãèªãèšèã®çŸ€ããä»ãããæµäœçãªç°çããå°ã é ã£ã±ãããªããããŸãã£ã(ããªãŸãŒã ãäžå¿6é ç®ã«åããŠèªãäžã®ã1°ããã³2°----é£çµãšéç質æ§ã®åçããšã3°----倿§äœã®åçã)ãä»åã¯ã³ãŒããŒã§é ããªãããã4°----éæå³çåæã®åçããããã©ãã©ããŸãã£ãŠã¿ããã(ã€ããªãããããåºãŠããã)
ã4°ãã®ã¿ã€ãã«ã«ãªã£ãŠãããéæå³çåæã®åçããšããã®ã¯ããããŸãã«æå³ããã¡ãããåæãã«ãã£ãŠã§ããããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒã«æµéããŠããåçã§ãªãããšã¯ç¢ºãã ããããåæããã察象ãæã瀺ãããã«ç°å¢å šäœãããã¿ãŒã³ãåãåºãããšãã§ã¯ãªããšããããšã ããã(ãã€ãã®ããšããã°ã¬ãŽãªãŒã»ãã€ããœã³ã粟ç¥ã®çæ åŠãžãã®åŠç¿çè«ã§ã®ãåŠç¿ IIãã®æ®µéãã€ã¡ãŒãžãããªããã ãã)
ããŠãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®ãç»å Žã ã
4°----éæå³çåæã®åçã
ããã¯è«žæ§é ãåãã¡ããããã¯ïŒã€ã®æ§é ãæšªæãããããŸãã«æå³ããã¡ãããåæã«å¯Ÿæãããã®ã ã
ãªãŸãŒã ã¯ä»»æã®1ç¹ã§åãããæãããããŠãããŸããªãã
ããèªèº«ã®ããããã®ç·ãå¥ã®ç·ã«ãããã£ãŠãŸãè²ã£ãŠããã®ã ã
è»ãçžæã«ããŠãããšééããªãã®ã¯ããããåç©çãªãŸãŒã ã圢äœã£ãŠããŠããã®å€§éšåãç Žå£ãããŠããããå圢æãããããã§ããã
ã©ããªãªãŸãŒã ãæ°ã ã®åçç·ãå«ãã§ããŠããããã®ç·ã«ãããã£ãŠå°å±€åãããé ååãããçµç¹ãããæå³ãããåž°å±ãããããŠããã
ããã©ããŸãè±é ååã®ç·ãå«ãã§ããŠããããéããŠãããéèµ°ããŠãããã®ã§ããã
åçç·ãéèµ°ç·ã®äžã«ç Žè£ãããã³ã«ãªãŸãŒã ã«ãããŠåæããããã
ããã©ãéèµ°ç·ã¯ãªãŸãŒã ã®äžéšåããªããŠããã
ãããã®ç·ã¯ããããäºãã«ããããåã£ãŠããã®ã ã
ã ãããããããšãåæªãšããåæ©çãªåœ¢ã®ããšã§ãããäºå è«ãªããäºåæ³ãçŸã«ãšãããšã¯ã§ããªãã
åãããäœããéèµ°ç·ãåŒããŠã¿ãã
ããã©ãã€ãã«ããã®äžã«å šäœãåå°å±€åãã諞çµç¹ãã1åã®ã·ããã£ã¢ã³ã«æš©åãå賊äžããéå£ãã1åã®äž»äœãåæ§æãã貎æãªã©ããŸããèŠåºããããããã----ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ã®åŸ©æŽ»ãããã¡ã·ãºã çåçµã«è³ããŸã§ãæã¿æ¬¡ç¬¬ãªãã§ãã
ã°ã«ãŒããåäººãæ°ã ã®ãã¯ãã»ãã¡ã·ãºã ãå«ãã§ããŠããããã¯ãã ããçµæ¶ããã ãã§ããã
ãããã¯ãŸããããŸããªãŸãŒã ãªã®ã ã
åãšæªãšã¯ç©æ¥µçãã€äžæçãªéžå¥ãäœåºŠã§ãããçŽãã¹ãéžå¥ã®ç£ç©ã§ããããããªãã
ä»åºŠã¯æ§ã ãªãç·ãããåºãŸãã§ããããããŠèªãæã¯æµäœäžçã®äžã§ãæ¯èŒçåºåãããæ§é ããæ¶²ç¶åãããããªåºŠåãã§ã§ããŠããããšã«ã€ããŠè©±ãå§ããŠããããåçç·ãlignes de segmentaritéã¯ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãåã€ãŸã现ååãããšããæå³ã§åãç®ãå ¥ããç·ã§ããããéèµ°ç·ã ligne de fuiteã¯æŒæ°Žãæ å ±æŒæŽ©ã®éã«è±èªã®leakãšåæ§ã«çšããããfuiteã®ç·ã ãšããããããŠãã®äžçã§ã¯é å¿åãšæ±å¿å(ãŸãã¯æ¥åãšåŒå)ããããã®ããç·èªäœã«ãã®åãããã®ãã(åŠãäž¡è ã®é¢ä¿ã ãã)ããç·ãã¯è±é ååãããåé ååããããããšããããã
倿§äœäžçãç·ã®éåãšããŠç€ºãããšããèªãæã¯ã身äœã鿢ããããšåæã«å¯Ÿè±¡ã鿢ãããã®ãšããŠææ¡ããå§¿å¢ãäœãåºããç¹ãã®ææ³ãæ¹å€ããŠããã®ã ããããã®æµäœäžçã§ã¯ãç¹ããæ¿ããæ¢ãŸã£ãŠããã ããªã®ã (ã·ã§ãªã³ã°ã£ãœãèšããš)ããããšå°å±€ãæ°å±€ãåã€ãåçç·ããããããæŒãåºãããã«æµãåºããéèµ°ç·ãã¯å¥ã ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããã®ç·ã¯ããããäºãã«ããããåã£ãŠãããããšãããã£ãŠããã
ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒ(èªãæ)ãæ¬¡ã ãšç»å Žãããããã€ãã®ãç·ããã¡ã«ã¯ãå®ãèšããšãã¡ãã¯ã¡ãã£ãšããå å ¥èŠãæã£ãŠä»ãåãå§ããŠãããšãããããããåã®ãã©ããŒããç°çãšããŠèšå®ããç°çãæžŠå·»ãã®ãããªæµäœäžçãšããŠæ³åããæããããã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ã以æ¥ãèªãæããç·ããšãããšãã¯ã枊巻ãç·ãã€ãŸãç¬éã®æ¹åæ§ã衚ãé床ãã¯ãã«ãšããŠã®ãæµç·ãstreamlineããã²ãšãŸãã¯ã€ã¡ãŒãžããããã«ããŠããã®ã ã
äŸãã°ãèªç©ºäŸ¿ã®çµè·¯ãäžçå°å³äžã«æããšãã®æ²ç·ã®æããæµç·ãã®äžã€ã§ããããã®æã§ã§ããæµäœé åã¯ãæµç®¡ããšåŒã°ããæµç·ã®è·¡(å·ã®æµããç€ºãæµ®éç©ã®ãããª)ã¯ãæµäœååãã®ç§»åã®è»è·¡ã®ãããªèšãæ¹ããããã®ã§ããåã®ãã©ããŒãã«é¢ãããèœæžããã§ã¯ãã²ãšãŸããã®èãæ¹ãæµçšããããšã«ããã®ã§ããã

â
èªãæã¯ãç·ã§ã§ãããã®æµäœäžçã§ã¯ã©ããªãã®ã«ã§ããªãåŸãã(ããªã€ãã£ãã¹ã®åŸ©æŽ»ãããã¡ã·ãºã çåçµã«è³ããŸã§ãæã¿æ¬¡ç¬¬ãªãã§ãã)ãäžå€ãªãã®ã¯äœããªããšããäžå€åãå°åºãã(ãã¶ãç¬ããªãã)ããåãšæªãšã¯ç©æ¥µçãã€äžæçãªéžå¥ãäœåºŠã§ãããçŽãã¹ãéžå¥ã®ç£ç©ã§ããããããªããã ãããšããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒ(èªãæ)ã¯ããé åããšããèšèããããåãããç·ãã§è¡šããããšèšããã©ãã忹忧ã®è©±ã®ããã«èãããã ã²ãšãŸããåçç·ããšãéèµ°ç·ãã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯èã«çœ®ããŠè³ãåŸããŠã¿ãã
ã©ãããŠè±é ååã®åããšåé ååã®éçšãšãç·äœçãªãã®ã§ãããçµ¶ããæ¥ç¶ããäºãã«ããã¿ãã£ãŠãããã®ã§ãªããããããã?
èã¯éèã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ãã³ããŒã圢äœãããšã«ãã£ãŠèªå·±ãè±é ååããã
ããã©ãéèã¯ãã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ã®äžã«èªå·±ãåé ååããã
ãšã¯ããéèã¯ããèªèº«èã®çæ®æ©æ§ã®äžéšåãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã ãããèªå·±ãè±é ååããŠãããã®ã ã
ããããŸãéèã¯è±ç²ãéã¶ããšã«ãã£ãŠèãåé ååããã
éèãšèã¯ãéç質çã§ãããããã«ãããŠãªãŸãŒã ããªããŠããã®ã§ããã
èã¯éèãæš¡å£ããŠããŠãäœããæå³ãã仿¹ (çäŒŒãæ¬æ ãããšããçã ) ã§éèã®äŒŒå§¿ãåçããŠãããšèšããããããªãã
ãããããã¯å°å±€ã®æ°Žæºã«ãããŠèšããããšã«ãããªã----äžæ¹ã®å±€ã«ãããæ€ç©ççµç¹ãããäžæ¹ã®å±€ã«ãããåç©ççµç¹ãæš¡å£ããŠãããšãã圢ã§ãïŒã€ã®å±€ã®éã«å¹³è¡é¢ä¿ããããšããããã ã
ãããšåæã«å šãå¥ãªããšãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã ----ãã¯ããŸã£ããæš¡å£ãªã©ã§ã¯ãªããã³ãŒãã®æç²ãã³ãŒãã®å°äœäŸ¡å€ãåå䟡ã®å¢éãçã®çæå€å(ãã¥ãŽããŒã«) ããªãããšããèã®éèãžã®çæå€åãéèã®èãžã®çæå€åããã£ãŠããããã®çæå€åã®ãã®ãã®ã2é ã®ãã¡ã®äžæ¹ã®è±é ååãšããäžæ¹ã®åé ååãä¿èšŒããïŒã€ã®çæå€åã¯è«žåŒ·åºŠã®åŸªç°ã«ãããã£ãŠé£éããªããã€äº€ä»£ã§åãããã®åŸªç°ãè±é ååãã€ãã«ãããã£ããæšãé²ããã®ã ã
ããã«ã¯æš¡å£ãé¡äŒŒããªãã1åã®å ±éã®ãªãŸãŒã ãããªãéèµ°ç·ã«ãããŠïŒã€ã®ç°è³ªãªç³»å(ã»ãªãŒ)ãçžè£ããŠããã®ã§ããããã®å ±éã®ãªãŸãŒã ã¯æå³ã«ããããã©ããªãã®ã«ãåž°å±ãããåŸå±ãããªãã
ã¬ãã»ã·ã§ãŒãŽã¡ã³ã¯ããå·§ã¿ã«èšã£ãŠãã----ããäºãã«ãŸã£ããçžããããããªãïŒã€ã®ååšã®éå¹³è¡ççºéããšã
åŒçšã«å ¥ãåã«ã忹忧ããªã©ãšèšã£ããããããªå®çŽãªèšèã¯ãç¹ããåºç¹ãšããéæ çäžçã®èãæ¹ã ã£ããããã¯æµäœäžçã§ããããªãŸãŒã ã®è©±é¡ãç¶ããŠãããšããããšããã£ããå¿ããŠããã®ã§ããããã£ãšèªãã§ãµãšãã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãåçç·ã lignes de segmentaritéã¯ãã¢ã«ç¶ãã§åºåãžããéèµ°ç·ã ligne de fuiteã¯ãååç¶ãã§æ¶²åãžäŒžã³ãŠãããããªè©±ã ã£ãããšãæãèµ·ãã(ããèŠãã ã)ãæµç·(é床ãã¯ãã«)ãšããŠã€ã¡ãŒãžãçŽããŠã¿ãã
(â»ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãã³ãŒãã®å°äœäŸ¡å€ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ãã§ãåŽåè
ãå¿
èŠè³é以äžã«åãããããšã§å©æœ€ãçãŸãããã«ã¯ã¹ã®å°äœäŸ¡å€åæ§ãæ§ã
ãªèŠç¯ãšããŠã®ã³ãŒãã貚幣ã«è±ã³ãŒãåããŠè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã¯ãæµãããäœããšããã(ãæµãã®å°äœäŸ¡å€ã:ãã ãããã®èãã¯çŽæ¥ãã«ã¯ã¹ããã§ãªãEã»ããªããŒã«ã®åœ¢åŒç/å®è³ªçãå
æããçµç±ããŠãããšææãã£ã)ããããã®ãèœæžããã¯åè£ç(çµ±å倱調ç)ã®æ¹åããå
¥ã£ãŠããã®ã§ããé åãã«ãªããããæè¿ãè³æ¬è«ãå
šå·»ãéŠèš³ã§åã
éèªãçµããã®ã§ããæµããã®åŽããå
¥ãæé ã§ãããè§Šããããšã«ãªããšã¯æãã)
(â»èè¶³ã ããäžã®åŒçšã§ã¯ããã³ãŒãã®å°äœäŸ¡å€ãããåå䟡ã®å¢éãã«çœ®ãæããŠååŠã®ååã¬ãã«ã§ã®ååçµåã§ã®è¶³ã®å¢å (äž»ã«é
žå)ã§ã€ã¡ãŒãžããããšãããé¢çœããåå䟡ãããã«å¢éãããšæãŠã¯ã©ããªãããåšæè¡šã蟿ãããã«ä¿ãããããã ã)
ãããšãè±é ååãåé ååã®éåã®ãç·ããããåçç·ãããéèµ°ç·ããšåæ§ãç²åã®å¯åºŠãšããŠåºŠåãçã«ã€ã¡ãŒãžããŠã¿ããšããããšããªããšããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®è¡šæ ãèªã¿åãããšè©Šã¿ãªãããæ³åã®æ¹ãå èµ°ãå§ããããããç·ãã«ãç²åã®åºŠåãããã£ãŠãã®æµäœäžçãæ¶²åãšåºåãšãã倿§äœçãªéåãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããã®ãªããç·ã¯ç¡¬ããªã£ããæããããªã£ããããã ãã§ã¯ãªããæ°åããŠãç·ããã姿圢ããªããªãå Žåãããããã ããš(ãåšå®ãªã身äœã?)
é ååãå°å±€ã®ãããªãã£ãããšããæµãã«åºåããŠãããšãããªãããã®ãããªãã£ãããšããé åã«ãéåãããããããã2ã€ã®éåããè±-ããšãå-ãã®2ã€ã®ãé ååããšåŒã°ããããšããæãã§ä»ã¯ä»®æ¢ãããŠããããšã¯ããããµãšåºãŠãããã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ãããã®é£æ³ã¯ããèãšéèãã®äŸãçè§£ããäžã§ãæå€ãšäœ¿ããããªæ°ãããããããŠåŸã ã¯ãäŸã®ãéåããšããéå ·ãã
ãèãšéèãã®äŸã¯ãç¹ããåºç¹ãšããã粟ç¥ãã®ãæš¹æšã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ãã®äžæ¹åçã§å質ãªãã®ãåæãšããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³(ãªãªãžãã«ãšã³ããŒã®)ãžã®æ¹å€ã ãã§ã¯ãªãã忹忧ããŸããç¹ããåºç¹ãšããŠããããšã«ãæ°ã¥ãããŠããããäž¡è
ã®å
±é²åé¢ä¿ã¯ãçãç©ãšããŠç°ãªãçš®ã«å±ããç°è³ªãªäž¡è
ã®äº€æµãšå€å®¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¬ãã»ã·ã§ãŒãŽã¡ã³ã®ãããéå¹³è¡ççºéããäœåããŠãããšããã®ã§ããããã®éãç°è³ªãªäž¡è
ã®äœåããã»ã¹ããèªãæã¯ãè±é ååããšãåé ååãã®2ã€ã®ãç·ãã®åããšããŠçŽ æããŠããã®ã§ããã
â»æè«åŠè
ã¬ãã»ã·ã§ãŒãŽã¡ã³ã«ã€ããŠã¯è±èªçWikiãåç
§ã
èªãæã¯æŽèµ°æ°å³ã«å€§é¢šåæ·ãåºããããšããã®ãããã®åäœçºççãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ããã»ã¹ãã系統çºççãªé²åã®ããã»ã¹å šäœãã€ãŸãã系統暹ãã®ãã€ã¢ã°ã©ã ã§è¡šãããé²åã®ããã»ã¹ãããè±é ååããšãåé ååãã®ãç·ãã§èšè¿°ãçŽãããšããã®ã§ããã
ããäžè¬çã«ããã°ãé²åã®å³åŒã¯ãæš¹æšãšè¡çµ±ãšããå€ãã¢ãã«ãæŸæ£ãã€ã€ããã®ãããããªãã
ããçš®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¯ãäœãã®ãŠã£ã«ã¹ãçæ®çŽ°èã«çµ±åãããŠãã¿ããããè€åçš®ã®çްèéºäŒåãšããŠäŒéããããšãããããããããã«ããã®ãŠã£ã«ã¹ãéãåºãŠããŸã£ããå¥ãªçš®ã®çްèã«å ¥ããã¿ãããããã®éãæåã®å®¿äž»ããæ¥ããéºäŒæ å ±ããæºããŠãããšããããšããããã (äŸãã°ãCã¿ã€ãã®ãŠã£ã«ã¹ããççã®DNAããã³ããçš®ã®å®¶ç«ã®DNAã«äºéã«çµåãããå Žåã«ã€ããŠããã³ãŽã§ãã¹ããšããããè¡ãã€ã€ããç ç©¶ãããã )ã
é²åã®å³åŒã¯åã«ãååã®åºŠåãã®æãå°ãããã®ããæã倧ãããã®ãžãšé²ãæš¹æšçè¡çµ±ã®ã¢ãã«ã«ãããã£ãŠäœãããã°ããã§ã¯ãªããŠãç°è³ªãªãã®ã«çŽæ¥åãããããã§ã«ååãã1ã€ã®ç·ãããã1ã€ã®ç·ãžãšé£ã³ç§»ããªãŸãŒã ã«ãããã£ãŠã€ããããããšã«ãªããã
ããã«ããã®ããŸããççãšç«ãšã®éå¹³è¡ççºéã§ãã£ãŠãããã§ã¯æããã«äžæ¹ã仿¹ã®ã¢ãã«ã§ã¯ãªãããçæ¹ãããäžæ¹ã®ã³ããŒã§ããªã (ç«ã«ãããççãžã®çæã¯ç«ãççã®ããµãããããããšãæå³ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸã)ã
ããããã¯ããããã®ãŠã£ã«ã¹ã§ãã£ãŠãªãŸãŒã ã圢æããã
ãããã¯ãããããããã®ãŠã£ã«ã¹ãä»ã®åç©ãã¡ãšãšãã«ããããããªãŸãŒã ã«ããã®ã ã
ãžã£ã³ããèšã£ãŠããããã«ããŠã£ã«ã¹ãããã¯ä»ã®æ¹åŒã«ããéºäŒçŽ æã®è»¢éãçžç°ãªãçš®ãããã现èã®èåã¯ããå€ä»£ãäžäžã«ã銎æã¿ã®ã人å«ã«ããšãæããããããããã®ãšäŒŒãçµæãããããã
ååããç·ã®éã§ã®æšªæç亀éã¯è¡çµ±æš¹ãçŽç³ŸãããŠããŸãã
ã€ãã«ååçãªããã®ãããããã¯ååäžã®åŸ®ç²åãããæ¢ãããšãããããšçµèšããããšã
è¡çµ±ã«ããç ãããèªäœãåŸã®è¡çµ±ã«äŒããç ã«ãã£ãŠããããå€åœ¢æ çãã€ãªãŸãŒã çãªæµæã«ãã£ãŠãããããã¯é²åãããã€æ»ã¬ã
ãªãŸãŒã ã¯1ã€ã®åç³»èãªã®ã§ããã
ãéå¹³è¡ççºéããšã¯ç°è³ªãªãã®ã®çµ¡ã¿åããã€ãŸãããªãŸãŒã ãç¶ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ããã»ã¹ã ã£ããç°çš®éã®å ±é²åé¢ä¿ããèãšéèããããççãšç«ããžãšã·ãããããæãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯DNAã¬ãã«ã§ã®ãéå¹³è¡ççºéãã®å Žé¢ã«è©±ãç§»ããŠããããã®éã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãäœçްèãããããã«ãã¯ãã¬ãã«ãžãšåŸ®èŠåãããããç·ãããååç¶ãã®ãéèµ°ç·ããšã¢ã«ç¶ã®ãåçç·ãã«åºå¥ãããã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ããæãèµ·ãããšãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãéèµ°ç·ãã®æ¹ãžãšãã¡ããèªã£ãŠããããã§ããã
ãåçç·ãã«ãã£ãŠé ååãããå°å±€ããšãªã£ããã£ããããæµãã®äžã§ãã埮èŠã¬ãã«ã§ã¯ãææãã«èŠããããããªè±é ååãšåé ååãšããçžäºæµžéçãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããããšããã®ã§ãããããã«èªãæã¯ç¶ãæ§ã«ããååããç·ã®éã§ã®æšªæç亀éã¯è¡çµ±æš¹ãçŽç³ŸãããŠããŸããããšæãåã£ãããšãã¶ã¡äžããã®ã§ãããæ¢è£œã®äŸ¡å€ã転åãããããšããé©åœã«åãããããã«æºã¡ãã系統暹æèèªäœãæžãæãããšããããããæ°è¡ã®èèµ·ãç œããããªå£èª¿ã«èãããã
äžæ¹ãç°çš®éå士ã®ã人å«ã«ããšãæãã¯äººéå士ã®è埳çãªäžå«è¡çºã«ãšã©ãŸããã®ã§ãªãããšãå€å°ã¯ãããããå€ä»£ãäžäžã§ã銎æã¿ã®ããšããããã«ãããšä»ã®çš®ãšã®æ§æçãªäº€æµããä»ãããããã ãçš®ããšã«åå²ãã系統暹æèã«ãšã£ãŠããææããšããç°è³ªãªãã®ã«ããé²åããªãŸãŒã çãªãåç³»èããšãããã®ã¯ããã®ãããããã®ã ããã
ãŸããèªãæã¯ãã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ãžã£ã³ãã®çްèã®æäœç ç©¶(Jã»ã¢ããŒãšã®å ±åã§)ããçºèŠãããmRNAã®åœ¹å²ã念é ã«çœ®ããŠããããã ãmRNAã¯ã¯ãã³ã¯çŸä»£ã®æã ã«ã¯ããŸãã«ãã銎æã¿ã ãã³ããçŠã®ææãç§ã®äœå ã«ã泚å°éããäœåºŠãå ¥ã£ãŠããããšãããã確ãã«ããŠã£ã«ã¹ãä»ããã人å«ã«ããšãæãã¯çããäžã§æ¥ã è¡ãããŠããã®ã§ãããåœæãããã¡ããåŒã£åŒµã蟌ãããã«ããŠãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãã¯ãæ¿æ²»åŠçãªå Žã«é£ããŠããã®ã§ããã
â
ãã®åŸã枊巻ãäžçããŸãäžå転ããã®ãã話ã¯ãæ¬ãã«æ»ãããããŠãè±é ååããšãåé ååãã®éåã¯ç°è³ªãªãã®ãäºãã«çµ¡ã¿åããããéå¹³è¡ççºéãã¯ããã«ã¯ãçæå€åããšãèšãæããããããšã«ãªãã ããããããŠé·ãã£ããªãŸãŒã ã®æ§è³ªã«é¢ããã4°----éæå³çåæã®åçãã®æåŸã«ã¯ãã«ã«ãã¹ã»ã«ã¹ã¿ãããåªè¡åž«ãšç§----ãã³ã»ãã¡ã³ã®æãããåŒçšãããã®ã ãããã®çŽåã§åŒçšãåºåã£ãŠã¿ããšã¡ãã£ãšé¢çœãã
æ¬ãšäžçã«ã€ããŠãåãããšãèšãã----æ¬ã¯ãæ ¹åŒ·ãä¿¡ããããŠããããã«ãäžçã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
æ¬ã¯äžçãšãšãã«ãªãŸãŒã ã«ãªãã
æ¬ãšäžçãšã®éå¹³è¡çé²åãšãããã®ãããã®ã ã
æ¬ã¯äžçã®è±é ååã確ããªãã®ã«ããã
ããã©ãäžçã¯æ¬ã®åé ååãè¡ãªããä»åºŠã¯ãã®æ¬ãããèªäœãšããŠäžçã®äžã§ã¿ããããè±é ååããã®ã§ãã (æ¬ã«ãã®èœåãããããªããã€å®éã«ããã§ãããªãã°)ã
æ¬æ ã¯ãäºå è«çè«çã«åŸå±ããŠããã®ã§ããŸã£ããç°ãªã£ãæ§è³ªãæã€çŸè±¡ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯å®ã«ãŸããæŠå¿µã§ããã
é°ãæšã®å¹¹ãåçŸããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããšã¯ãã«ã¡ã¬ãªã³ãåšå²ã®ããŸããŸãªè²ãåçŸããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã®ãšåãã§ããã
ãã³ã¯ã»ãã³ãµãŒã¯äœãç䌌ããŠããã®ã§ããªãããäœãåçŸããŠããã®ã§ããªãã
äžçãèªåã®è²ã«ããã³ã¯ã«ãã³ã¯ãéããŠå¡ã£ãŠããã®ã ã
ããã¯äžçãžã®åœŒã®çæå€åã§ããããã®çµæåœŒèªèº«ãç¥èŠã§ããªããªããéæå³çã«ãªããèªå·±ã®åæããåºæã®éèµ°ç·ãçã¿åºãã圌ã®ãéå¹³è¡çé²åããæãŠãŸã§æã£ãŠããã®ã ã
æ€ç©ãã¡ã®æºæ §----ããšãæ ¹ãããªãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠããæ€ç©ã«ã¯å€ãšãããã®ããããããã§äœããšãšãã«----颚ããåç©ãã人éãšå ±ã«ãªãŸãŒã ã«ãªã (ãããŠãŸãåç©ãã¡èªèº«ããããã«äººéãã¡ãããªãŸãŒã ã«ãªãå±é¢ãšãããã®ããã)ã
ãããããã®äžã«æ€ç©ãå§åçã«äŸµå ¥ãããšãã®é¶é ãã
ããã«ãªãŸãŒã çãªçæå€åã®äŸãšããŠããåŒçšãããããã³ã¯ãã³ãµãŒããåºãŠããããäžçãèªåã®è²ã«ããã³ã¯ã«ãã³ã¯ãéããŠå¡ã£ãŠããããšããã®ã¯ãåãšããŠã®ããã³ã¯ãã³ãµãŒãã§ã察象ãšããŠèæ¯ããåºåãããããã§ããªãããããªèªå·±ãšå¯Ÿè±¡ãåºå¥ããéçãªé·æèšæ¶ã«éãããããšãªããéåãã€ã€äœåããæèŠèšæ¶ã«ãšã©ãŸãè²åœ©ãšããŠã®ããã³ã¯ãã³ãµãŒãããç¥èŠãåºå¥ãã¥ããäŸãšããŠç€ºããŠãããäžçãèµ€ã«å ããããã°çæ°ã瀺ããæŒé»ã«ãªãã°ã»ã»ã»ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã¯ã忝ãšèæ¯ãåºå¥ã察象ã確å®ããç¥èŠã®æ£åžžãªäœåãèŠèŸŒãããšã¯ã§ããªãã
â»ããã³ã¯ã®è±¹ã(1964)ã®ãªãŒããã³ã°åºç€ã§ããã³ã¯ãã³ãµãŒã¯ãã³ã¯ã®äžããç»å Žããäžç€ã§ã¯ãã³ã¯ã®ãã³ãã§æåãæžããçµç€ã§ã¯æ¿ããã³ã¯ã®äžã§åãåãã
ããã§ãæ¬ããåºãŠããã®ã¯ã«ã¹ã¿ããã®èæžã«é¢ããè«äºãèªãæ(ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒ)ã®å¿µé ã«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããšãµãšæããã«ã¹ã¿ããã®æ¬ã®äž»äººå
¬ãã³ã»ãã¡ã³ãå®åšãããã©ãããšããè«äºã ãããèªãæã¯ããã«äžçãã察象ãåºå¥ãããªãªãžãã«ãšã³ããŒãåºå¥ããã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ããèŠåºããŠãããããããæ»ãä¹±ãã«ã¹ã¿ããã®æ¹ã«æ¥è¿ããŠããã
ããšãŒããåžã£ãŠèŠéç¶æ ã«å ¥ããã³ã»ãã¡ã³ãšçå£ã®ãããŠã¹ã»ããŒã飲ãã§ãã³ã»ãã¡ã³ã»ããã¥ã¹ãçºæ³ãããšããã«ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããµããã³ãšãããŠãšãããæ€ç©ããšãããšã®ç°çš®ã®å ±é²åãæãããŠããããããããã®äžã«æ€ç©ãå§åçã«äŸµå ¥ãããšãã®é¶é ããããã¯ãæ¬ããçåœã®åºå¥ããè§£æŸãããªãŸãŒã ç¶ã«ãããšèªãæã¯èšãã®ã§ãããã«ã¹ã¿ããã¯ãããããã£ãšå ã§ããã®ããã ã«ãã£ãæ€ç©ãä»åºŠã¯èªåã®çš®åããŸãæ£ãããšãããã¿ã¯ãããã®æ€ç©ã®ïŒã€ïŒã€ããçºããæ°Žã®æµãã«ããããããšã«ãã£ãŠãã¿ã®é åãæ®ããããšãã§ããã ãããã(åäž p.32)
ãæ ¹ããæã¡ãæ¶²åããæ°åããããæ€ç©ãã¯ãç§ãã¡ãæµäœäžçã«ãµãããããªãŸãŒã ç¶ãžå€å®¹ãããçãç©ãªã®ã ãããç§ãã¡ãå°å±€çäžçããè±é ååãããæµäœäžçã«åé ååãããæ€ç©ãã¡ããã
â
ãããªãé ãããžãšãã¡ããèªããªãããããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒ(èªãæ)ã¯ãä»åºŠã¯å€§äžæ®µããã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ããæ¯ãåããããªå£èª¿ã«å€ãã£ãŠããå°å³äœè£œæ³ãcartographiãšãè€åè¡ãdécalcomanieã¯ç°ãªãããšå«ã³å§ãããåŸè ã®èšèãè³ã«ãããšããã¯ã¹ã»ãšã«ã³ã¹ããç§å£ä¿®é ã®äœåãæãèµ·ãããŠããŸãããã©ããã¡ãã£ãšéããè€åreproductibleãšèšãæãããšãããããèªãæã¯è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®åçç£ã®æ¹ã«é¢é£ãããŠããããã ããŸãã¯ãã®ãåçãããåŸèŽããããåé ããæ¹å€ã®ããŒã³ãã ãã¶é«ãã ã
5°ããã³6°----å°å³äœè£œæ³ããã³è€åè¡ã®åçã
ïŒã€ã®ãªãŸãŒã ã¯æ§é çãŸãã¯çæçãªããããªãã¢ãã«ã«ãäŸåããªãã
ãªãŸãŒã ã¯çæè»žãšã深局æ§é ãšãã£ã芳念ãšã¯ãããç¡çžã§ããã
çæè»žãšã¯ç¶èµ·çãªæ®µéãããã«ããšã¥ããŠçµç¹ããã客äœçå転軞ççµ±äžã®ãããªãã®ã§ãããæ·±å±€æ§é ãšã¯ããããç¡åªä»ã®æ§æç©ã«åè§£ãããåºç€ã®ã€ãªããã®ãããªãã®ã§ããããã®äžæ¹ã§ç£åºããããã®ã®çµ±äžæ§ã¯å¥ã®æ¬¡å ãžãšãã€ãŸããå€åœ¢ãè¡ãªã䞻芳çãªæ¬¡å ãžãšç§»è¡ããã
ããããŠäººã¯æš¹æšããããã¯æ ¹----çŽæ ¹ãªããã²ãæ ¹ãšãã衚象çã¢ãã«ããäžæ©ãåºãŠããªãã®ã (äŸãã°ããã§ã ã¹ããŒçãªãæš¹ããããã§ãåºç€ã®ã€ãªããã«çµã³ã€ããããäºå è«çè«çã«ãããã£ãŠã¿ãããã®ç£åºã®éçšã衚象ããŠãã)ã
å®ã«å€ããããæèã®å€çš®ã«ãããªãã
çæè»žãããã¯æ·±å±€æ§é ã«ã€ããŠãããããã¯ãããããŸãäœãããè€åã®åçãç¡éã«è€è£œå¯èœãªåçã§ãããšèšãããã
æš¹æšã®è«çã¯ãã¹ãŠè€åãšè€è£œã®çè«ã§ããã
èšèªåŠã«ãããŠã粟ç¥åæã«ãããŠãããã®è«çã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã¯ããèªäœè¡šè±¡çãªç¡æèã§ãããã³ãŒãåããã諞ã³ã³ãã¬ãã¯ã¹ãšãªã£ãŠçµæ¶ããçæè»žäžã«é 眮ããããããã¯é£èŸçæ§é ã®äžã«é åãããç¡æèã§ããã
ãã®è«çã®ç®æšã¯çŸå®ã®ç¶æ ãåè¿°ããããšã§ãããçžäºäž»èгç諞é¢ä¿ã®åè¡¡ãå埩ããããšã§ããããããã¯èšæ¶ãšèšèªã®æãçé ã«ã²ããã§ããŠããã§ã«ããã«ããç¡æèãæ¢ãããšã§ããã
ãã®è«çã¯ããã£ããåºæ¥äžãã£ããã®ãšããŠæã«å ¥ãäœãã®ãããè¶ ã³ãŒãåããæ§é ããåºçºããŠããããã¯æ¯ããšãªã軞ããåºçºããŠè€åããããšã«åããŠããã
æš¹æšã¯ããŸããŸãªèŒ»å°ãåç¯ãããã€éå±€åããã
è€åã®æ¹ã¯æš¹æšã®èã®ãããªãã®ã ã
åã®äžã«ãããšããæ¯å©ãšããŠã®ãæ ¹ãããã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãæèã®ãçæè»žãããæ·±å±€æ§é ãã®ããã«æ±ãã®ã¯ã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ããäœãåºãã衚象ã¢ãã«ãã®æ å ã«åãŸãããã§ãããã衚象ãreprésentationãšããã¢ãã«ã¯åçŸreprésentationã®å¯èœæ§ãšããæ çµã¿ãèšå®ãããè€åã®åçãç¡éã«è€è£œå¯èœãªåçããäœãããäºåæ³ããäœåããããšèªãæã¯ç±åŒãããè€åreproduction(åçç£)ãé¡ãã°ãèµ·æºã«èŸ¿ãçããšãããéå ããªãèãæ¹ããã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ããšããå®çŽãªæèããå°åºãããŠãããšããã®ã§ããã
èªãæã¯ããã®äœ¿ãå€ãããæèæé ããèšèªåŠã粟ç¥åæã«ãæš©åãæ¯ãã£ãŠããŠãèšèªã«ãããŠèªãããšèªäœããã®ç¯å²å ã«ãšã©ãããã§ã ã¹ããŒãªãèšèªã®æš¹æšã®é ç¹S(sentence)ã«ãããã€ããªããªã€ãã£ãã¹ã®<ãã-ãã-ãã¯>ã«éå ããŠãå€åŽãããè¶ ã³ãŒãåããããæ§é ã«ãã£ãŠãèšèèªäœã®å€æ°å€æ§æ§ãåãã§ããŸãæš©åãè¡äœ¿ããŠããããšããã®ã ã倿°å€æ§æ§ããŸãã¯å€æ§äœãšéŠèš³ãããmultiplicitéããèªãæã¯ãæ ¹ãã§ã¯ãªããèãã§ãããªãŸãŒã (æ ¹è)ãšè¡šçŸããŠããã
ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã«èªå°ãããŠãã¯ãã¬ãã«ã®æ¿æ²»ååŠã®äžã«è¿·ã蟌ãã§ããŸã£ãããããšã次ã«åºãŠãããè€åãã®å¯ŸçŸ©èªã®ããã«çšãããããå°å³ããšããèªã¯ã©ãããã®multiplicitéã®å°å³ã§ããããã¡ããã€ã¡ãŒãžããçŽã«æžããããã¢ãã¿ãŒã§ç¢ºèªã§ãããããªãå°å³ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã ããããšããããšã¯ãªããšãªãããã£ãŠããã
ãªãŸãŒã ã¯ãããšã¯å šãç°ãªããã®ã§ãå°å³ã§ãã£ãŠè€åã§ã¯ãªãã
è€åã§ã¯ãªããå°å³ãäœãããšã
èã¯éèã®è€åãåçŸããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããªãŸãŒã ã®ãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠéèãšãšãã«å°å³ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã ã
å°å³ãè€åã«å¯Ÿç«ããã®ã¯ãããããã¹ãŠãçŸå®ãšããã«ã€ãªãã£ãå®éšã®æ¹ãžåããŠããããã§ããã
å°å³ã¯èªå·±ã«éãããã£ãç¡æèãè€è£œãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããç¡æèãæ§ç¯ããã®ã ã
å°å³ã¯è«žåéã®æ¥ç¶ã«åãããåšå®ãªã身äœã®å°éè§£é€ã«ããããåšå®ãªã身äœãåç«å¹³é¢äžãžãšæå€§éã«éãããšã«åããã
å°å³ã¯ããèªäœãªãŸãŒã ã®äžéšåããªããŠããã®ã ã
å°å³ã¯éããããã®ã§ãããããã倿Žãåãå ¥ããããšãå¯èœãªãã®ãåè§£å¯èœãè£è¿ãå¯èœãªãã®ã§ãããããã倿Žãåãå ¥ããããšãå¯èœãªãã®ã§ããã
ããã¯åŒãè£ãããè£è¿ãããããããæ§è³ªã®ã¢ã³ã¿ãŒãžã¥ã«é©å¿ããäžå人ãäžã°ã«ãŒããäžç€ŸäŒéå£ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠå®è¡ã«ç§»ããããã
ãããå£ã«æãã®ãããããèžè¡äœåãšããŠãšãããã®ããããæ¿æ²»è¡åãšããŠãããã¯çæ³ãšããŠæ§ç¯ããã®ãããã
å€åãªãŸãŒã ã®ãã¡ã°ãéèŠãªæ§è³ªã®ïŒã€ã¯ãã€ãã«å€æ°ã®å ¥å£ãæã€ãšããããšã ã
ãã®æå³ã§å·£ç©Žã¯1åã®åç©çãªãŸãŒã ã§ããããšããšããŠç§»åéè·¯ãšããŠã®éèµ°ç·ãšã貯èµãŸãã¯äœå± çšã®è«žå°å±€ãšã®ããã ã«æç¢ºãªåºå¥ãæã£ãŠãã (ãžã£ã³ãŠããºããåç §ãã)ã
å°å³ã¯å€æ°ã®å ¥å£è©±æã£ãŠãããããã¯ã€ãã«ãåããã®ãã«ãã©ãè€åãšã¯æ£å察ã§ããã
å°å³ã¯éçšã®åé¡ã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿããè€åã¯ã€ãã«ä»®å®ããããèœåãã«ããããã
粟ç¥åæã粟ç¥åæã®èœå----ã©ããªæ¬²æãèšè¡šãçæè»žãããã¯è¶ ã³ãŒãåçæ§é ã«åŒãå¯ãããã®è»žäžã®è«žæ®µéããŸãã¯ãã®æ§é ã®è«žèŠçŽ ã®å調ãªèŒ»å°ãç¡éã«äœãåºã粟ç¥åæã®èœåãšã¯å察ã«ãåè£åæ(ã¹ããŸã¢ããªãŒãº)ã¯è»¢åããã宿åœã®ã©ããªèŠ³å¿µãæçµ¶ããã
ãã®å®¿åœã«äžããããŠããåãç¥çãèæžç¥ç§è§£éç(ã¢ããŽãžãã¯)ãæŽå²çãçµæžçãæ§é çãéºäŒçããããã¯é£èŸçãªã©ã©ããªãã®ã§ãããæçµ¶ããã®ã ã
ãã¢ã³ãã»ãªã€ãã£ãã¹ã以æ¥ãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã䜿ããæ©æ¢°ãmachineãšããèªãããã ãããã¡ããæ¥åžžäœ¿ãèšèã«ãã³ãã€ããã€ã¡ãŒãžãåŒãå¥ãããªããšãããªããããªåŠãªå§åãããå°å³ãcarteã«ãããã£ãŠããããã¢ã€ã¢ã€ã§è¡ãããšããæ¹éã§ããããããã¢ã€ã¢ã€ãå€åŽããçºãããããªããšã¯ãããªããšãã¢ã€ã¢ã€ã®äžã«åŒã£åŒµã蟌ãŸããæãã ã
ãããšããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®äºè²ã®å£°ãäºéã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã«ãããããŠæ°ã¥ããã粟ç¥ãã®ãæš¹æšç¶ã€ã¡ãŒãžããšãªãŸãŒã ã察ç«ãããŠããããã«èŠãã圌(圌ã)ã®èªãæ¹ã¯ããªãŸãŒã ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãž(ã€ã¡ãŒãžãã«ããã€ã¡ãŒãžã ã)ã«ãã¡ããèªãããã«ãã²ãšãŸãã¯æ¢æã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãå€åœ¢ãããããšããæç¶ãäžã®æŠç¥ãªã®ã ãããšããããšãã
ã©ãã§åããŠãã¡ãããŠããããªãŸãŒã ãã倿°ã®ç©Žãæã€ãªãŸãŒã ãžã®èŠèŠã€ã¡ãŒãžã§èªãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®èšèã¯ãã¡ãã£ãšãã¡ãã®æçŽããæãé£ã£ãŠãããŠãããšæããããã ãããã®åªããã¯multiplicitéã®å€æ§æ§(ã©ãã§ãåãã)ãšå€æ°æ§(倿°ã®ç©Ž)ããã©ãã©ã«ããŠèªããšãããªã¹ã¯ãæ ã£ãŠããããšã¯ãã¡ããçè§£ã§ããããå€åãªãŸãŒã ã®ãã¡ã°ãéèŠãªæ§è³ªã®ïŒã€ã¯ãã€ãã«å€æ°ã®å ¥å£ãæã€ãšããããšã ããšèšãéã«ã圌(圌ã)ã¯ã¡ãã£ãšèšãæ·ãããã«ãå€åããšçºè©±ããããã§ããã
â
ãã®çŽåŸã«ããšãã°ã©ãã«åŒçšãããããã«ããŠãããããã¯ãå°å³ãšè€åãããŸãã§è¯ãé¢ãšæªããé¢ãšãã£ããµãã«å¯Ÿç«ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠãåãªãäºå è«ãåçŸããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?ããšããèšèã«ãªã(欲åãšéšå察象ããªã€ãã£ãã¹ã«è€åããã¡ã©ããŒã»ã¯ã©ã€ã³ãéé£ããåŸã§)ãã¡ãã£ãšã¢ãžããŒã·ã§ã³ã匷ãŸããããŠãçžæã®çœ ã«ããã£ããããªèšãæ¹ãããããšãã¡ãã®ç¬ããèªãããšããŠããã®ãããããªãã
ãšããããåé¡ã¯æ¹æ³ãªã®ã§ããââè€åãã€ãã«å°å³ã«ãã©ããªããã°ãªããªãããšããèšèãç®åãã«ãããŸã§æããŠãããã®ãããªç²Ÿç¥åæãžã®æ¹å€ãå§ãŸãã(ãã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠã¯ç¬¬2ãã©ããŒã1914幎----çŒã¯ãã 1å¹ãæ°å¹ã?ãã®èœæžãã®éã«ããŸããããšã«ããŠãä»åã¯ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®ç²Ÿç¥åæãžã®æ€ããåãæ¢ããããšã«ãšã©ããŠããããã
é ·ããªããèŽããŠãããšãã»ã©ãã¹ããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããåã«ã¯ããããšãžã®èªãæã®é£œããªãæ¹å€ã¯ãã»ã©ãã¹ãããæš¡åããåŽãã«ç«ã€ãšããæš©åãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«è¡äœ¿ãç¶ããç¹ã«ãããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯ãã®å±éºã«æããç¶ããããšã«éäžããŠããããããŠããã«ãåé·æ§ããšããèªãåºãŠããããããšããçš®ãèšèªãæã€ããšã§ç²åŸããèŠããªããã®ãèŠããŠãããã®ããäºæ³ããèœå(ãã€ããœã³ãåé·æ§ãšã³ãŒãåãã粟ç¥ã®çæ åŠãžãäžå·»åç §)ãæ¹å€ã®ä¿äžã«èŒããããŠããããã ããããè€åã¯å®ã«å±éºãªã®ã ãããã¯åé·æ§ã泚ããã¿ããããäŒæç¹æ®ããããã
ãã§ã«å žåçãªå¹Œå 粟ç¥åæã«ãããŠã幌ããã³ã¹ã«èµ·ãã£ãŠããããšãèŠãããã----ããã<圌ã®ãªãŸãŒã ã¯ãããã>ã<圌ã®å°å³ã¯ãããã>ããã®å°å³ã¯äœçœ®ãæ£ãããããããåºå£ã¯å¡ãããŠãã€ãã«åœŒã¯èªåèªèº«ã®æ¥èŸ±ãšçœªæªæãæãã«è³ãã圌ã®ãã¡ã«æ¥èŸ±ãšçœªæªæã<ææç(ãã©ããŒ)>ãæ ¹ãçãã (圌ã«å¯ŸããŠå»ºç©ã®ãªãŸãŒã ãæ¬¡ã«è¡è·¯ã®ãªãŸãŒã ãå°éããã圌ã¯å©çšå¿ã®ãããã®äžã«æ ¹ãçããã»ã©éã¥ãã«ãããèªåã®èäœã®äžã«åŽæ ¹ãçããããããã€ãå çã«éçžãã«ãããã®ã )ã
(äžç¥)
ãªãŸãŒã ããµããããæš¹æšåãããŠããŸã£ããããããããŸãã§ããã¯ãäœäžã€æ¬²æããåºãŠãã¯ããªãã
ãªããªã欲æãåãäœããçã¿åºãã®ã¯ã€ãã«ãªãŸãŒã ãéããŠãªã®ã ããã
欲æãæš¹æšã«ãããããšå¿ ãå çãªäžéãèµ·ãã£ãŠããããæ¬²æãæ«æãããæ»ã«å°ãã
ãšããããªãŸãŒã ã¯å€çãã€çç£çãªå¢ãã«ãã£ãŠæ¬²æã«åããããã®ã ã
äžã®åŒçšã§ãè€åããæš¹æšåããã以åã®ãå°å³ãããªãŸãŒã ã®ãå°å³ããšããèããããããåºãŠãããéäžãäžç¥ããã®ã¯ããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®æããèšèãæãã€ããããã«ããŠããã€ããšã¡ã©ããŒã»ã¯ã©ã€ã³ã匷ãèªèª¿ã§æ¹å€(ããã眵å)ããŠããã®ã§ãæ°æã¡ããèŽããŠããŸã£ãããã ããããŠãäžç¥ããåŸã«åœŒ(圌ã)ã®æãããããŸã£ããšããã§ããªãŸãŒã ãšæ¬²æã®é¢ä¿ã€ããŠèªããšãããåŒçšããã
欲æãåãããªãŸãŒã ãã¢ã€ã¢ã€ãããã®ãšããŠåç¶ãããŠããæèŠå šäœããäœããããããªã€ã¡ãŒãžã圌(圌ã)ã¯ãå°å³ããšåŒãã§ããããã ããããªãµãã«ä»®æ¢ãã§ãããšãããŸã§ããããšæžŠå·»ãç¶ã®æµäœäžçã«ããã®ãå¿ããŠåæã«çŽåŸããŠããŸã£ãã

â
æããå€å°ãããŸã£ãã®ããããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ããå¹³éãªå£èª¿ã§ããè€åãã§ã¯ãªããå°å³ããäœãããšãèªãåºãããã¡ãããã¬ã¿ãªã®ãå°å³äœæã(cartographie)ããããªããšäœèšãªäºåç¥èãåºãŠããŠèº«æ§ããŠããŸããã©ãããããã®ãå°å³ããã©ããã£ãŠäœ¿ããããã«ããã®ãããšããã¹ãããã«ããŠããããã ã
ã ãããããããïŒã€ã®æäœãæ£å察ã ããã©ã察称çã§ãªãæäœã詊ã¿ãããšãå®ã«éèŠãªã®ã§ããã
è€åãå°å³ã«ã€ãªãçŽãããšãæ ¹ãŸãã¯æš¹æšããªãŸãŒã ã«ããããããšã ã
幌ããã³ã¹ã®çäŸã«ãããŠãç¡æèãç ç©¶ããããšã¯ãå®¶æã®äœãå®¶ã§ãã£ãŠããŸã建ç©ãè¡è·¯ãã®ä»ã®éèµ°ç·ã§ãã£ãŠã圌ãããã«ãªãŸãŒã ãäœãäžããããšããã瀺ãããšã§ãããåäŸãå®¶æã®ãã¡ã«ã¿ããããæ ¹ã¥ãããç¶ã®å§¿ã®ããšã§åçã«æ®ãããæ¯ã®ãããã§è€åããã以äžãããã«ãããã®éèµ°ç·ãå°éãããŠããããšããããšããããŠããã«ããã€ãå çã®ä»å ¥ãããŸããŸãªæ å(ã¢ãã§ã¯ã)ã®äž»äœåããã·ããã£ã¢ã³ã«ããæš©å奪åãä¿èšŒããŠããããããã«åäŸããæ¥èŸ±çãã€çœªæªçãªãã®ãšããŠæãããã<åç©ã«ãªã>ãšãã圢ã®ããšã§ããããã¯ãéèµ°ã§ããªããããšããããšã瀺ãããšã§ããã ãã (幌ããã³ã¹ã<銬ã«ãªãããš>ãããã¯ãŸãã«æ¿æ²»çéžæã )ã
ããã©ãã€ãã«å°å³ã®äžã«è¢å°è·¯ã眮ãçŽããããããŠè¢å°è·¯ãå¯èœãªéèµ°ç·ã«åãã£ãŠéããŠããã¹ãã§ãããã
ã°ã«ãŒãã®å°å³ã«ã€ããŠãåãããšãããã----ãªãŸãŒã ã®ã©ããªç¹ã§éå£åãå®åçµç¹ããªãŒããŒã·ããããã¡ãã·ã§çã ã®çŸè±¡ã圢äœãããã®ããã«ããããããã©ããªç·ããããšãå°äžã®ç·ã§ãã£ãŠããåç¶ããŠã人ç¥ãããªãŸãŒã ãäœãç¶ããŠããã®ãããšããããšã瀺ãããšã
ãã¥ãªããŒã»ã¡ãœãã----èªéçã®åäŸã®ä»çš®ãåãã®å°å³ãäœãããšãåã1人ã®åäŸã幟人ãã®åäŸã«å¯ŸããŠããã€ãã®å°å³ãçµã¿åãããããšã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ã
確ãã«ããã§ãªãã¯ã¹ã»ã¬ã¿ãªãåè£åæçå°å³äœææ³ã(1988)ãæãèµ·ããéšåã ãããã®è©³çްãçããªããããå°å³äœæããšããè¡çºã®ãã¯ãæ¿æ²»çãªç¹åŸŽã端çã«è¡šçŸãããŠããããã«æãããããèšèªä»¥åã®ãã€ãããã¯ãªäžçã®å°å³åã¯ç¹ã«æ±æŽã§æŒèŒçŸ ã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããèšèªã«æå³åç¯ãããéçšã¯é¿é Œè¶èãšããŠèšå®ãããŠããããšãšå¯Ÿç §ãããšãããã«ãã®ãå°å³äœè£œããšããè¡çºãæ¿æ²»çãªãæäœãã§ããããšããããããã§ããã(ããã³ã¹ã<銬ã«ãªãããš>ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãä»åã¯çç¥ã)
ãè€åãå°å³ã«ã€ãªãçŽãããšãæ ¹ãŸãã¯æš¹æšããªãŸãŒã ã«ããããããšããšãããæäœãã¯ãæ±æŽææ³ãªããä¿äžããšåŒã¶äžçããé¢ããŠè¡ããããããå°å³äœè£œãã¯ãä¿äžããå€ããããšã«äž»çŒã眮ããŠãããšèšããããã ãã€ãŸããã¯ãã¬ãã«ããé©åœãèµ·ãããæäœããšããŠåŒ·èª¿ãããŠããã®ã§ãããå人ã®ãå°å³ãã ãã§ãªããéå£ãã®ãå°å³ããäœããšããè¡çºã¯ãåãªãå人ã®å¿çãåºç¹ãšããéå£ã®è¡åãçµ±èšåããããŒã¿ãšããŠæ±ãããšãšã¯ç°ãªãããã ããå°å³äœè£œãè ãšã®é¢ä¿ãããã«å ¥ãããã§ããã
ãšããã®ããããã¥ãªããŒã»ã¡ãœããããäŸã«ç޹ä»ããããå°å³äœè£œãã®ãæäœãã¢ãã«ã«ã¯ããèªéçã®åäŸã®ä»çš®ãåãã®å°å³ãäœãããšãåã1人ã®åäŸã幟人ãã®åäŸã«å¯ŸããŠããã€ãã®å°å³ãçµã¿åãããããšããšãããäœè£œè ãšã®äžæçã§äžç¢ºããªåã ã®ãä»çš®ãåããã®é¢ä¿ãå ¥ãã®ã§ããããã®ãçµã¿åããããå€å çã«ãã€ã¢ã°ã©ã (å³åŒ)åããããšãæ±ããããŠããããã ã(倿°å€æ§ãªãã®å°å³ã®äœææ³ã4ã€ã®æ©èœçŽ ã§å€æ¬¡å åãããŠæ§æãããç¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã¬ã¿ãªã®åæ²æžãåç §ã)
ãå°å³ãªãããªãŸãŒã ãæ¬è³ªçã«å€æ°ã®å ¥å£ãæã€ãšããããšãçå®ãªããå¿ èŠãªçšå¿ãããäžã§ã®ããšã ããè€åã®éãæš¹æš-æ ¹ã®éè·¯ã«ãã£ãŠãããã«å ¥ãããšãã§ãããšããããšããèå¯ã«å ¥ããã¹ãã ããã(åäž p.38)ãšããèšèã«ç¶ããŠã(ããã§ããŸãããæçäºå è«ã«ãã ãã£ãŠã¯ãªããªã)ããšå ããèªãæã®äºè²ã®å£°ã¯ããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ãŒæãšããªã¹ãæã®æè¡·ãã宿以æ¥ã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ãã«ãã£ãŠãããããŠã³æš©å(èªãæã¯ãã®æš©åã«ããäœå¶ãããã©ãã€ã¢ããšåŒã¶)ãè¡äœ¿ãç¶ãã瀟äŒãå€é©ãžåããå ¥å£ã瀺ãããšããŠããã®ãããããªãã
äŸãã°ãããããã¯ãã°ãã°ãè¢å°è·¯ã®äžããããããšãäœåãªããããããŸããŸãªæå³åœ¢æçæš©åãäž»äœçææ ãçµç±ããããšããªã€ãã£ãã¹çããã©ãã€ã¢ç圢æäœã«äŸæ ããããšããããã¯ãã£ãšæªãããšã«ããã®ä»ã®å€åœ¢æäœãå¯èœã«ãã硬åããé åæ§ã«äŸæ ããããšãäœåãªããããã ããã
粟ç¥åæãã®ãã®ããäŸæ ãã¹ãç¹ãšããŠ----ããããã®æã«åããŠã®ããšã§ã¯ããã----圹ç«ã€ãšããããšããããããã®ã ã
ä»ã®å Žåã¯éã«ãå°å±€ãçžè£ãããæ ¹ãæã¡åã£ãŠãæ°ããªæ¥ç¶ãããããšãèš±ããããªéèµ°ç·ã«çŽæ¥äŸæ ããããšã«ãªãã ããã
äžã®åŒçšã§èªãããŠããã®ã¯æŠç¥ãªã®ã ãããå°å³ãã®æ¹ã¯ãæäœããšãšãã«å€å®¹ãããšããç¹ã§ãäžè¬ã«ã€ã¡ãŒãžãããæŠç¥ã®ãå°å³ããšã¯éããæŠç¥ãšããŠã¯ãããããŠã³åã®äœå¶(é åæ§)ã«ãäŸæ ãããŠããå°å±€ãçžè£ãããæ ¹ãæã¡åã£ãŠãæ°ããªæ¥ç¶ãããããšãèš±ããããªéèµ°ç·ã«çŽæ¥äŸæ ããããšããã確ãã«ãéå¡ããã®è§£æŸãšããèªç±ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã§èªããšã©ããå€é¢šãªæããããŠããŸãã®ã¯ããããŸã§èããŠãããå°å³ãã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãå€ããå§ãããããããããªãã(ã¯ã£ãããšãå€ãã£ãããšã¯èšããããªãã®ã ãã)
â
ãããªããšãèããŠãããããšæµ®ãã¶èãã®äžãé¡å·¡ããŠãããšãèªãæã¯ãããªããŸãšãã¿ãããªããšãèšãå§ããŠããããããŸã§ã粟ç¥ãã®ãäºåæ³ãã«ãäŸæ ããããã®ããã«åºå¥ããŠèšã£ãŠããã®ã¯ãåã ã»ããã«ãªã£ããã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ãããªã®ã ãšããããã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ããã»ã»ã»ãããã ã£ãããã£ããå¿ããŠããããããã¯æµäœçãªäžçã ã£ãã®ã§ãããé床é ããèŠããŠããã®ã ããããããŸãæ £ããã®ããããªãããã ã
ãšããããã§ãå°å³-è€åããªãŸãŒã -æ ¹ãšãã£ãå®ã«ããŸããŸãªã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ããããããããã¯ããŸããŸã«å€åããè±é ååã®ä¿æ°ããšããªã£ãŠããã
ãªãŸãŒã ã®ãã¡ã«ãæš¹æšãæ ¹ã®æ§é ãååšããã
ããã©ããŸãåå¯Ÿã«æš¹æšã®æãæ ¹ã®äžçããªãŸãŒã ãšããŠçºèœãã¯ãããããšãããããã®ã ã
ãã®å€å®ã¯ãã®å Žåãäžè¬æŠå¿µãåæãšããçè«çåæã«ããã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªããŠãããããã®å€æ§äœãããã¯åŒ·åºŠã®éåã圢æãããã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ã«ãããã£ãŠããã
æš¹æšã®äžæ žã«ãæ ¹ã®çªªã¿ãããã¯æã®ã€ãæ ¹ã®ãšããã«ãäœãæ°ããªãªãŸãŒã ã圢äœãããããšãããããã
ãããã¯ãæš¹æš-æ ¹ã®æ¥µåŸ®ãªèŠçŽ ã§ããåŽæ ¹ãããªãŸãŒã ãçã¿åºã糞å£ã«ãªãããšãããã
ç°¿èšã圹æä»äºã¯è€åã«ãã£ãŠé²ãããã----ã«ããããããããããçºèœãã¯ããããªãŸãŒã ã®èã䌞ã°ãã¯ãããããšãããã
ã¡ããã©ã«ãã«ã®å°èª¬ã«ãããããã«ã
ãã匷床ã®ç¹æ§ãã¿ãããäœçšãã¯ãããå¹»èŠçç¥èŠãå ±æèŠãåé¯çãªçªç¶å€ç°ãã€ããŒãžã¥ã®æ¯ããªã©ãçªåºãããšãã·ããã£ã¢ã³ã®èŠæš©ã¯çåã«ä»ãããããšã«ãªãã
身æ¯ãç-é»åç-鿝çãšãã£ãèšå·äœçšãåäŸã«ãããŠèªç±ãåãæ»ãããè€åããããã€ãŸãæåž«ã®èšèªã®æ¯é çèœåãã身ãããé¢ã----ïŒã€ã®æ¥µåŸ®ãªåºæ¥äºãå±å°çæš©åã®åè¡¡ãèŠãã®ã ã
ããããŠãã§ã ã¹ããŒã®é£èŸã¢ãã«ã«ããšã¥ããŠæ§æãããçææš¹ã¯ãåæ¹å «æ¹ã«åãã£ãŠéãããä»åºŠã¯ãããããªãŸãŒã ã«ãªããããããªãã
ãªãŸãŒã ç¶ã«ãªããšããããšã¯ãæ ¹ã®ããã«èŠããèãç¹ç¶ãç£ã¿åºãããšããããããããå¹¹ã«äŸµå ¥ããŠãããã®æ ¹ãšé£çµãããããããå¥åŠã§æ°ããªçšéã«åœ¹ç«ãŠãããšãèŸããªãèãç¹ç¶ãç£ã¿åºããšããããšã§ããã
ããããã¯æš¹æšã«åŠã¿ç²ããŠããã
ããããã¯ãã¯ãæš¹æšãæ ¹ãããŸãåŽæ ¹ãä¿¡ããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãã
ãããããã®ãææ ¢ããããŠããã®ã ã
æš¹æšç¶ã®æåã®ãã¹ãŠããçç©åŠããèšèªåŠã«è³ããŸã§ããããããã®ã«ããšã¥ããŠããã
éã«ãå°äžèãšç©ºäžæ ¹ãéèãšãªãŸãŒã ã®ä»ã«ã¯ãäœäžã€ãšããŠçŸãããã®ãæã«ããµãããã®ãæ¿æ²»çãªãã®ãªã©ãªãã
ã¢ã ã¹ãã«ãã ããŸã£ããæ ¹ããããªãéœåžãè-éæ²³ãããªãããªãŸãŒã -éœåžãããã§ã¯æçšæ§ããåæ¥çæŠäºæ©æ¢°ãšé¢ä¿ãã€ã€ãæå€§ã®çæ°ãšçµã³ã€ããŠããã
æ§ã ãªãã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ããã«ã¯ãè±é ååã®ä¿æ°ããšããªã£ãŠããããšããäžç¯ã§ããããªã®ããšæã£ãããšããã£ãããä¿æ°ããšããèªã®ãããã ããy=2xããšããç°¡ååŒã«ãåºãŠãããå³èŸºã«ããã2ãã®éšåã ãããã¯ãxãã®ãããªå€æ°ãã©ã®ããã倧ãããŸãã¯å°ãããªãããã®åºŠåãã衚ãããšãŠãåºæ¬çãªåŒ·åºŠã®è¡šçŸããã§ãããy=2xãåé åŒãšåŒã¶ãããªé ç®éã®é¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãªãã匷床(床åã)ã®é¢ä¿ãšããŠã®æ§ã ãªã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ããéãªãåããå°å³ãã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžããŒãããæµ®ãã¶ã確ãã«ã¢ã€ã¢ã€ããŠããã
ããªãŸãŒã ããã¢ã€ã¢ã€ããŠã¢ãžã£ã¢ãžã£ããå€çš®å€æ°å€æ§å€éå€å ãªã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ããããšãã床åããšããé ç®ãåããªãé¢ä¿ããèªäœã衚ããšèãããšã芳念ãšå°è±¡ã«çºããææ ãæ åã®åºŠåããããªãã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ãã®ã¢ã€ã¢ã€ã®æ¿æ·¡ã匷匱ã倧å°ã硬è»ã®åºŠåããå€ããããšããå€å°ã€ã¡ãŒãžã§ããããã«ãªããåæã«ãå°è±¡ãšèŠ³å¿µã¯åžžæèº«äœã«çµã³ã€ããŠããã®ã ãããèªåãåããã³ç«ã¡æ¢ãŸããã³ã«æãããèŠãããæ°ã¥ããæãçã ã®ããšããã®åŒ·åºŠã®ãå°å³ãã«ãã®ã€ã©æžã蟌ãŸããã®ã ããã
ãããŸã§èããŠãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®èšèã«ã ãã¶åŸããåã£ãããšã«æ°ã¥ããŠãæ ãŠãŠè¿œããããããšã«ããããå°å³-è€åããªãŸãŒã -æ ¹ãã察ç«ããäºé ã§ã¯ãªãã1ã»ããã®ã¢ã¬ã³ãžã¡ã³ãã®åºŠåãã®éããšèããããšããããããšäž¡è ã¯ãèãšéèãã®ããã«ãäºãã«å ¥ã蟌ã¿ãããããåºãŠããããšãç¹°ãè¿ããŠ(ãè±é ååã/ãåé ååã)ãç°è³ªãªãã®å士ã®ãéå¹³è¡ççºéããç¶ç¶ããŠããããšãæèŠçã«ã€ã¡ãŒãžãããŠããã
èšèãçè§£ããããšãããšèšèã®æ¹ã«è§ŠçºãããŠãæå³ã«æ¢ãŸãããšãé£ãããªã£ãŠãããããããã¡ãã£ãšèžã匵ã£ãŠã¿ãããäžè¬æŠå¿µãåæãšããçè«çåæã«ããã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªããŠãããããã®å€æ§äœãããã¯åŒ·åºŠã®éåã圢æãããã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ã«ãããã£ãŠããããšããããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã®èšèã«æ²¿ã£ãŠé²ãã§ã¿ããšãæš¹æšã®æ¯å©ã®æ±ãã¯ãã¯ãã¬ãã«ãããã®äžçã«é©åœãèµ·ããããšããã¢ãžããŒã·ã§ã³ã®ä¿®èŸã«æããŠãããããã ã£ããããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯äžçãæ»ãåã圹åãã§ãããåã®æŒç®ããæ¬¡ã®æŒç®ã«æ©æž¡ããããµãŒã«ã¹ã®ããšãããããŠé©åœå®¶ã ã£ãã

ãªãŸãŒã (æ ¹è)ã¯ãæ ¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããããª<ãªãŸãŒã -è>ã®èªå·±äž»åŒµãé ã ãŸã§ãæš¹æšç¶ã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ãã§æºããããæåã«äŸµå ¥ããããšããèªãæã®ãã¯ãæ¿æ²»çãªæŠç¥ã¯ãäžæ¹ã§ãäžçå šäœããæ¯ãªããã®ãã®åœä»€ã«æºã¡ãå šç§°åœé¡(â)ãšããŠåãæ¢ããæ²é»ã匷ãããããšãããããçµ±å倱調çã®ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®çç¶ãæããããã®ããã(ãã€ããœã³ãç«åŠã®èŠå°ããèŠãçµ±å倱調ãã粟ç¥ã®çæ åŠãžãäžå·»åç §)ã
仿¹ã§ãèªãæã¯ããã®ãããªæåããã¯ãçæ°ãã®ããã«èŠããã ãããæ ¹ãã®ãªãå Žæãããããšãç¹ç§°åœé¡(â)ãå·®ãæãããã«æåŸã«ç€ºã----ãã¢ã ã¹ãã«ãã ããå°å»ºåœå®¶ãšçµ¶å¯Ÿçæ¿åœå®¶ã®äžã®17-18äžçŽã«éçãèªã£ããéæ²³-èãã瞊暪ã«èµ°ãæµ·ã«éãããéœåžããã«ã«ãã蟿ãçããçµçã®å°ããããŠãã¹ããã¶ãããããåºãŠããåºçã®å°----ã
ãæ ¹èã-éœåžã¯ãã«ã«ã-ã¹ããã¶ãšããã»ããã®åŒ·åºŠã®å°å³ãäœãåºããããšããå«ã¿ã§ãããã®ã ããããèªåã®èšèã«ã¡ãã£ãšé¶é ãããããªèªãæã®èªèª¿ãããããšãããªæ°ãããŠããããšããã®ããåçªã«äœã®è絡ããªããã¢ã ã¹ãã«ãã ããšè© å調ã§ãã®åºæåè©ãåºãŠããããã«æããããã ããã®éœåžã¯ãèªãæãããå°ãåŸã«ãç¹æ®ãªãã®ããšåŒã¶ããšã«ãªã<ãã©ããŒ>ç¶æ ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäŸãªã®ãããããªãã
ãéåã(<ãã¹ãŠ/äžã€ã¯ãã>ã®åºå¥)ã¯ãããšã¯ãªãã¥ãŒã«ããæå³ããè§£æŸããéãšããŠç©ºéã«é åããã®ã ã£ã(ãåº ãªãŸãŒã ã ãåã®ãã©ããŒãäžå·» p.17,18åç §)ããããšãããªãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãã®ç©ºéåããå Žããå°å³ããšåŒãã§ããã®ã ããã?

ã§ããæ¬ãã®è©±ã¯ã©ããªã£ã?
ããçµãã£ã?
ãã€çµãã£ã?
ç¶ãâŠâŠ
â
ä»åã¯40pãŸã§ã§åå°œããããåã®ãã©ããŒãã®ãèœæžããã3å詊ã¿ãŠæ°ã¥ããã®ã¯ãèªãæã®è¡šæ ãèšèã«æ»²ã¿åºãŠãããšããç¹ã ããããããæ¬¡ã ã«ç»å Žããæ°å¥ãªèªãäžè¬æŠå¿µãšããŠåãåºããšãèªãã®è¡šæ ãæ¶ããŠããŸããšããããšããããããã£ãŠãéŠèš³ã®æãçç¥ããŠåŒçšããããšãé£ããå Žåãå€ããªã£ãŠããŸãããšããããããããŸãšããèšäºããèŠãã°ãçŒãå¢ããèšäºã«ãªã£ãŠããããèœæžãããªã®ã§ãã¡ãããç®æ¬¡ããã€ããããªãã
äžæ¹ã§ããããã®ãèœæžãããLLMã䜿ã£ãŠããªãããšã¯ãåŒçšæã®å€ããšããç¹ã§ä»ããããŠããããæ°æã¡ãããã(LLMã§ã¯èäœæš©ã®ããæã«ã€ããŠã¯åŒçšããèŠçŽã§æååãããã®ãäžè¬çã ã) ä»äºã§ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«åãåãæéãå€ããééãã空éã§åº§ã£ããç«ã£ããããŠãã³ã»ãã·ã³ã»ã·ã¹ãã åããŠããã®ã§ãåºãç°å¢ã§èº«äœãåãããŠãããã³ã»ãã€ãã£ãŒã»ã·ã¹ãã åã«ã·ããããæèŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«å¹ã蟌ãã§ããããããšãå¿¿æ£ã倧ãã«ããã
å§çµãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã®ç掻ã«ã¯ããããããŠããã®ã ã(ã©ã¡ãããšããã°ãæš¹æšã®ã€ããŒãžã¥ãã«å¿«æ¥œãæ±ããããããåã®ãã©ããŒãã«å·»ã蟌ãŸããŠããã»ãããããšããæ§çã®ããã§ããã)
ããäžã€ããåã®ãã©ããŒããèœæžãããããšã§æ°ã¥ããããšããããç§ã¯èº«äœããããæ°ããèšèãšãã®äœ¿ãæ¹ãç¿åŸãããã®ã ããåã®ãã©ããŒãã¯ãã®ãããªæ°ããèšèã®èªåŠããã¹ãã§ãããããã®èãã¯ãä»åå°ãã ãèšåããFã»ã¬ã¿ãªãåè£åæçå°å³äœææ³ãã®å€¥ãããå°å³ã(ãã€ã¢ã°ã©ã )ãèŠãªããèªãçµéšãšãã¢ã©ã«ã¯+ã®ã³ãºã®èäœã§ã®èº«äœããããèšèã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã圌ãã®äœåãäœéšãã€ã€èªãããšããããŠãããããããããã¥ã«ãŒãºå²åŠã«åé¡ããããåã®ãã©ããŒãã ããç§ã®æ¥ãæ¹ã¯å€å°ã¬ã¿ãªåŽã«åã£ããã®ãããããªã(ãã¡ãããã¬ã¿ãªã®èäœããçè§£ãããŠããããã§ã¯ãªã)ã
ãšã¯ãããææ«ã«è¿«ã£ãç§»äœã®æºåã§ãçŽã®è³æã¯ã»ãŒæ¢±å ããŠããŸããåºããã®ãªããèœæžããã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã¯ç¢ºãã ãåŠãææ³ã«ããªããªããããèœæžãããšåŒãã§ããã®ã ããããã®ãããªæ¯èšã®é£ãªãããçžå¿ã®æžãæ¹ãªã®ã ãããããããä»ãã°ããã¯ããã¡ããç¥èãã¶ã€ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãåã身ã«ãªãå Žåãå€ããªããç°çãããŸããç©èªãšããæååæãªã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã¯ãŸã ç¶ãããã ã
â»èŠåºãç»åã¯ãä¹±æµã€ã¡ãŒãžããããããšããã«èŠåºããã¬ãªãã«ãã»ãã»ãŽã£ã³ããè»äºéœåžæ§æ³ãšããŠ1502幎ã«äžç©ºããé³¥ç°ããããã«ããŠæããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã»ã€ã¢ã©åžã®éœåžèšç»å°å³ã
éæ²³ã匵ãå·¡ãããäººã®æµããšç©æµã®æµããåé¢ããŠé
ããããšã§ã幟äœåŠçãªåè¡¡ãšæµäœçãªäžåè¡¡ãçµã¿åãããå³ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããããç»åã§ã¯åããŠãããã幟äœåŠçåè¡¡ãç Žãããã«å³äžã®æ¹ã«ã¯ããã£ãå·ã®æµããæãããŠããã
(â»https://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/news/20/052600315/åç
§)
