ego

See also: Ego, égo, égő, ego-, -ego, and его

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Eggon.

Symbol

ego

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eggon.

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egobor.

English ego

Borrowed from Latin ego (“I”). Chosen by Freud’s translator as a translation of his use of German Ich as a noun for this concept from the pronoun ich (“I”). Doublet of I and Ich.

Pronunciation

(MLE) IPA^(key): /ˈiɡo/
(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈiːɡəʊ/
- IPA^(key): (obsolete) /ˈɛɡəʊ/^[1]
Audio (Southern England): (file)
(General American) IPA^(key): /ˈiɡoʊ/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -iːɡəʊ

Noun

ego (countable and uncountable, plural egos)

The self, especially with a sense of self-importance.
- 1998, Eckhart Tolle, A New Earth:
  When every thought absorbs your attention completely, when you are so identified with the voice in your head and the emotions that accompany it that you lose yourself in every thought and every emotion, then you are totally identified with form and therefore in the grip of ego. Ego is a conglomeration of recurring thought forms and conditioned mental-emotional patterns that are invested with a sense of I, a sense of self.
(psychology, Freudian) The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
- 1954, Calvin S. Hall, A Primer of Freudian Psychology:
  In the well adjusted person the ego is the executive of the personality and is governed by the reality principle.
- 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section I, page 13:
  ‘Everything begins with “I”, you mean. Which is ego,’ said Tom, placing an ankle behind his ear, ‘not id.’
A person's self-esteem and opinion of themselves.
- 1976 February 7, Philip Gambone, “Coming Out: The Gay Identity Process”, in Gay Community News, volume 3, number 32, page 4:
  Too many gay people "come out" publicly, yet fail to achieve truly healthy egos. They "adjust" to being less than whole or integrated persons.
- 2024 January 10, Christian Wolmar, “A time for change? ... just as it was back in issue 262”, in RAIL, number 1000, page 60:
  My columns in the early days of the Labour government often featured John Prescott, who was in charge of transport as part of a mega-department created to match his ego.
(anthropology, genealogy) The individual from whose point of view a family tree or pedigree chart is drawn, or the reference point from whom kinship terminology is relative. (Used without the definite article the.)
the cousin of ego on the father's side

Synonyms

I, Ich

Coordinate terms

(Freudian self): id, superego

Derived terms

Translations

the self

Arabic: اَلْأَنَا m (al-ʔanā)
Catalan: jo (ca) m, ego (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 自我 (zh) (zì wǒ)
Danish: ego (da) n
Dutch: ego (nl) n
Esperanto: egoo (eo)
Finnish: minä (fi); ego (fi)
French: moi (fr) m
Galician: ego (gl) m, eu (gl)
German: Ich (de) n, Ego (de) n
Greek: εγώ (el) n (egó)
Hebrew: אגו (he) m (ego)
Hindi: अहं (hi) (ahã)
Hungarian: én (hu) sg, szelf sg
Icelandic: sjálf n
Ido: ego (io)
Japanese: 自我 (ja) (じが, jiga), エゴ (ego)
Korean: 자아 (ko) (jaa)
Latin: idem (la) n
Norwegian:
Bokmål: ego (no) n, jeg (no) n

Nynorsk: ego n, eg (nn) n
Persian: خود (fa) (xod), نفس (fa) (nafs)
Portuguese: ego (pt) m, eu (pt) m
Russian: э́го (ru) n (égo), я (ru) n (ja)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: е̑го m, ја̑

Latin: ȇgo (sh) m, jȃ (sh)
Spanish: ego (es) m, yo (es) m
Swedish: ego (sv) n
Telugu: అహం (te) (ahaṁ)
Turkish: ego (tr)
Urdu: خاکسار (xāksār), انا (anā)
Vietnamese: cái tôi (vi)

psychoanalytic ego

Catalan: jo (ca) m, ego (ca) m
Czech: ego (cs) n, já (cs) n
Danish: jeg (da) n, ego (da) n
Dutch: ego (nl) n
Esperanto: egoo (eo), mio (eo)
Finnish: minä (fi)
French: moi (fr) m
Galician: ego (gl)
Hindi: अहं (hi) (ahã), अहम् (aham‌)
Hungarian: én (hu) sg (literally “I, me”)
Indonesian: ego (id), diri (id)
Persian: آن‌من (fa) (ân-man)
Polish: ego (pl) n
Portuguese: ego (pt) m, eu (pt) m
Turkish: benlik (tr), ego (tr)
Urdu: انا (anā)

Verb

ego (third-person singular simple present egos, present participle egoing, simple past and past participle egoed or ego'd)

(transitive, Internet slang) To damage someone's ego.

References

^ Ross, Alan S. C. (1970), “ego”, in How to pronounce it‎^[1], London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 81.

Anagrams

EOG, GEO, GOE, Geo., Goe, geo, geo-, goe

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ego. Doublet of jo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞.ɣu]
IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈe.ɣo]
IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈe.ɣu]

Noun

ego m (plural egos)

ego (the self)
Synonym: jo

Related terms

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egobor.

Czech ego

Borrowed from Latin ego (“I”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛɡo]

Noun

ego n

ego
(psychoanalysis) ego

Declension

Declension of ego (velar neuter)

	singular	plural
nominative	ego	ega
genitive	ega	eg
dative	egu	egům
accusative	ego	ega
vocative	ego	ega
locative	egu	egách
instrumental	egem	egy

Synonyms

já

Related terms

Danish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin egō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈeːɡo]

Noun

ego n (singular definite egoet, plural indefinite egoer)

ego, self
Synonym: jeg

Declension

Declension of *ego*
neuter gender	singular		plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ego	egoet	egoer	egoerne
genitive	egos	egoets	egoers	egoernes

Derived terms

Dutch

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin egō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ɣoː/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: ego

Noun

ego n (plural ego's, diminutive egootje n)

ego, self

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin egō (“I”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeɡo/, [ˈe̞ɡo̞]
Rhymes: -eɡo
Syllabification^(key): e‧go
Hyphenation^(key): ego

Noun

ego

ego
(psychoanalysis) ego

Declension

Inflection of ego (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		ego	egot
genitive		egon	egojen
partitive		egoa	egoja
illative		egoon	egoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ego	egot
accusative	nom.	ego	egot
accusative	gen.	egon	egot
genitive		egon	egojen
partitive		egoa	egoja
inessive		egossa	egoissa
elative		egosta	egoista
illative		egoon	egoihin
adessive		egolla	egoilla
ablative		egolta	egoilta
allative		egolle	egoille
essive		egona	egoina
translative		egoksi	egoiksi
abessive		egotta	egoitta
instructive		—	egoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of ego (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		egoni	egoni
accusative	nom.	egoni	egoni
accusative	gen.	egoni	egoni
genitive		egoni	egojeni
partitive		egoani	egojani
inessive		egossani	egoissani
elative		egostani	egoistani
illative		egooni	egoihini
adessive		egollani	egoillani
ablative		egoltani	egoiltani
allative		egolleni	egoilleni
essive		egonani	egoinani
translative		egokseni	egoikseni
abessive		egottani	egoittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	egoineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		egosi	egosi
accusative	nom.	egosi	egosi
accusative	gen.	egosi	egosi
genitive		egosi	egojesi
partitive		egoasi	egojasi
inessive		egossasi	egoissasi
elative		egostasi	egoistasi
illative		egoosi	egoihisi
adessive		egollasi	egoillasi
ablative		egoltasi	egoiltasi
allative		egollesi	egoillesi
essive		egonasi	egoinasi
translative		egoksesi	egoiksesi
abessive		egottasi	egoittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	egoinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		egomme	egomme
accusative	nom.	egomme	egomme
accusative	gen.	egomme	egomme
genitive		egomme	egojemme
partitive		egoamme	egojamme
inessive		egossamme	egoissamme
elative		egostamme	egoistamme
illative		egoomme	egoihimme
adessive		egollamme	egoillamme
ablative		egoltamme	egoiltamme
allative		egollemme	egoillemme
essive		egonamme	egoinamme
translative		egoksemme	egoiksemme
abessive		egottamme	egoittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	egoinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		egonne	egonne
accusative	nom.	egonne	egonne
accusative	gen.	egonne	egonne
genitive		egonne	egojenne
partitive		egoanne	egojanne
inessive		egossanne	egoissanne
elative		egostanne	egoistanne
illative		egoonne	egoihinne
adessive		egollanne	egoillanne
ablative		egoltanne	egoiltanne
allative		egollenne	egoillenne
essive		egonanne	egoinanne
translative		egoksenne	egoiksenne
abessive		egottanne	egoittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	egoinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		egonsa	egonsa
accusative	nom.	egonsa	egonsa
accusative	gen.	egonsa	egonsa
genitive		egonsa	egojensa
partitive		egoaan egoansa	egojaan egojansa
inessive		egossaan egossansa	egoissaan egoissansa
elative		egostaan egostansa	egoistaan egoistansa
illative		egoonsa	egoihinsa
adessive		egollaan egollansa	egoillaan egoillansa
ablative		egoltaan egoltansa	egoiltaan egoiltansa
allative		egolleen egollensa	egoilleen egoillensa
essive		egonaan egonansa	egoinaan egoinansa
translative		egokseen egoksensa	egoikseen egoiksensa
abessive		egottaan egottansa	egoittaan egoittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	egoineen egoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

Anagrams

geo-

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /e.ɡo/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)

Noun

ego m (plural ego or egos)

alternative form of égo
- 2006, Virginie Despentes, “King Kong Girl”, in King Kong Théorie [King Kong Theory], Éditions Grasset, →ISBN, page 122:
  Les plus capables de se taire quand elles sont trompées, de rester quand elles sont bafouées, de flatter les ego des hommes.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

“ego”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English ego, French égo, German Ego, Italian ego, Russian э́го (égo), Spanish ego. Decision no. 693, Progreso IV.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɡo/

Noun

ego (invariable)

ego

Derived terms

egoismo (“egoism”)
egoista (“egoistic; selfish”)
egoisto (“egotist”)
ne-ego (“nonego, the external world”)
neego (“nonego, the external world”)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈeɡo]
Hyphenation: égo

Noun

ego (plural ego-ego)

(psychology) ego
Synonym: keakuan

Derived terms

keegoan

Related terms

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ego.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɡo/
Rhymes: -ɛɡo
Hyphenation: è‧go

Noun

ego m (invariable)

ego

Anagrams

geo-, goe

Japanese

Romanization

ego

Rōmaji transcription of エゴ

Latin

Alternative forms

ecō (Old Latin)
eo (Late Latin)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egō̆

Inherited from Archaic Latin eco, from Proto-Italic *egō. Compare Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛ.ɡoː], [ˈɛ.ɡɔ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː.ɡo]

Pronoun

egō̆ (first person, nominative, plural nōs)

I; first person singular personal pronoun, nominative case
- 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:19
  et aut ego indigna fui illis aut illi mihi forsitan digni non fuerunt quia forsitan viro alio conservasti me
  And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me: because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man

Declension

	singular
nominative	egō̆
genitive	meī
dative	mihī̆
accusative	mē mēmē
ablative	mē mēmē
vocative	egō̆

Mēd is an early form of mē.

Derived terms

Descendants

Sardinian: dego, deo, deu, ego, eo, eu

Reflexes of the late variant eo:

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: iou
- Istro-Romanian: io
- Megleno-Romanian: io
- Romanian: eu
Dalmatian:
- yu
Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: eiu
- Old Italian: eo
  - Italian: io
    - → Interlingua: io
  - Judeo-Italian: אִייוֹ (ʔiyo /⁠ijo⁠/)
- Gallurese: e
- Neapolitan: io
- Sassarese: éiu
- Sicilian: ju, jo, eu, jeu, ia, iu, jù, jèu, jò, ìa, ìu
Padanian:
- Friulian: jo
- Ladin: iö, é, gé
- Romansh: jau
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: jo
- Franco-Provençal: je, jé, jo, ye, yo
- Old French: je (see there for further descendants)
- Gascon: jo
- Old Occitan: eu, ieu, ie (before an enclitic)
  - Occitan: ieu
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: yo
- Old Leonese: yo, io, you, hyo, hio
  - Asturian: yo: you, yeu (Western): yau (Banduxu)
  - Extremaduran: yo
  - Leonese: you
  - Mirandese: you
- Old Galician-Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)
  - Galician: eu
  - Portuguese: eu
- Old Spanish: yo (see there for further descendants)
  - Spanish: yo

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: ego
→ Dutch: ego
→ English: ego
→ French: ego
→ Galician: ego
→ German: Ego
→ Italian: ego
→ Portuguese: ego
→ Spanish: ego

References

“ego”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ego”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"ego", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“ego”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: vix me contineo quin lacrimem
- I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
- I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
- I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
- I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
- I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur
- (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
- I will refuse you nothing: nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo
- I express my approval of a thing: res a me probatur
- as far as I can guess: quantum ego coniectura assequor, auguror
- if I am not mistaken: nisi (animus) me fallit
- unless I'm greatly mistaken: nisi omnia me fallunt
- I am not unaware: me non fugit, praeterit
- I cannot bring myself to..: a me impetrare non possum, ut
- I forget something: oblivio alicuius rei me capit
- experience has taught me: usus me docuit
- this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
- the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
- something harasses me, makes me anxious: aliquid me sollicitat, me sollicitum habet, mihi sollicitudini est, mihi sollicitudinem affert
- I am discontented with my lot: fortunae meae me paenitet
- I am not dissatisfied with my progress: non me paenitet, quantum profecerim
- what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
- it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
- I have great hopes that..: magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97)
- hope has played me false: spes me frustratur
- I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
- I have no objection: per me licet
- (ambiguous) to be burned to ashes: incendio deleri, absūmi
- (ambiguous) to be carried off by a disease: morbo absūmi (Sall. Iug. 5. 6)
- (ambiguous) to die a natural death: morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi
- (ambiguous) according to my strong conviction: ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
- (ambiguous) I put myself at your disposal as regards advice: consilii mei copiam facio tibi
- (ambiguous) my dear father: pater optime or carissime, mi pater (vid. sect. XII. 10)
- (ambiguous) I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro

Latvian

Noun

ego m (invariable)

ego

Noun

ego m (invariable)

eglantine

Synonyms

smaržlapu roze

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

ego

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egō̆lbor.

Polish ego

Learned borrowing from Latin egō̆. Doublet of ja.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɡɔ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛɡɔ
Syllabification: e‧go

Noun

ego n (indeclinable)

(psychoanalysis) ego (most central part of the mind which mediates with one's surroundings)
Coordinate terms: id, superego

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egolbor.

Portuguese ego

Learned borrowing from Latin ego (“I”). Doublet of eu.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɡu/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɡu/ [ˈɛ.ɣu]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɡu/

Rhymes: -ɛɡu
Hyphenation: e‧go

Noun

ego m (plural egos)

ego (the self)
(psychology) ego (most central part of the mind)

Derived terms

massagear o ego

Related terms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ego.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /êːɡo/
Hyphenation: e‧go

Noun

ȇgo m inan (Cyrillic spelling е̑го)

ego

Declension

Declension of *ego*
	singular	plural
nominative	ȇgo	ȇga
genitive	ȇga	égā
dative	ȇgu	ȇzima
accusative	ȇgo	ȇga
vocative	ȇgo	ȇga
locative	ȇgu	ȇzima
instrumental	ȇgom	ȇzima

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Italic *egō

Archaic Latin eco

Latin egobor.

Spanish ego

Borrowed from Latin ego (“I”). Doublet of yo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeɡo/ [ˈe.ɣ̞o]
Rhymes: -eɡo
Syllabification: e‧go

Noun

ego m (plural egos)

ego
Synonym: yo

Related terms

Turkish

Etymology

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɡo/

Noun

ego (definite accusative egou, plural egolar)

ego (the self, especially with a sense of self-importance)
(psychoanalysis) ego

Related terms

[1] Ross, Alan S. C. (1970), “ego”, in How to pronounce it‎^[1], London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 81.

[1]

		first	second	third			reflexive	first	second	third			reflexive
		singular						plural
		first	second	m	f	n	reflexive	first	second	m	f	n	reflexive
nominative		egō̆	tū	is	ea	id	—	nōs	vōs	eī iī	eae	ea	—
genitive	objective	meī mīs¹	tuī tīs¹	eius			suī	nostrī	vestrī vostrī¹	eōrum eum	eārum	eōrum eum	suī
genitive	partitive	meī mīs¹	tuī tīs¹	eius			suī	nostrum	vestrum vostrum¹	eōrum eum	eārum	eōrum eum	suī
dative		mihī̆ mī	tibī̆	eī			sibī̆	nōbīs	vōbīs	eīs			sibī̆
accusative		mē mēmē²⁺³ mēd¹	tē tētē²⁺³ tēd¹	eum	eam	id	sē sēsē²	nōs	vōs	eōs	eās	ea	sē sēsē²
ablative		mē mēmē²⁺³ mēd¹	tē tētē²⁺³ tēd¹	eō	eā	eō	sē sēsē²	nōbīs	vōbīs	eīs			sē sēsē²
vocative		egō̆	tū	—				nōs	vōs	—

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

References

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Further reading

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Related terms

See also

Further reading

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Anagrams

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Ido

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Japanese

Romanization

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation